Zinc Resistant Starch Project

NCT ID: NCT01811836

Last Updated: 2018-08-02

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 20 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2013-03-31
• Study Completion Date: 2013-07-31

Brief Summary

Broad - to examine the result of feeding RS to 3-5 year old rural Malawian children on zinc homeostasis and environmental enteropathy (EE).

Specific -

1. To measure zinc status using a dual zinc stable isotope assay before and after administering resistant starch (RS) in 20 children.

2. To measure intestinal function using a site-specific sugar absorption test before and after administering RS in 20 children.

3. To determine the relationship between RS and zinc homeostasis.

4. To determine the relationship between RS and environmental enteropathy.

Detailed Description

A total of 20 (10 M, 10 F) stunted rural Malawian children aged 36-60 months will be studied to determine if there is an effect of feeding RS on zinc homeostasis and environmental enteropathy. These children are at high risk for zinc deficiency and environmental enteropathy by their demographic characteristics. Children will first have a quantitative assessment of zinc homeostasis where each child is given 2 zinc stable isotopes, one by mouth and another intravenously, which is followed by a stool and urine collection of 4 days. Zinc isotopes are quantified in the feces and urine, and these values are used to calculate the primary outcome, net zinc balance. This is followed by an assessment of environmental enteropathy quantitatively measured using the non-invasive site specific sugar absorption test, where each child drinks 100 mL of a sugar solution and a urine collection follows. The quantities of non-metabolizable sugars are measured, and the ratio of two of the sugars, lactulose and mannitol, is a measure of environmental enteropathy. Then the children will receive a dietary supplement, corn starch that has been modified to reduce its dietary absorption, for 5 weeks, which they will add to their phala. The RS is a standard food product that has been used safely in many millions of people for several decades. After taking this RS for 4 weeks both the zinc stable isotope test and the dual sugar absorption test will be repeated on the children to see if they have improved. These results will offer preliminary data as to whether RS might be used effectively on a large scale in the community to alleviate zinc deficiency and/or environmental enteropathy.

Conditions

Enteropathy

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Resistant Starch

Oral and intravenous zinc stable isotopes. Zinc: 67Zn (>97% enrichment),68Zn (>99% enrichment) and 70Zn (>95% enrichment) Days 1 and 38: children will be administered 40-75 μg of 67Zn through consumed food. At the end of these days, children will be given an intravenous injection of an accurately measured quantity of ~800 μg of 68Zn.

Days 3-35: resistant starch feeding -- which will be given to mothers and integrated into the food.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Zinc

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Children will have an assessment of zinc homeostasis; each child is given 2 zinc stable isotopes, one by mouth and one intravenously, followed by a stool and urine collection (4 days.) Zinc isotopes are quantified in the feces and urine, values are used to calculate the primary outcome, net zinc balance. An assessment of EE quantitatively measured using the non-invasive site specific sugar absorption test, each child drinks 100 mL of a sugar solution and a urine collection follows. The quantities of non-metabolizable sugars are measured, and the ratio of two of the sugars, lactulose and mannitol, is a measure of environmental enteropathy. Children will receive a dietary supplement, corn starch, modified to reduce its absorption, for 5 weeks, which they will add to their phala. The RS is a standard food and has been used safely in millions of people for years. After taking this RS for 4 weeks both the zinc stable isotope test and the dual sugar absorption test will be repeated.

Interventions

Zinc

Children will have an assessment of zinc homeostasis; each child is given 2 zinc stable isotopes, one by mouth and one intravenously, followed by a stool and urine collection (4 days.) Zinc isotopes are quantified in the feces and urine, values are used to calculate the primary outcome, net zinc balance. An assessment of EE quantitatively measured using the non-invasive site specific sugar absorption test, each child drinks 100 mL of a sugar solution and a urine collection follows. The quantities of non-metabolizable sugars are measured, and the ratio of two of the sugars, lactulose and mannitol, is a measure of environmental enteropathy. Children will receive a dietary supplement, corn starch, modified to reduce its absorption, for 5 weeks, which they will add to their phala. The RS is a standard food and has been used safely in millions of people for years. After taking this RS for 4 weeks both the zinc stable isotope test and the dual sugar absorption test will be repeated.

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Other Intervention Names

Zinc Resistant Starch

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Any stunted, otherwise healthy child aged 36-60 months living close to the Chipalonga Health Center. Stunting will be defined as height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) < -2. Children will be selected on the basis of having the lowest weight-for-height Z-scores (WHZ), and by dietary surveys on which their caretakers report consuming animal source foods < twice per month. Previous field work indicates about 80% of children are stunted and almost all children consume animal source foods < twice per month.

