Trial Outcomes & Findings for Physiologic Adaptations to Interval and Continuous Running at Low Volume and Vigorous Intensity Over 14-Weeks. (NCT NCT01816451)
NCT ID: NCT01816451
Last Updated: 2014-04-29
Results Overview
The relative maximal oxygen uptake was taken by individual connected to a metabolic gas analyzer (VO-2000, Aerosport, Medgraphics, St. Paul, Minnesota) through which the gas samples were collected and measured each 10 seconds during the test. The participants were submitted to a ramp protocol with an initial velocity of 8.0 km/h (0% of inclination), progressive increments, a final velocity of 18 km/h (2% de inclination). The duration was equal to 10 minutes or until voluntary exhaustion.
COMPLETED
NA
35 participants
Pre and post 14 weeks
2014-04-29
Participant Flow
Participants were randomly assigned on August 2012 to either an interval,continuous training or control group from Sept to Dec. Tests and training were performed in a controlled laboratory condition.Tests were each separated by 24-48 h.One week before baseline they did a familiarization to submaximal test and all physiological measures.
Due to factors outside the present study, three individuals were removed from the program. Two individuals during maximal exercise test (VO2) showed clinical impairment test being interrupted by the doctor and the third individual presented a plantar fasciitis in the early familiarization.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Interval
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
13
|
11
|
8
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
13
|
11
|
8
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Physiologic Adaptations to Interval and Continuous Running at Low Volume and Vigorous Intensity Over 14-Weeks.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
n=8 Participants
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
Total
n=32 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
32 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Age, Continuous
|
30.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 • n=5 Participants
|
30.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0 • n=7 Participants
|
29.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.4 • n=5 Participants
|
30 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
32 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
Brazil
|
13 participants
n=5 Participants
|
11 participants
n=7 Participants
|
8 participants
n=5 Participants
|
32 participants
n=4 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre and post 14 weeksThe relative maximal oxygen uptake was taken by individual connected to a metabolic gas analyzer (VO-2000, Aerosport, Medgraphics, St. Paul, Minnesota) through which the gas samples were collected and measured each 10 seconds during the test. The participants were submitted to a ramp protocol with an initial velocity of 8.0 km/h (0% of inclination), progressive increments, a final velocity of 18 km/h (2% de inclination). The duration was equal to 10 minutes or until voluntary exhaustion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
n=8 Participants
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Relative Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Pre VO2
|
47.8 mL/(kg*min)
Standard Deviation 6.3
|
50.9 mL/(kg*min)
Standard Deviation 6.0
|
49.7 mL/(kg*min)
Standard Deviation 5.6
|
|
Relative Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Post VO2
|
51.7 mL/(kg*min)
Standard Deviation 5.9
|
52.8 mL/(kg*min)
Standard Deviation 5.1
|
49.4 mL/(kg*min)
Standard Deviation 6.4
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre and post 14 weeksThe absolute maximal oxygen uptake was taken by individual connected to a metabolic gas analyzer (VO-2000, Aerosport, Medgraphics, St. Paul, Minnesota) through which the gas samples were collected and measured each 10 seconds during the test. The participants were submitted to a ramp protocol with an initial velocity of 8.0 km/h (0% of inclination), progressive increments, a final velocity of 18 km/h (2% de inclination). The duration was equal to 10 minutes or until voluntary exhaustion.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
n=8 Participants
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Absolute Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Post VO2
|
4.0 L/min
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
4.0 L/min
Standard Deviation 0.3
|
3.7 L/min
Standard Deviation 0.4
|
|
Absolute Maximal Oxygen Uptake
