Trial Outcomes & Findings for Dairy Fat as a Mediator of Vitamin E Adequacy in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome (NCT NCT01787591)

NCT ID: NCT01787591

Last Updated: 2016-11-22

Results Overview

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

21 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h post test meal

Results posted on

2016-11-22

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Acute Fat-Free Milk Ingestion First
Participants ingested fat-free milk first and then the remaining three milks in a randomized order: low-fat milk, full-fat milk, and soy milk. Participants will ingest 1 cup of fat-free milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Fat-Free Milk: Fat-free milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Low-Fat Milk Ingestion First
Participants ingested low-free milk first and then the remaining three milks in a randomized order: fat-fat milk, full-fat milk, and soy milk. Participants will ingest 1 cup of low-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Low-Fat Milk: Low-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Full-Fat Milk Ingestion First
Participants ingested full-free milk first and then the remaining three milks in a randomized order: low-fat milk, low-fat milk, and soy milk. Participants will ingest 1 cup of full-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Full-Fat Milk: Full-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Soy Milk Ingestion First
Participants ingested soy milk first and then the remaining three milks in a randomized order: low-fat milk, full-fat milk, and fat-free milk. Participants will ingest 1 cup of soy milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Soy Milk: Soy milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Period 1 (Cross-over Arm 1)
STARTED
5
5
5
6
Period 1 (Cross-over Arm 1)
COMPLETED
5
5
5
5
Period 1 (Cross-over Arm 1)
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
0
1
Period 2 (Cross-over Arm 2)
STARTED
5
5
5
5
Period 2 (Cross-over Arm 2)
COMPLETED
5
5
5
5
Period 2 (Cross-over Arm 2)
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
0
0
Period 3 (Cross-over Arm 3)
STARTED
5
5
5
5
Period 3 (Cross-over Arm 3)
COMPLETED
5
5
5
5
Period 3 (Cross-over Arm 3)
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
0
0
Period 4 (Cross-over Arm 4)
STARTED
5
5
5
5
Period 4 (Cross-over Arm 4)
COMPLETED
5
5
5
5
Period 4 (Cross-over Arm 4)
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
0
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Acute Fat-Free Milk Ingestion First
Participants ingested fat-free milk first and then the remaining three milks in a randomized order: low-fat milk, full-fat milk, and soy milk. Participants will ingest 1 cup of fat-free milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Fat-Free Milk: Fat-free milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Low-Fat Milk Ingestion First
Participants ingested low-free milk first and then the remaining three milks in a randomized order: fat-fat milk, full-fat milk, and soy milk. Participants will ingest 1 cup of low-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Low-Fat Milk: Low-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Full-Fat Milk Ingestion First
Participants ingested full-free milk first and then the remaining three milks in a randomized order: low-fat milk, low-fat milk, and soy milk. Participants will ingest 1 cup of full-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Full-Fat Milk: Full-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Soy Milk Ingestion First
Participants ingested soy milk first and then the remaining three milks in a randomized order: low-fat milk, full-fat milk, and fat-free milk. Participants will ingest 1 cup of soy milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Soy Milk: Soy milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Period 1 (Cross-over Arm 1)
Withdrawal by Subject
0
0
0
1

Baseline Characteristics

Dairy Fat as a Mediator of Vitamin E Adequacy in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Healthy Participants
n=10 Participants
As a randomized crossover study design, participants were stratified by health status (healthy versus metabolic syndrome) and received fat-free milk, low-fat milk, full-fat milk, and soy milk in a randomized order.
Metabolic Syndrome Participants
n=10 Participants
As a randomized crossover study design, participants were stratified by health status (healthy versus metabolic syndrome) and received fat-free milk, low-fat milk, full-fat milk, and soy milk in a randomized order.
Total
n=20 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
30.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4 • n=93 Participants
32.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.1 • n=4 Participants
31.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7 • n=27 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
5 Participants
n=93 Participants
5 Participants
n=4 Participants
10 Participants
n=27 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
5 Participants
n=93 Participants
5 Participants
n=4 Participants
10 Participants
n=27 Participants
Body mass index
22.6 kg/m2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=93 Participants
37.7 kg/m2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.4 • n=4 Participants
30.2 kg/m2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.2 • n=27 Participants
Glucose
89.2 mg/dL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.2 • n=93 Participants
107.6 mg/dL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 • n=4 Participants
98.4 mg/dL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.9 • n=27 Participants
Systolic Blood Pressure
118.8 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.5 • n=93 Participants
128.2 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.6 • n=4 Participants
123.5 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.1 • n=27 Participants
Diastolic Blood Pressure
74.0 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.9 • n=93 Participants
79.0 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 • n=4 Participants
76.5 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.2 • n=27 Participants
Waist Circumference
75.2 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.5 • n=93 Participants
116.1 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.7 • n=4 Participants
95.7 cm
STANDARD_DEVIATION 27.0 • n=27 Participants
Triglyceride
82.0 mg/dL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 30.4 • n=93 Participants
152.7 mg/dL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 68.1 • n=4 Participants
117.4 mg/dL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 62.8 • n=27 Participants
HDL cholesterol
56.0 mg/dL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.9 • n=93 Participants
41.2 mg/dL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.8 • n=4 Participants
48.6 mg/dL
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.6 • n=27 Participants
alpha-tocopherol
4.54 umol/mmol lipid
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.85 • n=93 Participants
3.71 umol/mmol lipid
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.85 • n=4 Participants
4.13 umol/mmol lipid
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.93 • n=27 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h post test meal

