Trial Outcomes & Findings for Vitamin D and Vascular Health in Children (NCT NCT01797302)

NCT ID: NCT01797302

Last Updated: 2020-06-24

Results Overview

Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation percentage is a measure of endothelial function. FMD percentage calculation is based on baseline brachial artery diameter(brachialADbase) and change in brachial artery diameter (brachialADchange) during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia. FMD% was determined using the formula (brachialADchange/brachialADbase) x 100.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

225 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

6 months

Results posted on

2020-06-24

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Overall Study
STARTED
75
74
76
Overall Study
3 Month Visit
60
57
57
Overall Study
COMPLETED
58
48
50
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
17
26
26

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
16
23
22
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
1
3
4

Baseline Characteristics

Vitamin D and Vascular Health in Children

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=75 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=74 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=76 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Total
n=225 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
13.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.4 • n=5 Participants
13.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=7 Participants
13.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 • n=5 Participants
13.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 • n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
48 Participants
n=5 Participants
45 Participants
n=7 Participants
54 Participants
n=5 Participants
147 Participants
n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
27 Participants
n=5 Participants
29 Participants
n=7 Participants
22 Participants
n=5 Participants
78 Participants
n=4 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
10 Participants
n=4 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
68 Participants
n=5 Participants
73 Participants
n=7 Participants
74 Participants
n=5 Participants
215 Participants
n=4 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black
70 Participants
n=5 Participants
70 Participants
n=7 Participants
71 Participants
n=5 Participants
211 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
12 Participants
n=7 Participants
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
31 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
American Indian
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
9 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
5 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Hawaiian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
Body Mass Index
30.3 "kg/m^2"
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.8 • n=5 Participants
30.0 "kg/m^2"
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 • n=7 Participants
30.7 "kg/m^2"
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.9 • n=5 Participants
30.3 "kg/m^2"
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.3 • n=4 Participants
Obese (BMI > or = 95th percentile)
47 Participants
n=5 Participants
50 Participants
n=7 Participants
53 Participants
n=5 Participants
150 Participants
n=4 Participants
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D)
14.2 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.5 • n=5 Participants
14.4 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4 • n=7 Participants
14.3 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3 • n=5 Participants
14.3 ng/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.7 • n=4 Participants
Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH)
52.0 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.9 • n=5 Participants
45.7 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.0 • n=7 Participants
51.7 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.6 • n=5 Participants
49.8 pg/mL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.6 • n=4 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Intention to treat with all available data

Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation percentage is a measure of endothelial function. FMD percentage calculation is based on baseline brachial artery diameter(brachialADbase) and change in brachial artery diameter (brachialADchange) during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia. FMD% was determined using the formula (brachialADchange/brachialADbase) x 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=58 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=47 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=50 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Flow-mediated Dilation (FMD) Percentage
7.61 percentage of baseline dilation
Standard Deviation 5.15
8.27 percentage of baseline dilation
Standard Deviation 5.92
7.31 percentage of baseline dilation
Standard Deviation 5.14

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: intention to tread with all available data

PWV is a measure of arterial stiffness. Higher values of PWV indicate greater degree of arterial stiffness.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=52 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=43 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=45 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Pulse-wave Velocity (PWV)
4.85 meters/second
Standard Deviation 0.76
4.85 meters/second
Standard Deviation 0.63
4.88 meters/second
Standard Deviation 0.75

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: intention to treat with all available data

AIx-75 is a measure of arterial stiffness. AIx was measured through radial arterial tonometry using SphygmoCor. Radial pulse waveform are analyzed through an automatic software function to determine aortic pulse waveform and aortic or central systolic (cSBP) and diastolic blood pressure (cDBP), and these measurements are further analyzed automatically to calculate AIx. AIx is a composite measure of the magnitude of wave reflection and arterial stiffness in all conduit arteries which affect the timing of the wave reflection. AIx = P2-P1/cSBP-cDBP, where P1 is the height of the incident pressure wave form during systole, P2 is the height of the reflected wave added to the incident wave, cSBP is the aortic systolic BP, and cDBP is the aortic diastolic BP. AIx adjusted to heart rate of 75 beats/min (AIx-75) is a validated index of arterial stiffness, with higher values indicating higher degree of arterial stiffness.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=57 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=46 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=44 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Augmentation Index at Heart Rate of 75 Beats/Min (AIx-75)
3.75 ratio
Standard Deviation 8.44
2.22 ratio
Standard Deviation 10.97
1.74 ratio
Standard Deviation 10.29

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: intention to treat with all available data

a measure of cardiometabolic health

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=57 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=46 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=44 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Central Systolic Blood Pressure
98.45 mmHg
Standard Deviation 7.20
96.05 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.19
98.50 mmHg
Standard Deviation 7.84