Pre VO2
|
3.67 L/min
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
3.89 L/min
Standard Deviation 0.3
|
3.80 L/min
Standard Deviation 0.5
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre and post 14 weeks/46 sessions of trainingThe criterion for determining the total time reaching in maximal VO2 test was associated with the time immediately preceding heart rate shown a reduction of five or more beats.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
n=8 Participants
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Total Time Reaching on Maximal Test (tVO2max)
pre tVO2max
|
9.2 minutes
Standard Deviation 0.8
|
10.5 minutes
Standard Deviation 1.1
|
9.6 minutes
Standard Deviation 1.8
|
|
Total Time Reaching on Maximal Test (tVO2max)
post tVO2max
|
10.2 minutes
Standard Deviation 0.7
|
10.7 minutes
Standard Deviation 1.0
|
9.5 minutes
Standard Deviation 1.9
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre and post 14 weeks at rest (5 min sitting; before start the test), during the test (to determine max), and 60s and 120s immediately after the end of the test (on sitting position)The HR was collected pre and post training on maximal VO2 test. Initially, with the individual on the treadmill (Inbrasport Master Super, Porto Alegre, Brazil), electrodes (Micromed) were placed at the manubrium, right and left iliac crest for measured heart rate (HR) (derivation CM5) and were connected to an electromyography equipment (Micromed®). HR values were visualized through Elite software (Micromed Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
n=8 Participants
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Heart Rate on Maximal Test
pre HR rest
|
68.8 bpm
Standard Deviation 9.8
|
67.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 9.6
|
65.8 bpm
Standard Deviation 8.2
|
|
Heart Rate on Maximal Test
post HR rest
|
59.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 8.6
|
57.2 bpm
Standard Deviation 2.1
|
64.4 bpm
Standard Deviation 10.3
|
|
Heart Rate on Maximal Test
pre HR max
|
185.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 11.2
|
183.5 bpm
Standard Deviation 9.4
|
190.5 bpm
Standard Deviation 6.0
|
|
Heart Rate on Maximal Test
post HR max
|
187.0 bpm
Standard Deviation 10.6
|
185.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 10.5
|
191.0 bpm
Standard Deviation 8.5
|
|
Heart Rate on Maximal Test
pre HR 60s
|
122.5 bpm
Standard Deviation 19.8
|
116.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 10
|
122.9 bpm
Standard Deviation 22.8
|
|
Heart Rate on Maximal Test
post HR 60s
|
120.9 bpm
Standard Deviation 10.5
|
117.5 bpm
Standard Deviation 13.3
|
123.0 bpm
Standard Deviation 15.3
|
|
Heart Rate on Maximal Test
pre HR 120s
|
110.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 14.4
|
107.0 bpm
Standard Deviation 9.4
|
111.6 bpm
Standard Deviation 18.0
|
|
Heart Rate on Maximal Test
post HR 120s
|
108.7 bpm
Standard Deviation 11.1
|
108.4 bpm
Standard Deviation 13.7
|
112.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 13.8
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre and post 14 weeks/46sessions on rest (5 min sitting position; before start the test); 1-3-5 min immediately after the end of the test (on sitting position).Capillary blood samples (25 µl) were obtained from the finger of each subject during all tests and the \[La\] were measured using an (Accutrend®Plus Roche Diagnostics Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung , Mannheim, Germany). The measuring range was 0.8-22 millimole (mM). The sample is collecting (Accu-Chek® Softclix) and first applied to a coded yellow test strip (Accutrend Blood measure-Roche) with a reagent chemical substance. Blood was added to the strip by letting it drip from a finger; in accordance with the instrument's instructions. The finger never touched the strip's pad in order to exclude any possible interference due to the sweat. All \[La\] were collected by a single, experienced investigator.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
n=8 Participants
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Blood Lactate Concentrations on Maximal Test
post [La] 5-min
|
13 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.58
|
12.9 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.49
|
13.45 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.40
|
|
Blood Lactate Concentrations on Maximal Test
pre [La] rest
|
2.55 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.38
|
2.40 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.20
