Study Results
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View full resultsBasic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
101 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2012-09-30
2013-10-31
Brief Summary
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The goal of this proposal is to test the efficacy of the cooling device in achieving the target temperatures in patients with moderate to severe HIE during transport when compared with current practices.
Detailed Description
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Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a major cause of death and severe disability despite advances in neonatal and perinatal medicine. Therapeutic hypothermia is the single most promising intervention for HIE. Reduction of brain temperature by 2° to 5°C has shown to be neuroprotective in newborn and adult animal models of brain ischemia. Therapeutic hypothermia instituted within 6 hours of birth has been shown to significantly improve survival and neurodevelopmental outcome in term newborns with HIE. Hypothermia is most effective if begun during the latent period, before secondary energy failure. It is not known whether cooling initiated after 6 hours of age is effective. Animal studies have shown that the sooner the initiation of cooling, the better the outcome. They have also suggested that the latent period may be shorter with a more severe insult. Cooling should be initiated as soon as possible, preferably within 2 hours and not later than 6 hours. There have been six large randomized clinical trials supporting the efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia for HIE and it is now the standard of care in the U.S. and internationally.
Once a patient qualifies for cooling, whole body cooling or selective head cooling is initiated. However, most birth hospitals do not have the ability to provide therapeutic hypothermia; thus, patients must be transported to Level 3 NICUs specially equipped to provide this therapy. As there is a limited therapeutic window for induction of hypothermia, it would be ideal to initiate therapeutic hypothermia as soon as the patient qualifies for cooling therapy. If cooling is initiated at the birth hospital, neuroprotective temperatures can be achieved several hours prior to arrival in the cooling center.
At this time patients cooled in transport receive passive cooling (turning off the active warming devices such as the transport isolette) or active cooling (ice packs placed around the baby). These practices have been shown to present a significant risk for over-cooling and under-cooling. The risks associated with excessive cooling include bradycardia, cardiac arrest, and coagulation disturbances. Undercooling likely results in reduced efficacy of the neuroprotective effects provided by therapeutic hypothermia.
Primary and secondary endpoints Primary end point: The percentage of temperatures in the target range (33°-34°C) both within and between enrolled infants after cooling initiation by the transport team.
Secondary end point: Time to the target temperature range (33°-34°C), percentage of newborns in target temperature range one hour after cooling initiation by transport team, and temperature ranges.
Study Design The proposed California Transport Cooling Trial (CTCT) is a prospective randomized multi-center clinical trial to be conducted by nine transport teams based at level III NICUs in California who perform therapeutic hypothermia for HIE. The on-call neonatologist at the participating cooling center will determine if the infant qualifies for cooling. Infants greater than or equal to 35 weeks and less than six hours of age who are being transported to a cooling center will be eligible. The transport team will randomize the infant to either cooling as per center practice (Arm 1) or device-regulated cooling (Arm 2). Subjects in Arm 1 will receive passive or active cooling as per center practice with rectal temperatures being recorded every 15 minutes. Subjects in Arm 2 will be placed on cooling blanket connected to the Tecotherm Neo. Temperature will be monitored continuously and servo-regulated using a rectal temperature probe. Pertinent clinical data will be collected using CPQCC/CPeTS data forms and CTCT data forms. Temperatures from initiation of cooling until admission to the cooling center will be analyzed for percentage of temperatures in the target range after cooling initiation by the transport team, time to target temperature range, percentage of newborns in the target temperature range 1 hour after cooling initiation by the transport team, and temperature ranges. ANOVA method will be used to compare the temperature ranges across arms. Cox proportional hazard model will be used to compare time to target temperature. Safety outcomes will be compared using standard logistic regression.
Study Methods Subjects assigned to Arm 1 will be cooled as per the usual center practice with recording of rectal temperatures every 15 minutes. Arm 2 subjects will be cooled using a portable servo-regulated cooling device using a rectal probe. Temperatures will be stored on the memory card every minute. No PHI will be stored in the cooling device. Data will be downloaded from the device at the conclusion of the transport.
