Trial Outcomes & Findings for Aripiprazole Once-monthly Versus Paliperidone Palmitate in Adult Patients With Schizophrenia (NCT NCT01795547)

NCT ID: NCT01795547

Last Updated: 2017-03-17

Results Overview

The QLS is a clinician-rated scale designed to assess deficit symptoms of schizophrenia and functioning during the preceding 4 weeks. The QLS consists of 21 items in 4 domains: Interpersonal Relations (eight items), Instrumental Role (four items), Intrapsychic Foundations (seven items), and Common Objects and Activities (two items). Each item was rated on a 7-point scale, from 0 (severe impairment) to 6 (normal or unimpaired functioning). Definitions were provided for 4 anchor points of the 7 points. Each item had a brief description of the judgement to be made and a set of suggested probes for the clinician. The total score was calculated as the sum of all 21 items giving a range of 0 to 126, where the higher score indicated normal or unimpaired functioning.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE3

Target enrollment

295 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, Week 28

Results posted on

2017-03-17

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Aripiprazole
Aripiprazole and aripiprazole once-monthly: Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection. Oral tablets will be taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Additional injections every 4 weeks until Week 24
Paliperidone
Paliperidone and paliperidone palmitate: Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by paliperidone palmitate IM injections every 4 weeks with last dose at Week 24 according to SmPC/USPI
Overall Study
STARTED
148
147
Overall Study
COMPLETED
100
83
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
48
64

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Aripiprazole
Aripiprazole and aripiprazole once-monthly: Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection. Oral tablets will be taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Additional injections every 4 weeks until Week 24
Paliperidone
Paliperidone and paliperidone palmitate: Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by paliperidone palmitate IM injections every 4 weeks with last dose at Week 24 according to SmPC/USPI
Overall Study
Adverse Event
16
27
Overall Study
Lack of Efficacy
8
3
Overall Study
Protocol Violation
6
4
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
2
5
Overall Study
Withdrawal of consent
7
12
Overall Study
Not Treated
4
10
Overall Study
Non-compliance with IMP
1
1
Overall Study
Others
4
1
Overall Study
Not stated
0
1

Baseline Characteristics

Aripiprazole Once-monthly Versus Paliperidone Palmitate in Adult Patients With Schizophrenia

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Aripiprazole
n=148 Participants
Aripiprazole and aripiprazole once-monthly: Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection. Oral tablets will be taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Additional injections every 4 weeks until Week 24
Paliperidone
n=147 Participants
Paliperidone and paliperidone palmitate: Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by paliperidone palmitate IM injections every 4 weeks with last dose at Week 24 according to SmPC/USPI
Total
n=295 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
42.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.83 • n=93 Participants
41.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.87 • n=4 Participants
41.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.86 • n=27 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
59 Participants
n=93 Participants
59 Participants
n=4 Participants
118 Participants
n=27 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
89 Participants
n=93 Participants
88 Participants
n=4 Participants
177 Participants
n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=93 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants
n=93 Participants
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
4 Participants
n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=93 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
44 Participants
n=93 Participants
38 Participants
n=4 Participants
82 Participants
n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
102 Participants
n=93 Participants
102 Participants
n=4 Participants
204 Participants
n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=93 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=93 Participants
4 Participants
n=4 Participants
5 Participants
n=27 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Population: Effectiveness data is based on all patients who received study medicine, who had a valid baseline assessment, and at least 1 valid post-baseline assessment of the QLS (Full analysis set). Effectiveness was measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 16, and 28.