|
2.36 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.23
|
|
Blood Lactate Concentrations on Maximal Test
post [La] rest
|
2.73 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.39
|
2.29 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.45
|
2.68 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.23
|
|
Blood Lactate Concentrations on Maximal Test
pre [La] 1-min
|
12.03 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.89
|
12.21 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.49
|
13.41 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.54
|
|
Blood Lactate Concentrations on Maximal Test
post [La] 1-min
|
13.14 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.57
|
13.23 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.57
|
13.30 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.39
|
|
Blood Lactate Concentrations on Maximal Test
pre [La] 3-min
|
11.42 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.23
|
11.97 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.90
|
12.88 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.56
|
|
Blood Lactate Concentrations on Maximal Test
post [La] 3-min
|
12.66 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.50
|
12.88 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.65
|
13.44 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.56
|
|
Blood Lactate Concentrations on Maximal Test
pre [La] 5-min
|
9.74 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 3.40
|
11.5 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.74
|
12.26 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.74
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Body Mass was collected pre and post trainingTo measure body mass Filizola scales with a stadiometer was used.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
n=8 Participants
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Body Mass (BM)
post BM
|
77.5 kg
Standard Deviation 13.7
|
76.1 kg
Standard Deviation 4.4
|
76.0 kg
Standard Deviation 11.1
|
|
Body Mass (BM)
pre BM
|
77.6 kg
Standard Deviation 13.5
|
76.6 kg
Standard Deviation 3.7
|
76.4 kg
Standard Deviation 10.9
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre and post 14 weeks/46 sessions of trainingThe RPE was collected at maximal test (see description of test on outcome measure "Maximal Oxygen Uptake"). Relative to overall feelings were collected by Category Ratio Scale (CR10) during the last 15 s of each stage using the Borg category (0 - 10) scale. Instructions for RPE were that "0" corresponds to rest, and "9 - 10" corresponds to maximal exertion. This verbal procedure was explained before initiating exercise.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
n=8 Participants
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) on Maximal Test
pre RPE
|
8.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
|
9.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
|
9.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.0
|
|
Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) on Maximal Test
post RPE
|
8.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5
|
9.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.3
|
9.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre and post 14 weeks/46 sessions of trainingThe subjects underwent a set of anthropometric assessments, which followed the norms of the International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry. The fat mass was calculated by percentage using the equation proposed by Jackson and Pollock (1978) from seven skinfold measurement. To measure the skinfolds, a Sanny Professional Skinfold Caliper was used.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
n=8 Participants
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Fat Mass (%)
pre
|
14.3 Fat Mass %
Standard Deviation 6.0
|
11.9 Fat Mass %
Standard Deviation 3.9
|
12.5 Fat Mass %
Standard Deviation 4.9
|
|
Fat Mass (%)
post
|
14.9 Fat Mass %
Standard Deviation 5.6
|
13.6 Fat Mass %
Standard Deviation 5.1
|
13.4 Fat Mass %
Standard Deviation 4.7
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre; during (retest I 0-6weeks; retest II 0-10 weeks) and post 14 weeks/46sessions training: rest (5-min sitting; before start the test); maximal during the test (maxHRsub); 60s-120s immediately after the end of the test (on sitting position).Population: The control group didn't do the submaximal test because it was done to determine and adjusted the training intensities during the 14 weeks.
