Study Results
Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.
View full resultsBasic Information
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ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
14966 participants
OBSERVATIONAL
2011-10-31
2028-10-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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A random sample (male and female, age 6 - 80 years) of Vienna inhabitants (urban cohort) and all the inhabitants of six villages from Lower Austria (rural cohort) were invited to participate. Participants are followed up every four years. A number of investigations and measurements are obtained in each of the four domains of the study (Lung, hEart, sociAl, boDy), as briefly discussed below.
Lung Domain: Lung function measures include pre- and post-bronchodilation spirometry and static lung volumes, effort-independent measures of oscillatory resistance, and carbon monoxide lung diffusing capacity (DLCO). Measurements are obtained according to international recommendations, and reference values correspond to those of the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI). Smoking history and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are recorded. History of respiratory diseases, allergies, and related medications from the individual and spouses, as well as respiratory symptoms, are collected using a questionnaire.
Heart Domain: Cardiovascular measurements include arterial blood pressure, automated electrocardiogram, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and blood pressure measurements at both the upper and lower extremities. History of cardiovascular diseases and events, as well as related medications, are collected using a questionnaire.
Social Domain: Socioeconomic status (income, education, occupation) of the individual or parents/legal representative (if underage) is collected. To study the presence of neuropsychiatric diseases such as anxiety, depression, and impaired cognitive function, standardized questionnaires and test modules are used.
Body Domain: To determine the presence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome, we measure fasting glucose in peripheral venous blood, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass, fat-free mass, blood lipid profiles, and blood pressure. The presence of osteoporosis is determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. History of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and osteoporosis, as well as related medications from the individual, are collected using a questionnaire.
Blood and urine samples are analyzed for routine clinical measurements and stored in a biobank for future investigations.
All measurements are performed at the LEAD study center of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health at the Otto Wagner Hospital in Vienna, Austria.
This health examination will be the first investigation in Austria providing information about the respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic health and relevant comorbidities in a longitudinal approach.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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COHORT
PROSPECTIVE
Study Groups
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Reference Population
No Intervention
As the LEAD study is an observational cohort study, there is no intervention to report.
As the LEAD study is an observational cohort study, there is no intervention to report.
Interventions
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As the LEAD study is an observational cohort study, there is no intervention to report.
As the LEAD study is an observational cohort study, there is no intervention to report.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Age 6 - 80 years,
* Invitation by study invitation letter
Exclusion Criteria
* pregnancy
6 Years
80 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Principal Investigators
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Robab Breyer-Kohansal, Prof. Dr.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
Marie-Kathrin Breyer, Prof. Dr
Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Vienna, Austria
Locations
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The LEAD Study Center
Vienna, , Austria
Countries
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References
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Dal Grande A, Van Herck M, Breyer-Kohansal R, Mraz T, Karimi A, Azizzadeh M, Hartl S, Burghuber OC, Wouters EFM, Kautzky-Willer A, Schiffers C, Breyer MK. Incidence of Prediabetes and Diabetes in a European Longitudinal General Population Cohort and Its Associated Factors-Results From the Austrian LEAD Study. J Diabetes Res. 2025 Apr 22;2025:5540276. doi: 10.1155/jdr/5540276. eCollection 2025.
Kolli F, Breyer MK, Hartl S, Burghuber O, Wouters EFM, Sigsgaard T, Pohl W, Kohlbock G, Breyer-Kohansal R. Aero-Allergen Sensitization in the General Population: Longitudinal Analyses of the LEAD (Lung Heart Social Body) Study. J Asthma Allergy. 2022 Apr 11;15:461-473. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S349614. eCollection 2022.
Breyer-Kohansal R, Hartl S, Burghuber OC, Urban M, Schrott A, Agusti A, Sigsgaard T, Vogelmeier C, Wouters E, Studnicka M, Breyer MK. The LEAD (Lung, Heart, Social, Body) Study: Objectives, Methodology, and External Validity of the Population-Based Cohort Study. J Epidemiol. 2019 Aug 5;29(8):315-324. doi: 10.2188/jea.JE20180039. Epub 2018 Oct 20.
Related Links
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Homepage of the Austrian LEAD Study for participants and researchers
Link to the Study profile; published in 2019
Homepage of Ludwig Bultzmann Institute for lung health
Other Identifiers
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LEAD1
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id