The QLS is a clinician-rated scale designed to assess deficit symptoms of schizophrenia and functioning during the preceding 4 weeks. The QLS consists of 21 items in 4 domains: Interpersonal Relations (eight items), Instrumental Role (four items), Intrapsychic Foundations (seven items), and Common Objects and Activities (two items). Each item was rated on a 7-point scale, from 0 (severe impairment) to 6 (normal or unimpaired functioning). Definitions were provided for 4 anchor points of the 7 points. Each item had a brief description of the judgement to be made and a set of suggested probes for the clinician. The total score was calculated as the sum of all 21 items giving a range of 0 to 126, where the higher score indicated normal or unimpaired functioning.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Aripiprazole
n=136 Participants
Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection at the end of Week 4. Oral tablets were taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Paliperidone
n=132 Participants
Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by 2 paliperidone palmitate IM injections at Weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Change From Baseline to Week 28 in Quality of Life Scale (QLS) Total Score
7.47 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.53
2.80 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.62

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 28

Population: Effectiveness data is based on all patients who received study medicine, who had a valid baseline assessment, and at least 1 valid post-baseline assessment of the QLS (Full analysis set). Effectiveness was measured at Weeks 4, 8, 16, and 28. Since the IAQ was assessed from week 4, the analysis was based on 133 and 131 patients

The IAQ is a clinician-rated scale designed to assess the relative effectiveness (efficacy, safety and tolerability) of antipsychotic medications in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The IAQ consists of 12 items: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, other efficacy symptoms, cognition, energy, mood, somnolence, weight gain, signs and symptoms of prolactin elevation, akathisia, EPS (other than akathisia) and other safety or tolerability issues. For each item, the current medication was compared with previous antipsychotic medication on a five-point scale from 1 (Much better) to 5 (Much worse), or that item is Not applicable. The sum of the 12 items ranged from 12 (the current medication was much better than previous antipsychotic medication) to 60 (the current medication was much worse than previous antipsychotic medication).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Aripiprazole
n=133 Participants
Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection at the end of Week 4. Oral tablets were taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Paliperidone
n=131 Participants
Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by 2 paliperidone palmitate IM injections at Weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Investigator's Assessment Questionnaire (IAQ) Total Score at Week 28
32.32 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.52
33.81 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.55

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Population: Effectiveness data is based on all patients who received study medicine, who had a valid baseline assessment, and at least 1 valid post-baseline assessment of the QLS (Full analysis set). Effectiveness was measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 16, and 28.

Clinical Global Impression - Severity of Illness (CGI-S) score provides the clinician's impression of the patient's current state of mental illness. The clinician uses his or her clinical experience of this patient population to rate the severity of the patient's current mental illness on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (normal - not at all ill) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Aripiprazole
n=136 Participants
Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection at the end of Week 4. Oral tablets were taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Paliperidone
n=132 Participants
Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by 2 paliperidone palmitate IM injections at Weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Change From Baseline to Week 28 in CGI-S Score
-0.75 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.07
-0.46 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.07

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Population: Effectiveness data is based on all patients who received study medicine, who had a valid baseline assessment, and at least 1 valid post-baseline assessment of the QLS (Full analysis set). Effectiveness was measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 16, and 28.

The QLS is a clinician-rated scale designed to assess deficit symptoms of schizophrenia and functioning during the preceding 4 weeks. The QLS consists of 21 items in 4 domains: Interpersonal Relations (eight items), Instrumental Role (four items), Intrapsychic Foundations (seven items), and Common Objects and Activities (two items). Each item was rated on a 7-point scale, from 0 (severe impairment) to 6 (normal or unimpaired functioning). The Common Objects and Activities domain score was calculated as the sum of 2 items (numbers 18 and 19) giving a range of 0 to 12, where the higher score indicated less unimpaired functioning.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Aripiprazole
n=136 Participants
Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection at the end of Week 4. Oral tablets were taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Paliperidone
n=132 Participants
Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by 2 paliperidone palmitate IM injections at Weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Change From Baseline to Week 28 in the 'Common Objects and Activities' QLS Domain Score
0.52 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.16
0.18 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.17

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Population: Effectiveness data is based on all patients who received study medicine, who had a valid baseline assessment, and at least 1 valid post-baseline assessment of the QLS (Full analysis set). Effectiveness was measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 16, and 28.