Submaximal tests were done at the same treadmill (Treadmill® TR9100HR, Life Fitness, USA) as training.Before the test, all subjects should be able to do it at moderate-high intensity. The test began with three minutes of progressive warm-up. During the first minute, the subject maintains a light level; during the second and third minutes of the warm-up, the intensity was moderate. Starting from the fourth minute, the subject should be able to maintain a velocity for the next seven to ten minutes. This load can be adjusted as required, through verbal communication between the subject and the evaluator. The test finishes at the end of 10 minutes.The test velocity should be clearly constant at the end of the test. Heart rate were monitored and recorded at the end of each minute, e.g. 10 seconds before ending each measured minute, and the last measurement were at the end of the 10 minutes. The objective of this procedure was to identify the HR values for training intensities.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
pre HR rest
|
63.9 bpm
Standard Deviation 6.4
|
67.2 bpm
Standard Deviation 10.8
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
retest I HR rest
|
60.8 bpm
Standard Deviation 9.7
|
64.0 bpm
Standard Deviation 8.5
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
retest II HR rest
|
61.2 bpm
Standard Deviation 8.8
|
59.6 bpm
Standard Deviation 10.7
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
post HR rest
|
59.8 bpm
Standard Deviation 8.8
|
58.7 bpm
Standard Deviation 2.6
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
pre maxHRsub
|
174.8 bpm
Standard Deviation 9.6
|
175.0 bpm
Standard Deviation 8.3
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
retest I maxHRsub
|
173.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 10.5
|
169.8 bpm
Standard Deviation 10.3
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
retest II maxHRsub
|
174.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 9.9
|
173.2 bpm
Standard Deviation 10.0
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
post maxHRsub
|
174.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 7.6
|
170.1 bpm
Standard Deviation 9.7
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
pre HR 60s
|
116.2 bpm
Standard Deviation 16.8
|
116.9 bpm
Standard Deviation 12.5
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
retest I HR 60s
|
106.5 bpm
Standard Deviation 14.1
|
98.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 11.6
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
retest II HR 60s
|
105.5 bpm
Standard Deviation 14.0
|
99.8 bpm
Standard Deviation 14.4
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
post HR 60s
|
103.0 bpm
Standard Deviation 11.3
|
100.7 bpm
Standard Deviation 12.7
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
pre HR 120s
|
98.9 bpm
Standard Deviation 14.8
|
102.3 bpm
Standard Deviation 9.2
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
retest I HR 120s
|
90.5 bpm
Standard Deviation 13.4
|
87.5 bpm
Standard Deviation 10.5
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
retest II HR 120s
|
91.9 bpm
Standard Deviation 17.4
|
90.8 bpm
Standard Deviation 12.3
|
—
|
|
Heart Rate on Submaximal Test
post HR 120s
|
93.8 bpm
Standard Deviation 11.9
|
89.9 bpm
Standard Deviation 9.3
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre; during (retest I 0-6weeks; retest II 0-10 weeks) and post 14 weeks/46 sessions training: rest (5-min sitting; before start the test); 1-3-5 minutes immediately after the end of the test (on sitting position).Population: The control group didn't do the submaximal test because it was done to determine and adjusted the HR training intensities and also collected \[La\] on rest and after submaximal effort during 14 weeks of training.
Capillary blood samples (25 µl) were obtained from the finger of each subject during all tests and the \[La\] were measured using an (Accutrend®Plus Roche Diagnostics Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung , Mannheim, Germany). The measuring range was 0.8-22 mM. The sample is collecting (Accu-Chek® Softclix) and first applied to a coded yellow test strip (Accutrend Blood Measure-Roche) with a reagent chemical substance. Blood was added to the strip by letting it drip from a finger; in accordance with the instrument's instructions we never let the finger touch the strip's pad in order to exclude any possible interference due to the sweat.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
pre [La] rest
|
2.59 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.33
|
2.40 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.22
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
retest I [La] rest
|
2.66 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.57
|
2.45 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.39
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
retest II [La] rest
|
2.42 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.40
|
2.25 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.44
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
post [La] rest
|
2.81 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.39
|
2.56 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 0.50
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
pre [La] 1-min
|
7.41 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.28
|
9.39 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.30
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
retest I [La] 1-min
|
7.52 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.81
|
6.94 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.75
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
retest II [La] 1-min
|
8.14 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.34
|
7.89 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.50
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
post [La] 1-min
|
8.12 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.37
|
7.69 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.10
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
pre [La] 3-min
|
6.96 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.43
|
8.80 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.48
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
retest I [La] 3-min
|
6.52 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.93
|
5.65 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.05
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
retest II [La] 3-min
|
7.50 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.23
|
7.00 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.39
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
post [La] 3-min
|
7.52 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.25
|
7.07 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.02
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
pre [La] 5-min
|
5.85 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.33
|
7.21 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 3.18
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
retest I [La] 5-min
|
5.80 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.74
|
5.22 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.35
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
retest II [La] 5-min
|
6.91 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.34
|
6.49 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 1.27
|
—
|
|
Blood Lactate on Submaximal Test
post [La] 5-min
|
6.79 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.03
|
6.49 mmol*L^-1
Standard Deviation 2.03
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre; during (retest I 0-6weeks; retest II 0-10 weeks) and post 14 weeks/46sessions of trainingPopulation: The control group didn't do the submaximal test because it was done to determine and adjusted the HR training intensities and also collected \[Vsub\] during submaximal effort.