Sample Size and Estimated Study Duration Power calculations for this study were based on anticipated 140 patients requiring initiation of therapeutic hypothermia by nine transport teams over a period of one year. A 70% consent rate and 50 patients per arm will provide 90% power to detect 30% absolute difference in the percentage of temperatures in the target range assuming a standard deviation for percentage of temperature in the target range of 45% based on the Kendall study, published in Archives of Diseases of Childhood in 2010. All analyses will adjust for center and will be two-sided and conducted at the 0.05 level of significance.
We estimate that patient enrollment will take approximately one year. Data analysis, manuscript preparation, and submission will be completed within 6 months of completion of enrollment.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
TREATMENT
NONE
Study Groups
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Control (standard practice)
Subjects in Arm 1 will receive passive or active cooling as per center practice with rectal temperatures being recorded every 15 minutes.
Control (standard practice)
Subjects in Arm 1 will receive passive or active cooling as per center practice with rectal temperatures being recorded every 15 minutes.
Device (servo-regulated cooling)
Subjects in Arm 2 will be placed on cooling blanket connected to the Tecotherm Neo (Inspiration Healthcare LTD UK). Temperature will be monitored continuously and servo-regulated using a rectal temperature probe.
Device (servo-regulated cooling)
Subjects in Arm 2 will be placed on cooling blanket connected to the Tecotherm Neo (Inspiration Healthcare LTD UK). Temperature will be monitored continuously and servo-regulated using a rectal temperature probe.
Interventions
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Device (servo-regulated cooling)
Subjects in Arm 2 will be placed on cooling blanket connected to the Tecotherm Neo (Inspiration Healthcare LTD UK). Temperature will be monitored continuously and servo-regulated using a rectal temperature probe.
Control (standard practice)
Subjects in Arm 1 will receive passive or active cooling as per center practice with rectal temperatures being recorded every 15 minutes.
Other Intervention Names
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Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
* Decision to not provide full intensive care
* Refusal to consent
6 Hours
ALL
No
Sponsors
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Inspiration Healthcare
OTHER
Stanford University
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Krisa P Van Meurs
Professor of Pediatrics
Principal Investigators
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Krisa Van Meurs, M.D.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
Stanford University
Locations
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Loma Linda University Children's Hospital
Loma Linda, California, United States
Children's Hospital Central California
Madera, California, United States
Children's Hospital & Research Center
Oakland, California, United States
Kaiser Permanente Oakland/Walnut Creek
Oakland, California, United States
Stanford University
Palo Alto, California, United States
Sutter Medical Center
Sacramento, California, United States
Rady Childrens Hospital
San Diego, California, United States
University of California San Francisco Medical Center
San Francisco, California, United States
Santa Clara Valley Medical Center
San Jose, California, United States
Countries
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References
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Gunn AJ, Gunn TR, de Haan HH, Williams CE, Gluckman PD. Dramatic neuronal rescue with prolonged selective head cooling after ischemia in fetal lambs. J Clin Invest. 1997 Jan 15;99(2):248-56. doi: 10.1172/JCI119153.
Vannucci RC, Perlman JM. Interventions for perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics. 1997 Dec;100(6):1004-14. doi: 10.1542/peds.100.6.1004. No abstract available.
Gluckman PD, Williams CE. When and why do brain cells die? Dev Med Child Neurol. 1992 Nov;34(11):1010-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1992.tb11407.x. No abstract available.
Iwata O, Iwata S, Thornton JS, De Vita E, Bainbridge A, Herbert L, Scaravilli F, Peebles D, Wyatt JS, Cady EB, Robertson NJ. "Therapeutic time window" duration decreases with increasing severity of cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia under normothermia and delayed hypothermia in newborn piglets. Brain Res. 2007 Jun 18;1154:173-80. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.083. Epub 2007 Apr 1.