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: intention to treat with all available data

a measure of cardiometabolic health

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=57 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=46 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=44 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Central Diastolic Blood Pressure
68.69 mmHg
Standard Deviation 5.87
65.33 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.27
68.57 mmHg
Standard Deviation 6.58

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: intention to treat with all available data

a measure of cardiometabolic health

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=58 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=48 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=50 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Systemic Systolic Blood Pressure
114.71 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.45
114.88 mmHg
Standard Deviation 11.76
115.70 mmHg
Standard Deviation 9.55

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: intention to treat with all available data

a measure of cardiometabolic health

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=58 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=48 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=50 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Systemic Diastolic Blood Pressure
67.57 mmHg
Standard Deviation 5.81
64.73 mmHg
Standard Deviation 8.44
67.30 mmHg
Standard Deviation 6.53

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: intention to treat with all available data

a measure of cardiometabolic health

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=58 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=48 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=50 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Fasting Blood Glucose
88.41 mg/dL
Standard Deviation 6.33
88.48 mg/dL
Standard Deviation 7.05
90.44 mg/dL
Standard Deviation 6.04

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: intention to treat with all available data

1/fasting insulin ratio is a measure of insulin sensitivity. Increases in 1/fasting insulin ratio indicate improvements in insulin sensitivity.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=56 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=44 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=47 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
1/Fasting Insulin Ratio
0.08 ratio
Standard Deviation 0.06
0.06 ratio
Standard Deviation 0.04
0.06 ratio
Standard Deviation 0.04

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: intention to treat with all available data

a surrogate measure of adiposity

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=58 Participants
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=48 Participants
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=50 Participants
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Body Mass Index (BMI)
30.82 "kg/m^2"
Standard Deviation 6.12
30.99 "kg/m^2"
Standard Deviation 6.41
30.62 "kg/m^2"
Standard Deviation 6.78

Adverse Events

Vitamin D3 2000 IU

Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 24 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Vitamin D3 1000 IU

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 20 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Vitamin D3 600 IU

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 26 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=75 participants at risk
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=74 participants at risk
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=76 participants at risk
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal pain
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Vitamin D3 2000 IU
n=75 participants at risk
Vitamin D3 2000 IU tablet once daily by mouth for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 1000 IU
n=74 participants at risk
Vitamin D3 1000 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Vitamin D3 600 IU
n=76 participants at risk
Vitamin D3 600 IU tablet by mouth once daily for 6 months Vitamin D3: Tablet form
Infections and infestations
Upper respiratory infection
12.0%
9/75 • Number of events 9 • 6 months
10.8%
8/74 • Number of events 8 • 6 months
10.5%
8/76 • Number of events 8 • 6 months
Nervous system disorders
Headache
4.0%
3/75 • Number of events 3 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
2.6%
2/76 • Number of events 2 • 6 months
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal pain
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
2.6%
2/76 • Number of events 2 • 6 months
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Sore throat
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
2.6%
2/76 • Number of events 2 • 6 months
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Ear pain
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
2.7%
2/74 • Number of events 2 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
General disorders
Flu like symptoms
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
2.6%
2/76 • Number of events 2 • 6 months
Infections and infestations
Pharyngitis
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Psychiatric disorders
Depression
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
2.6%
2/76 • Number of events 2 • 6 months
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Dysmenorrhea
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
2.6%
2/76 • Number of events 2 • 6 months
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Injury, poisoning, and proc complications other
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Infections and infestations
Sinusitis
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Infections and infestations
Urinary tract infection
2.7%
2/75 • Number of events 2 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Immune system disorders
Allergic reaction
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Allergic rhinitis
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Alopecia
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Anorexia
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Infections and infestations
Bronchial infection
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Bronchospasm
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Nervous system disorders
Dizziness
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Dry skin
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
General disorders
Fatigue
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
General disorders
Fever
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Psychiatric disorders
Insomnia
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Irregular menstruation
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Nasal congestion
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Otitis media
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Pain in extremity
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Cardiac disorders
Palpitations
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Infections and infestations
Rhinitis infective
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Skin and subcutaneous disorders other
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Gastrointestinal disorders
Stomach pain
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Surgical and medical procedures
Surgical and medical procedures other
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Nervous system disorders
Syncope
1.3%
1/75 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months
Renal and urinary disorders
Urinary frequency
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
0.00%
0/74 • 6 months
1.3%
1/76 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomiting
0.00%
0/75 • 6 months
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • 6 months
0.00%
0/76 • 6 months

Additional Information

Kumaravel Rajakumar

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Phone: 412-692-5822

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place