Exclusion Criteria

• Children who are not permanent residents in the village. Additionally, children with severe chronic illness such as cerebral palsy, and those who are receiving other supplementary food, or those who are participating in another research study are all ineligible to participate.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 36 Months
• Maximum Eligible Age: 60 Months
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

Washington University School of Medicine

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Mark Manary, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Washington University School of Medicine

Locations

Project Peanut Butter Factory

Blantyre, , Malawi

Countries

Malawi

References

Manary MJ, Hotz C, Krebs NF, Gibson RS, Westcott JE, Broadhead RL, Hambidge KM. Zinc homeostasis in Malawian children consuming a high-phytate, maize-based diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jun;75(6):1057-61. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/75.6.1057.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 12036813 (View on PubMed)

Manary MJ, Abrams SA, Griffin IJ, Quimper MM, Shulman RJ, Hamzo MG, Chen Z, Maleta K, Manary MJ. Perturbed zinc homeostasis in rural 3-5-y-old Malawian children is associated with abnormalities in intestinal permeability attributed to tropical enteropathy. Pediatr Res. 2010 Jun;67(6):671-5. doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181da44dc.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 20496476 (View on PubMed)

Sazawal S, Bentley M, Black RE, Dhingra P, George S, Bhan MK. Effect of zinc supplementation on observed activity in low socioeconomic Indian preschool children. Pediatrics. 1996 Dec;98(6 Pt 1):1132-7.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 8951265 (View on PubMed)

Menzies IS, Zuckerman MJ, Nukajam WS, Somasundaram SG, Murphy B, Jenkins AP, Crane RS, Gregory GG. Geography of intestinal permeability and absorption. Gut. 1999 Apr;44(4):483-9. doi: 10.1136/gut.44.4.483.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 10075954 (View on PubMed)

Sazawal S, Black RE, Bhan MK, Bhandari N, Sinha A, Jalla S. Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India. N Engl J Med. 1995 Sep 28;333(13):839-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199509283331304.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 7651474 (View on PubMed)

Ruel MT, Rivera JA, Santizo MC, Lonnerdal B, Brown KH. Impact of zinc supplementation on morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections among rural Guatemalan children. Pediatrics. 1997 Jun;99(6):808-13. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.6.808.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 9164774 (View on PubMed)

Yonekura L, Suzuki H. Effects of dietary zinc levels, phytic acid and resistant starch on zinc bioavailability in rats. Eur J Nutr. 2005 Sep;44(6):384-91. doi: 10.1007/s00394-004-0540-9. Epub 2004 Nov 23.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 16151969 (View on PubMed)

Turnlund JR. The use of stable isotopes in mineral nutrition research. J Nutr. 1989 Jan;119(1):7-14. doi: 10.1093/jn/119.1.7.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 2643698 (View on PubMed)

Miller LV, Hambidge KM, Naake VL, Hong Z, Westcott JL, Fennessey PV. Size of the zinc pools that exchange rapidly with plasma zinc in humans: alternative techniques for measuring and relation to dietary zinc intake. J Nutr. 1994 Feb;124(2):268-76. doi: 10.1093/jn/124.2.268.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 8308576 (View on PubMed)

Meddings JB, Gibbons I. Discrimination of site-specific alterations in gastrointestinal permeability in the rat. Gastroenterology. 1998 Jan;114(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70636-5.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 9428222 (View on PubMed)

Galpin L, Manary MJ, Fleming K, Ou CN, Ashorn P, Shulman RJ. Effect of Lactobacillus GG on intestinal integrity in Malawian children at risk of tropical enteropathy. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Nov;82(5):1040-5. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/82.5.1040.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 16280436 (View on PubMed)

May T, Westcott C, Thakwalakwa C, Ordiz MI, Maleta K, Westcott J, Ryan K, Hambidge KM, Miller LV, Young G, Mortimer E, Manary MJ, Krebs NF. Resistant starch does not affect zinc homeostasis in rural Malawian children. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2015 Apr;30:43-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.01.005. Epub 2015 Jan 21.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 25744509 (View on PubMed)

Ordiz MI, May TD, Mihindukulasuriya K, Martin J, Crowley J, Tarr PI, Ryan K, Mortimer E, Gopalsamy G, Maleta K, Mitreva M, Young G, Manary MJ. The effect of dietary resistant starch type 2 on the microbiota and markers of gut inflammation in rural Malawi children. Microbiome. 2015 Sep 3;3:37. doi: 10.1186/s40168-015-0102-9.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 26334878 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

201211114

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id