The QLS is a clinician-rated scale designed to assess deficit symptoms of schizophrenia and functioning during the preceding 4 weeks. The QLS consists of 21 items in 4 domains: Interpersonal Relations (eight items), Instrumental Role (four items), Intrapsychic Foundations (seven items), and Common Objects and Activities (two items). Each item was rated on a 7-point scale, from 0 (severe impairment) to 6 (normal or unimpaired functioning). The Intrapsychic Foundations domain score was calculated as the sum of 7 items (numbers 13 to 17 and 20 and 21) giving a range of 0 to 42, where the higher score indicated less unimpaired functioning.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Aripiprazole
n=136 Participants
Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection at the end of Week 4. Oral tablets were taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Paliperidone
n=132 Participants
Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by 2 paliperidone palmitate IM injections at Weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Change From Baseline to Week 28 in the 'Intrapsychic Foundations' QLS Domain Score
2.25 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.59
0.50 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.63

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Population: Effectiveness data is based on all patients who received study medicine, who had a valid baseline assessment, and at least 1 valid post-baseline assessment of the QLS (Full analysis set). Effectiveness was measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 16, and 28.

The QLS is a clinician-rated scale designed to assess deficit symptoms of schizophrenia and functioning during the preceding 4 weeks. The QLS consists of 21 items in 4 domains: Interpersonal Relations (eight items), Instrumental Role (four items), Intrapsychic Foundations (seven items), and Common Objects and Activities (two items). Each item was rated on a 7-point scale, from 0 (severe impairment) to 6 (normal or unimpaired functioning). The Interpersonal Relations domain score was calculated as the sum of 8 items (numbers 1 to 8) giving a range of 0 to 48, where the higher score indicated less unimpaired functioning.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Aripiprazole
n=136 Participants
Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection at the end of Week 4. Oral tablets were taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Paliperidone
n=132 Participants
Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by 2 paliperidone palmitate IM injections at Weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Change From Baseline to Week 28 in the 'Interpersonal Relations' QLS Domain Score
3.24 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.68
1.47 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.72

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Population: Effectiveness data is based on all patients who received study medicine, who had a valid baseline assessment, and at least 1 valid post-baseline assessment of the QLS (Full analysis set). Effectiveness was measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 16, and 28.

The QLS is a clinician-rated scale designed to assess deficit symptoms of schizophrenia and functioning during the preceding 4 weeks. The QLS consists of 21 items in 4 domains: Interpersonal Relations (eight items), Instrumental Role (four items), Intrapsychic Foundations (seven items), and Common Objects and Activities (two items). Each item was rated on a 7-point scale, from 0 (severe impairment) to 6 (normal or unimpaired functioning). The Instrumental Role domain score was calculated as the sum of 4 items (numbers 9 to 12) giving a range of 0 to 24, where the higher score indicated less unimpaired functioning.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Aripiprazole
n=136 Participants
Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection at the end of Week 4. Oral tablets were taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Paliperidone
n=132 Participants
Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by 2 paliperidone palmitate IM injections at Weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Change From Baseline to Week 28 in the 'Instrumental Role' QLS Domain Score
1.76 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.42
0.83 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.45

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Population: Effectiveness data is based on all patients who received study medicine, who had a valid baseline assessment, and at least 1 valid post-baseline assessment of the QLS (Full analysis set). Effectiveness was measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 16, and 28.

The SWN-S is a patient-rated scale designed to measure subjective effects of neuroleptic drugs to psychopathology, quality of life, and compliance over the past 7 days. The 20 items (10 positive and 10 negative statements) are grouped in 5 subscales (mental functioning, self-control, physical functioning, emotional regulation and social integration). Each subscale contains 4 items. Each item was rated on a six-point Likert scale, from not at all to very much. A score was calculated for each subscale, and the total score ranged from 20 to 120, where the higher score indicated better well-being.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Aripiprazole
n=136 Participants
Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection at the end of Week 4. Oral tablets were taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Paliperidone
n=132 Participants
Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by 2 paliperidone palmitate IM injections at Weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Change From Baseline to Week 28 in SWN-S Total Score
4.82 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.24
3.81 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.31

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 28

Population: Effectiveness data is based on all patients who received study medicine, who had a valid baseline assessment, and at least 1 valid post-baseline assessment of the QLS (Full analysis set). Effectiveness was measured at Weeks 0, 4, 8, 16, and 28.

