Trial Outcomes & Findings for Imaging Stimulant and Non Stimulant Treatments for ADHD: A Network Based Approach (NCT NCT01678209)

NCT ID: NCT01678209

Last Updated: 2020-07-24

Results Overview

Comparison of Go-Nogo at 6 weeks from baseline. Performance on a go-nogo task inside the scanner (fMRI). In the go/no-go task, participants respond to certain stimuli ("go" stimuli) and make no response for others ("no-go" stimuli).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE4

Target enrollment

127 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline and at 6 weeks

Results posted on

2020-07-24

Participant Flow

Recruitment: 8/10/2012 - 4/30/17; Roll Over Year: 5/1/17 - 4/30/18; Youth with ADHD and Healthy Controls recruited from the community and clinics at Mount Sinai.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Control Group fMRI Scans Only
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Overall Study
STARTED
47
40
40
Overall Study
COMPLETED
30
22
22
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
17
18
18

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Control Group fMRI Scans Only
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Overall Study
could not scan twice
1
1
1
Overall Study
scheduling conflicts
0
0
1
Overall Study
screen fail
16
17
16

Baseline Characteristics

Imaging Stimulant and Non Stimulant Treatments for ADHD: A Network Based Approach

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Control Group fMRI Scans Only
n=47 Participants
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
n=22 Participants
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
n=22 Participants
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Total
n=91 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
13 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 • n=93 Participants
10 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.02 • n=4 Participants
12 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.86 • n=27 Participants
11 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3 • n=483 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
15 Participants
n=93 Participants
6 Participants
n=4 Participants
6 Participants
n=27 Participants
27 Participants
n=483 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
32 Participants
n=93 Participants
16 Participants
n=4 Participants
16 Participants
n=27 Participants
64 Participants
n=483 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
15 Participants
n=93 Participants
14 Participants
n=4 Participants
11 Participants
n=27 Participants
40 Participants
n=483 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
32 Participants
n=93 Participants
8 Participants
n=4 Participants
11 Participants
n=27 Participants
51 Participants
n=483 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=93 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
0 Participants
n=483 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=93 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
0 Participants
n=483 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
2 Participants
n=93 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
1 Participants
n=27 Participants
4 Participants
n=483 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=93 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
0 Participants
n=483 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
16 Participants
n=93 Participants
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
6 Participants
n=27 Participants
25 Participants
n=483 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
12 Participants
n=93 Participants
4 Participants
n=4 Participants
3 Participants
n=27 Participants
19 Participants
n=483 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
16 Participants
n=93 Participants
14 Participants
n=4 Participants
12 Participants
n=27 Participants
42 Participants
n=483 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=93 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=27 Participants
1 Participants
n=483 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and at 6 weeks

Population: All participants in control group including the one subject who could not be scanned twice included in data analysis for the 6 weeks visit. Thirty-one (N=31) controls were scanned twice for this project, but the second scan data for 1 subject was excluded from the analysis for motion. Thus, 31 control subjects were included in the analyses of

Comparison of Go-Nogo at 6 weeks from baseline. Performance on a go-nogo task inside the scanner (fMRI). In the go/no-go task, participants respond to certain stimuli ("go" stimuli) and make no response for others ("no-go" stimuli).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Control Group fMRI Scans Only
n=47 Participants
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
n=40 Participants
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
n=40 Participants
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Percentage of Correct Inhibition in Participants Assessed With the Go-No go Task
Baseline
79.08 percent correct inhibition
Standard Deviation 15.07
79.43 percent correct inhibition
Standard Deviation 17.27
77.98 percent correct inhibition
Standard Deviation 15.10
Percentage of Correct Inhibition in Participants Assessed With the Go-No go Task
6 weeks
78.24 percent correct inhibition
Standard Deviation 16.57
80.72 percent correct inhibition
Standard Deviation 14.22
81.81 percent correct inhibition
Standard Deviation 14.14

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 8 weeks

Population: All participants in control group including the one subject who could not be scanned twice included in data analysis.

ADHD-RS is an 18-item list of core ADHD symptoms, each item are scored on a 4-point scale from 0-3, with total 0-54, with higher score indicating more symptoms.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Control Group fMRI Scans Only
n=31 Participants
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
n=22 Participants
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
n=22 Participants
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (ADHD-RS)
1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2
15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11
18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: up to 6 weeks

Population: All participants in control group including the one subject who could not be scanned twice included in data analysis.

a clinician rated measure of symptom severity. CGI-S is a 7-point scale that requires the clinician to rate the severity of the patient's illness at the time of assessment, relative to the clinician's past experience with patients who have the same diagnosis. Considering total clinical experience, a patient is assessed on severity of mental illness at the time of rating 1, normal, not at all ill; 2, borderline mentally ill; 3, mildly ill; 4, moderately ill; 5, markedly ill; 6, severely ill; or 7, extremely ill.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Control Group fMRI Scans Only
n=31 Participants
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
n=22 Participants
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
n=22 Participants
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S)
1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
3.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.6
3.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and at 6 weeks

Population: All participants in control group including the one subject who could not be scanned twice included in data analysis for the 6 weeks visit.