Submaximal tests were done at the same treadmill (Treadmill® TR9100HR, Life Fitness, USA) as training.Before the test, all subjects should be able to do it at moderate-high intensity. The test began with three minutes of progressive warm-up. During the first minute, the subject maintains a light level; during the second and third minutes of the warm-up, the intensity was moderate. Starting from the fourth minute, the subject should be able to maintain a velocity for the next seven to ten minutes. This load can be adjusted as required, through verbal communication between the subject and the evaluator. The test finishes at the end of 10 minutes. The test velocity should be clearly constant at the end of the test. Values of velocity were monitored and recorded at the end of each minute, e.g. 10 seconds before ending each measured minute, and the last measurement were at the end of the 10 minutes. The objective of this procedure was to identify the value of that speed has stabilized.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Submaximal Velocity [Vsub]
pre [Vsub]
|
13.2 km/h
Standard Deviation 2.0
|
13.9 km/h
Standard Deviation 1.4
|
—
|
|
Submaximal Velocity [Vsub]
retest I [Vsub]
|
13.4 km/h
Standard Deviation 0.8
|
13.7 km/h
Standard Deviation 1.6
|
—
|
|
Submaximal Velocity [Vsub]
retest II [Vsub]
|
13.9 km/h
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
14.4 km/h
Standard Deviation 1.1
|
—
|
|
Submaximal Velocity [Vsub]
post [Vsub]
|
13.9 km/h
Standard Deviation 0.8
|
13.9 km/h
Standard Deviation 0.9
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Pre; during (retest I 0-6weeks; retest II 0-10 weeks) and post 14 weeks/46sessions trainingPopulation: The control group didn't do the submaximal test because it was done only for determine and adjusted the training intensities.
The RPE was collected at submaximal test (see description of test on outcome measure "HR at submaximal test"). Relative to overall feelings were collected by Category Ratio Scale (CR10) during the last 15 s of each stage using the Borg category (0 - 10) scale. Instructions for RPE were that "0" corresponds to rest, and "9 - 10" corresponds to maximal exertion. This verbal procedure was explained before initiating exercise.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Interval
n=13 Participants
The running training for interval group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. The interval training group intensities ranged between 84-87% HRVO2peak/HRmax-maximal heart rate (vigorous intensity), 88-93%HRVO2peak/HRmax (near maximum intensity) and 94-99% HRVO2peak/HRmax (maximum intensity).
|
Continuous
n=11 Participants
The running training for continuous group were performed on a treadmill for a period of 14 weeks, with a frequency of three times a week, lasting 20-minutes per session thus completing 46 sessions of training. The intensity and volume of training both were adapted according to the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine.The continuous group ran at an intensity of \~87%HRVO2peak/HRmax.
|
Control
The control group did not do the running training program. Control did their normal physical activities.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) on Submaximal Test
pre RPE
|
6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1
|
6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2
|
—
|
|
Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) on Submaximal Test
retest I RPE
|
6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1
|
5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1
|
—
|
|
Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) on Submaximal Test
retest II RPE
|
6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2
|
6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2
|
—
|
|
Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) on Submaximal Test
post RPE
|
7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2
|
7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1
|
—
|
Adverse Events
Interval
Continuous
Control
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Ph.D. Laura Castro de Garay
University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place