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acute Fat-Free Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of fat-free milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Fat-Free Milk: Fat-free milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Low-Fat Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of low-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Low-Fat Milk: Low-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Full-Fat Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of full-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Full-Fat Milk: Full-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Soy Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants received 1 cup of soy milk with deuterium labeled alpha-tocopherol
Area Under the Curve 0-72 h (Deuterium Labeled Alpha-tocopherol)
Metabolic Syndrome Participants
86 umol/L x h
Standard Error 8
84 umol/L x h
Standard Error 7
81 umol/L x h
Standard Error 7
74 umol/L x h
Standard Error 11
Area Under the Curve 0-72 h (Deuterium Labeled Alpha-tocopherol)
Healthy Participants
103 umol/L x h
Standard Error 7
115 umol/L x h
Standard Error 8
102 umol/L x h
Standard Error 8
102 umol/L x h
Standard Error 5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-72 h post-meal

Maximal plasma concentration of deuterium labelled alpha-tocopherol

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acute Fat-Free Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of fat-free milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Fat-Free Milk: Fat-free milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Low-Fat Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of low-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Low-Fat Milk: Low-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Full-Fat Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of full-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Full-Fat Milk: Full-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Soy Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants received 1 cup of soy milk with deuterium labeled alpha-tocopherol
Cmax
Healthy
2.67 umol/L
Standard Error 0.2
2.98 umol/L
Standard Error 0.18
2.55 umol/L
Standard Error 0.21
2.67 umol/L
Standard Error 0.13
Cmax
Metabolic Syndrome
2.14 umol/L
Standard Error 0.2
2.01 umol/L
Standard Error 0.19
1.98 umol/L
Standard Error 0.16
1.88 umol/L
Standard Error 0.27

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-72 h post-meal

Time to maximal plasma concentration of deuterium labelled alpha-tocopherol

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acute Fat-Free Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of fat-free milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Fat-Free Milk: Fat-free milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Low-Fat Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of low-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Low-Fat Milk: Low-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Full-Fat Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of full-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Full-Fat Milk: Full-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Soy Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants received 1 cup of soy milk with deuterium labeled alpha-tocopherol
Tmax
Metabolic Syndrome
12 h
Standard Error 0
12 h
Standard Error 0
12 h
Standard Error 0
12 h
Standard Error 0
Tmax
Healthy
12 h
Standard Error 0
12 h
Standard Error 0
13.2 h
Standard Error 1.2
12 h
Standard Error 0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-72 h post-meal

Rate of plasma elimination of deuterium labelled alpha-tocopherol

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acute Fat-Free Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of fat-free milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Fat-Free Milk: Fat-free milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Low-Fat Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of low-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Low-Fat Milk: Low-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Full-Fat Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of full-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Full-Fat Milk: Full-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Soy Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants received 1 cup of soy milk with deuterium labeled alpha-tocopherol
Elimination Rate
Healthy
0.022 mmol/L/h
Standard Error 0.001
0.024 mmol/L/h
Standard Error 0.001
0.023 mmol/L/h
Standard Error 0.001
0.023 mmol/L/h
Standard Error 0.001
Elimination Rate
Metabolic Syndrome
0.019 mmol/L/h
Standard Error 0.001
0.020 mmol/L/h
Standard Error 0.001
0.021 mmol/L/h
Standard Error 0.001
0.022 mmol/L/h
Standard Error 0.001

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 0-72 h post-meal

Absorption of deuterium labelled alpha-tocopherol

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acute Fat-Free Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of fat-free milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Fat-Free Milk: Fat-free milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Low-Fat Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of low-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Low-Fat Milk: Low-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Full-Fat Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants will ingest 1 cup of full-fat milk with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol. Full-Fat Milk: Full-fat milk ingestion with 15 mg deuterium-labeled alpha-tocopherol.
Acute Soy Milk Ingestion
n=20 Participants
Participants received 1 cup of soy milk with deuterium labeled alpha-tocopherol
Estimated Absorption (% Dose)
Healthy
27.8 % dose
Standard Error 1.4
32.4 % dose
Standard Error 1.6
28.4 % dose
Standard Error 1.3
28.1 % dose
Standard Error 0.88
Estimated Absorption (% Dose)
Metabolic Syndrome
26.6 % dose
Standard Error 1.8
26.0 % dose
Standard Error 2.5
25.6 % dose
Standard Error 1.9
24.62 % dose
Standard Error 2.72

Adverse Events

Acute Fat-Free Milk Ingestion

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Acute Low-Fat Milk Ingestion

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Acute Full-Fat Milk Ingestion

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Acute Soy Milk Ingestion

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Richard S. Bruno, PhD, RD

The Ohio State University

Phone: 614-292-1698

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place