Tolerability and Quality of Life (TooL) is a patient-rated scale developed to measure the impact of side-effects on the quality of life in patients treated with antipsychotic medication. The TooL consists of 8 domains: mood (worry-upset), function capabilities, fatigue-weakness, weight gain, stiffness-tremor, physical restlessness, sexual dysfunction, and dizziness-nausea. Each domain was rated on a four-point scale from 1 (no impact) to 4 (maximum impact). Total scores ranged from 8 (no impact) to 32 (maximum impact).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Aripiprazole
n=136 Participants
Oral aripiprazole tablets according to Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)/United States Prescription Information (USPI) daily for 4 weeks followed by the 1st aripiprazole intramuscular (IM) injection at the end of Week 4. Oral tablets were taken for 2 more weeks after the 1st injection. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Paliperidone
n=132 Participants
Oral paliperidone tablets according to SmPC/USPI daily for 3 weeks followed by 2 paliperidone palmitate IM injections at Weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Starting at the end of Week 8, additional injections were given every 4 weeks until Week 24.
Change From Baseline to Week 28 in the TooL Total Score
-1.75 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.30
-1.05 units on a scale
Standard Error 0.32

Adverse Events

ARIPIPRAZOLE

Serious events: 12 serious events
Other events: 64 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

PALIPERIDONE

Serious events: 10 serious events
Other events: 74 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
ARIPIPRAZOLE
n=144 participants at risk
Safety data is based on all patients who received study medicine.
PALIPERIDONE
n=137 participants at risk
Safety data is based on all patients who received study medicine.
Hepatobiliary disorders
Cirrhosis alcoholic
0.00%
0/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
0.73%
1/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Infections and infestations
Gastroenteritis viral
0.00%
0/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
0.73%
1/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Head injury
0.00%
0/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
0.73%
1/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Intentional overdose
0.69%
1/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
0.00%
0/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Nasopharyngeal cancer
0.00%
0/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
0.73%
1/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Psychiatric disorders
Psychotic disorder
3.5%
5/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
2.9%
4/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Psychiatric disorders
Schizophrenia
3.5%
5/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
0.73%
1/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Asthma
0.00%
0/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
0.73%
1/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Psychiatric disorders
Suividal ideation
0.69%
1/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
0.00%
0/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
ARIPIPRAZOLE
n=144 participants at risk
Safety data is based on all patients who received study medicine.
PALIPERIDONE
n=137 participants at risk
Safety data is based on all patients who received study medicine.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
2.1%
3/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
5.8%
8/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
General disorders
Fatigue
2.8%
4/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
5.1%
7/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
General disorders
Injection site pain
2.8%
4/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
8.0%
11/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Infections and infestations
Nasopharyngitis
4.2%
6/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
5.8%
8/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Accidental overdose
20.8%
30/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
9.5%
13/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Investigations
Weight increased
9.0%
13/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
13.9%
19/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Nervous system disorders
Akathisia
5.6%
8/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
4.4%
6/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Nervous system disorders
Dizziness
3.5%
5/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
8.8%
12/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Nervous system disorders
Headache
2.1%
3/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
8.0%
11/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Nervous system disorders
Somnolence
6.2%
9/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
5.8%
8/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Psychiatric disorders
Anxiety
5.6%
8/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
8.8%
12/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
Psychiatric disorders
Insomnia
11.8%
17/144 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)
12.4%
17/137 • First dose to end of study (32 weeks)

Additional Information

Study director

Email contact via H. Ludbeck A/S

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place