Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

NCT ID: NCT01741181

Last Updated: 2014-11-18

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE4
• Total Enrollment: 64 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2012-09-30
• Study Completion Date: 2014-11-30

Brief Summary

Background and Objectives :

The presence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aim to see whether supplementation of vitamin D in these patients helps to improve the endothelial function (EF) a surrogate marker of CVD risk.

Hypothesis: Vitamin D supplementation in patients with T2DM and low serum 25(OH) D concentrations (<30ng/ml) will improve EF as measured by the Endo-PAT machine by 0.4 units (30% improvement over baseline) and/or will result in a increase of EPCs (CD133+/KDR+) and CD45dim CD34+/KDR.

The investigators will test this hypothesis by comparing 2 groups of T2DM patients randomized to placebo or vitamin D3 for 16 weeks.

Methods:

This is a 16 weeks trial in which 120 T2DM patients will be screened with the aim to recruit 60 T2DM patients with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Out of these 60 patients , 30 patients will be started on vitamin D supplementation and 30 patients will be given a matched placebo. Endothelial function (EF) will be checked before and after supplementation to see a change in EF.

Significance of Project:

If this study shows a significant improvement of EF, it would justify larger scale studies to show that vitamin D supplementation in patients with T2DM mitigates CVD risk and vitamin D supplementation in patients with T2DM and vitamin D deficiency to improve CVD risk.

Detailed Description

Overall Aims: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly more prevalent in Singapore and is a high cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factor (1,2). The presence of low serum 25(OH)D concentrations (<30ng/ml) has also been classified as an independent predictor of CVD(3,4) and has been seen to be more prevalent in T2DM (5-7). We aim to see whether replacement with vitamin D in these patients helps to mitigate CVD risk. Since endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest manifestations of CVD and is a very robust surrogate marker, we aim to measure the endothelial function (EF) before and after vitamin D supplementation to evaluate for beneficial impact on this endpoint.

Specific Aims: Although, there are some small scale studies done with a single high dose replacement of vitamin D2/D3, no studies have been done using regular daily supplementation with vitamin D3 and with measurement of EF using the Endo-PAT machine or measurement of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).We are doing this pilot study to see whether replacement with vitamin D results in an improvement of EF as measured using the Endo-PAT and estimation of EPCs and some biomarkers as independent established surrogate markers of CVD risk. The estimation of endothelial progenitor cells has been proposed as a surrogate marker of vascular dysfunction and is known to be reduced in patients with cardiovascular risk factors (8). The no. of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial microparticles have been seen to be elevated in patients with cardiovascular risk factors and DM and has also been proposed as a effective surrogate marker. We aim to quantify the no. of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) staining positive for CD133+/KDR (kinase insert domain-containing receptor),CD34+/KDR and CD45dim CD34+/KDR , CECs (CD 146+/CD45- ) and EMPs derived from endothelial progenitors (CD45-/CD146+/CD34+/CD117+) and from mature endothelial cells (CD45-/CD146+/CD34+/CD117-).using flow cytometry.

Primary Hypothesis:

Vitamin D supplementation in patients with T2DM and low serum 25(OH) D concentrations (<30ng/ml) will improve EF as measured by the Endo-PAT machine by 0.4 units (30% improvement over baseline) and/or will result in a increase of EPCs (CD133+/KDR+) and CD45dim CD34+/KDR. The investigators will test this hypothesis by comparing 2 groups of T2DM patients randomized to placebo or vitamin D3 for 16 weeks.

Secondary Objectives:

To explore the prevalence of low serum 25(OH) D concentrations (<30ng/ml) in T2DM patients and evaluate the difference in the EF in the two groups. To see whether vitamin D supplementation helps to further improve other parameters such as biomarkers, blood pressure, BMI, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), lipid profile of T2DM patients.

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Vitamin D Deficiency

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: PREVENTION
• Blinding Strategy: QUADRUPLE

Study Groups

Vitamin D supplementation

Vitamin D3 tablets (cholecalciferol)

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Vitamin D supplementation

Intervention Type: DRUG

Vitamin D3 marketed by oneNine57

Placebo pill

Placebo pill

Group Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo Pill

Intervention Type: DRUG

Placebo pill supplied by oneNine 57 imported to Singapore with approval and import licence from HSA.

Interventions

Vitamin D supplementation

Vitamin D3 marketed by oneNine57

Intervention Type: DRUG

Placebo Pill

Placebo pill supplied by oneNine 57 imported to Singapore with approval and import licence from HSA.

Intervention Type: DRUG

Other Intervention Names

Vitamin D3-Cholecalciferol 1000units per tablet.; Placebo

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• HbA1c : 6.0-10.0%
• Male of female aged 21-80 years
• Stable Diabetes, blood pressure and hyperlipidemia medications (a 25% dose adjustment is allowed) in the last three months
• Baseline serum 25(0H)D concentration <30ng/ml for randomisation

Exclusion Criteria

• Baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration >30ng/ml
• Baseline HbA1c>10.1%
• Baseline hypercalcemia (Ca>2.58 mmol/L)
• Known case of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
• Known to be on bisphosphonates
• Known to be on Vitamin D supplementation of 1000 units daily or more in the last one year.
• Chronic renal failure with eGFR<30ml/min
• Known to have cirrhosis of the liver or transaminitis with ALT/AST >3X ULN
• Patients with h/o sarcoidosis, renal calculi or any malignancy
• Patients on current treatment for tuberculosis
• Pregnancy and Lactation
• Women of childbearing potential not taking effective contraceptive measures.
• Patients on long term glucocorticoids or anti-retroviral drugs
• Patients on orlistat or other over the counter preparations that claim to block fat absorption.
• A change in the type of medications for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia in the last three months
• Patients who have undergone any form of bariatric surgery
• Patients known to have any malabsorption disorders
• Patients known to have osteoporosis or of baseline BMD scan shows osteoporosis as T score <-2.5SD (for randomisation)

• Minimum Eligible Age: 21 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 80 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

National Healthcare Group, Singapore

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Tan Tock Seng Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Rinkoo Dalan

Consultant

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Rinkoo Dalan, MBBS, FRCP

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Tan Tock Seng Hospital

Locations

Tan Tock Seng Hospital

Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Countries

Singapore

Other Identifiers

DIMENSION-03

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id