Comparing Acupuncture, BioModulator, and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Symptomatic Treatment of Chronic Pain.

NCT ID: NCT01752010

Last Updated: 2015-05-19

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 98 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2010-05-31
• Study Completion Date: 2014-04-30

Brief Summary

The primary objective of this preliminary study is to compare the Tennant BioModulator with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Traditional Chinese Acupuncture for the management of chronic pain among injured service members. The secondary objective is to investigate any associative effects or benefits on sleep, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, or depression.

Conditions

Chronic Pain; Depression; PTSD Symptoms; Sleep

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Acupuncture Treatment

Traditional Chinese acupuncture.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Traditional Chinese Acupuncture

Intervention Type: OTHER

Treatment will be performed by an experienced provider, and may include insertion of sterile 32-gage (0.25mm) acupuncture needles on any part of the body that can be needled while the subject is lying prone with their head in a face cradle. The needles are usually retained for 20-30 minutes along various meridian points identified by the practitioner as being "blocked." Needles will be inserted to the depth typically recommended for the particular point of concern; generally 1 to 3cm. There are no constraints on the number of needles used. Acupuncture points are points of lower resistance and higher electrical conductance than the surrounding tissue. Placing the acupuncture needles into points identified as blocked is believed to help restore the flow of energy and stimulates the release of endorphins. The subject's level of pain is assessed on a 0-10 pain scale. Thirty minute acupuncture treatments will be given by the provider once a week for 6 weeks at the pain clinic.

Tennant™ Biomodulator Treatment

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Tennant™ Biomodulator Treatment

Intervention Type: DEVICE

An FDA-approved Tennant™ 650 BioModulator will be used to deliver electrical stimulation. The device will be applied directly on top of the subject's area of pain for one minute; power is adjusted until the subject feels a slight tingle. Random variations of pulse amplitude are set from zero to a chosen comfort limit. A feedback mechanism is provided by the constant monitoring of skin impedance. The device is then pressed onto the site of pain and rotated counter-clockwise. After a minute, the device is placed on the opposite side of the pain site and the procedure repeated. The subject's level of pain is assessed on a 0-10 pain scale. At no time is the level of electrical stimulation allowed to cause sustained pain. The subject will receive a weekly 15 minute visit that includes a treatment provided by the pain provider. The provider will teach the subject how to use the machine by themselves and instruct the subject to use the machine twice a day on their own during the study.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) Treatment

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) Treatment

Intervention Type: DEVICE

An FDA-approved Empi™ TENS unit will be used to deliver the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The low frequency TENS unit will be applied to the subject's area of pain by the use of four integrated self-adhering 5x5 cm electrodes. The electrodes will be positioned at a distance of 3 cm and centered over the area that is most painful. The device rapidly delivers therapeutic electrical currents at various frequencies off and on 150 times a second. The subject's level of pain is assessed on a 0-10 pain scale. At no time is the level of electrical stimulation allowed to cause sustained pain. The subject will receive a weekly 15 minute visit that includes a treatment provided by the pain provider. The provider will teach the subject how to use the machine by themselves and instruct the subject to use the machine twice a day on their own during the study.

Interventions

Traditional Chinese Acupuncture

Treatment will be performed by an experienced provider, and may include insertion of sterile 32-gage (0.25mm) acupuncture needles on any part of the body that can be needled while the subject is lying prone with their head in a face cradle. The needles are usually retained for 20-30 minutes along various meridian points identified by the practitioner as being "blocked." Needles will be inserted to the depth typically recommended for the particular point of concern; generally 1 to 3cm. There are no constraints on the number of needles used. Acupuncture points are points of lower resistance and higher electrical conductance than the surrounding tissue. Placing the acupuncture needles into points identified as blocked is believed to help restore the flow of energy and stimulates the release of endorphins. The subject's level of pain is assessed on a 0-10 pain scale. Thirty minute acupuncture treatments will be given by the provider once a week for 6 weeks at the pain clinic.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Tennant™ Biomodulator Treatment

An FDA-approved Tennant™ 650 BioModulator will be used to deliver electrical stimulation. The device will be applied directly on top of the subject's area of pain for one minute; power is adjusted until the subject feels a slight tingle. Random variations of pulse amplitude are set from zero to a chosen comfort limit. A feedback mechanism is provided by the constant monitoring of skin impedance. The device is then pressed onto the site of pain and rotated counter-clockwise. After a minute, the device is placed on the opposite side of the pain site and the procedure repeated. The subject's level of pain is assessed on a 0-10 pain scale. At no time is the level of electrical stimulation allowed to cause sustained pain. The subject will receive a weekly 15 minute visit that includes a treatment provided by the pain provider. The provider will teach the subject how to use the machine by themselves and instruct the subject to use the machine twice a day on their own during the study.

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) Treatment

An FDA-approved Empi™ TENS unit will be used to deliver the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The low frequency TENS unit will be applied to the subject's area of pain by the use of four integrated self-adhering 5x5 cm electrodes. The electrodes will be positioned at a distance of 3 cm and centered over the area that is most painful. The device rapidly delivers therapeutic electrical currents at various frequencies off and on 150 times a second. The subject's level of pain is assessed on a 0-10 pain scale. At no time is the level of electrical stimulation allowed to cause sustained pain. The subject will receive a weekly 15 minute visit that includes a treatment provided by the pain provider. The provider will teach the subject how to use the machine by themselves and instruct the subject to use the machine twice a day on their own during the study.

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Subjects must be Injured service members between the ages of 18 and 60, inclusive;
• The pain must have been present for 3 months or greater prior to entry into the study;
• Subjects must agree to follow the medication regime as directed by the pain clinic provider for the duration of the study;
• Subjects must be able to speak and read English and understand study procedures

Exclusion Criteria

• Epilepsy
• Pregnancy, or considering pregnancy within the study time-frame
• Pacemaker
• History of cardiac arrhythmias
• Implantable devices (AICD, pump, etc.)
• Surgical intervention during the past month for the treatment of low back pain or its underlying etiology
• Documented history of prescription medication abuse
• Abuse of illicit drugs within the last 6 months
• Participation in a clinical trial for an investigational drug and/or agent within 30 days prior to screening

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 60 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Samueli Institute for Information Biology

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Michael Schlicher, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Brooke Army Medical Center

Locations

Brooke Army Medical Center

Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States

Countries

United States

References

Peacock KS, Stoerkel E, Libretto S, Zhang W, Inman A, Schlicher M, Cowsar JD Jr, Eddie D, Walter J. A randomized trial comparing the Tennant Biomodulator to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and traditional Chinese acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pain in military service members. Mil Med Res. 2019 Dec 2;6(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s40779-019-0227-4.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 31791416 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

C.2009.098

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id