Gluckman PD, Wyatt JS, Azzopardi D, Ballard R, Edwards AD, Ferriero DM, Polin RA, Robertson CM, Thoresen M, Whitelaw A, Gunn AJ. Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy: multicentre randomised trial. Lancet. 2005 Feb 19-25;365(9460):663-70. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17946-X.
Eicher DJ, Wagner CL, Katikaneni LP, Hulsey TC, Bass WT, Kaufman DA, Horgan MJ, Languani S, Bhatia JJ, Givelichian LM, Sankaran K, Yager JY. Moderate hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy: efficacy outcomes. Pediatr Neurol. 2005 Jan;32(1):11-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.06.014.
Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Ehrenkranz RA, Tyson JE, McDonald SA, Donovan EF, Fanaroff AA, Poole WK, Wright LL, Higgins RD, Finer NN, Carlo WA, Duara S, Oh W, Cotten CM, Stevenson DK, Stoll BJ, Lemons JA, Guillet R, Jobe AH; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Whole-body hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 13;353(15):1574-84. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcps050929.
Azzopardi DV, Strohm B, Edwards AD, Dyet L, Halliday HL, Juszczak E, Kapellou O, Levene M, Marlow N, Porter E, Thoresen M, Whitelaw A, Brocklehurst P; TOBY Study Group. Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 1;361(14):1349-58. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0900854.
Simbruner G, Mittal RA, Rohlmann F, Muche R; neo.nEURO.network Trial Participants. Systemic hypothermia after neonatal encephalopathy: outcomes of neo.nEURO.network RCT. Pediatrics. 2010 Oct;126(4):e771-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2441. Epub 2010 Sep 20.
Jacobs SE, Morley CJ, Inder TE, Stewart MJ, Smith KR, McNamara PJ, Wright IM, Kirpalani HM, Darlow BA, Doyle LW; Infant Cooling Evaluation Collaboration. Whole-body hypothermia for term and near-term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011 Aug;165(8):692-700. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.43. Epub 2011 Apr 4.
Fairchild K, Sokora D, Scott J, Zanelli S. Therapeutic hypothermia on neonatal transport: 4-year experience in a single NICU. J Perinatol. 2010 May;30(5):324-9. doi: 10.1038/jp.2009.168. Epub 2009 Oct 22.
Hallberg B, Olson L, Bartocci M, Edqvist I, Blennow M. Passive induction of hypothermia during transport of asphyxiated infants: a risk of excessive cooling. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Jun;98(6):942-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01303.x.
Akula VP, Davis AS, Gould JB, Van Meurs K. Therapeutic hypothermia during neonatal transport: current practices in California. Am J Perinatol. 2012 May;29(5):319-26. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1295661. Epub 2011 Dec 5.
Kendall GS, Kapetanakis A, Ratnavel N, Azzopardi D, Robertson NJ; Cooling on Retrieval Study Group. Passive cooling for initiation of therapeutic hypothermia in neonatal encephalopathy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2010 Nov;95(6):F408-12. doi: 10.1136/adc.2010.187211. Epub 2010 Sep 24.
Akula VP, Gould JB, Davis AS, Hackel A, Oehlert J, Van Meurs KP. Therapeutic hypothermia during neonatal transport: data from the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC) and California Perinatal Transport System (CPeTS) for 2010. J Perinatol. 2013 Mar;33(3):194-7. doi: 10.1038/jp.2012.144. Epub 2012 Dec 6.
Akula VP, Joe P, Thusu K, Davis AS, Tamaresis JS, Kim S, Shimotake TK, Butler S, Honold J, Kuzniewicz M, DeSandre G, Bennett M, Gould J, Wallenstein MB, Van Meurs K. A randomized clinical trial of therapeutic hypothermia mode during transport for neonatal encephalopathy. J Pediatr. 2015 Apr;166(4):856-61.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.061. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
Other Identifiers
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22993
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id