A neuropsychological assessment of attention compared at 6 weeks from baseline by looking at response time. The ANT is a task designed to test three attentional networks in children and adults: alerting, orienting, and executive control. The response time were summed.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Control Group fMRI Scans Only
n=47 Participants
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
n=40 Participants
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
n=40 Participants
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Response Time in Attention Networks Test (ANT)
Baseline
817.50 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 171.06
856.60 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 179.34
885.68 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 170.76
Response Time in Attention Networks Test (ANT)
6 weeks
756.87 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 153.83
826.14 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 139.08
783.09 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 125.21

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and at 6 weeks

Population: All participants in control group including the one subject who could not be scanned twice included in data analysis for the 6 weeks visit.

A neuropsychological assessment of attention compared at 6 weeks from baseline. CPT is a task-oriented computerized assessment of attention-related problems.This score indicates the number of times the client responded but no target was presented. A fast reaction time and high commission error rate points to difficulties with impulsivity. A slow reaction time with high commission and omission errors, indicates inattention in general. Scores are compared with the normative scores for the age, group and gender of the person being tested and represented as a commissioned T-score. The T-score indicates the degree to which performance in CPT task is higher or lower than the performance of a healthy individual matched in age. A T-score of 50 is equal to the mean and is considered normal. Lower numbers indicate values lower than the mean and higher numbers indicate values higher than the mean. Higher values are indicative of more attention-related problems.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Control Group fMRI Scans Only
n=47 Participants
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
n=40 Participants
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
n=40 Participants
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Continuous Performance Test (CPT)
Baseline
46.65 commissioned t-score
Standard Deviation 11.29
55.26 commissioned t-score
Standard Deviation 5.62
52.94 commissioned t-score
Standard Deviation 9.19
Continuous Performance Test (CPT)
6 weeks
44.64 commissioned t-score
Standard Deviation 9.70
50.70 commissioned t-score
Standard Deviation 8.66
48.46 commissioned t-score
Standard Deviation 10.43

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and at 6 weeks

Population: All participants in control group including the one subject who could not be scanned twice included in data analysis for the 6 weeks visit.

A cognitive/neuropsychological measure of auditory/verbal working memory compared at 6 weeks from baseline. Digit Span. Memory span is the longest list of items that a person can repeat back in correct order immediately after presentation on 50% of all trials. Items may include words, numbers, or letters. The task is known as digit span when numbers are used. Memory span is a common measure of short-term memory. A digit-span task is used to measure working memory's number storage capacity.The item score is the sum of the scores on the two trials for that item (range=0-2). The total raw score for backwards digit span is the sum of the item scores; maximum backwards digit span total raw score is 0-16 points. Higher score indicates better health outcomes.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Control Group fMRI Scans Only
n=47 Participants
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
n=40 Participants
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
n=40 Participants
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Digit Span
Baseline
13.30 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.76
9.25 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.06
7.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.29
Digit Span
6 weeks
9.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.58
9.75 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.95
8.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.29

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline and at 6 weeks

Population: All participants in control group including the one subject who could not be scanned twice included in data analysis for the 6 weeks visit.

A neuropsychological measure of motor skill and visual-spatial working memory compared at 6 weeks from baseline. The Finger Windows subtest is a measure of nonverbal, rote sequential recall. scaled scores ranging from 1 to 19, with higher score indicating better attention or concentration.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Control Group fMRI Scans Only
n=47 Participants
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
n=40 Participants
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
n=40 Participants
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Finger Windows
Baseline
17.04 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.69
14.50 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.64
16.50 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.19
Finger Windows
6 weeks
17.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.33
16.25 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.65
16.25 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.39

Adverse Events

fMRI Scans

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 3 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Atomoxetine Arm

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 6 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Methylphenidate Arm

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 4 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
fMRI Scans
n=47 participants at risk
Healthy Control Group: will receive initial evaluation, and 2 fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans each 6-8 weeks apart
Atomoxetine Arm
n=22 participants at risk
These subjects will receive initial evaluation and baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with atomoxetine for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI postscan, with optional post study stabilization visits.
Methylphenidate Arm
n=22 participants at risk
Subjects will receive initial evaluation, baseline fMRI scan, flexible dose titration with methylphenidate (Concerta) for 6-8 weeks, and fMRI scan post treatment.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Decreased appetite
0.00%
0/47 • 8 weeks
9.1%
2/22 • 8 weeks
18.2%
4/22 • 8 weeks
Gastrointestinal disorders
Stomachache
0.00%
0/47 • 8 weeks
13.6%
3/22 • 8 weeks
4.5%
1/22 • 8 weeks
General disorders
Headache
0.00%
0/47 • 8 weeks
9.1%
2/22 • 8 weeks
4.5%
1/22 • 8 weeks
Psychiatric disorders
Moody/irritable
2.1%
1/47 • 8 weeks
13.6%
3/22 • 8 weeks
13.6%
3/22 • 8 weeks
General disorders
Common cold/allergies
2.1%
1/47 • 8 weeks
4.5%
1/22 • 8 weeks
18.2%
4/22 • 8 weeks
Psychiatric disorders
Anxious
0.00%
0/47 • 8 weeks
0.00%
0/22 • 8 weeks
4.5%
1/22 • 8 weeks
General disorders
Sleep problems
4.3%
2/47 • 8 weeks
18.2%
4/22 • 8 weeks
4.5%
1/22 • 8 weeks
General disorders
Lightheaded/dizzy
0.00%
0/47 • 8 weeks
4.5%
1/22 • 8 weeks
0.00%
0/22 • 8 weeks
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
0.00%
0/47 • 8 weeks
9.1%
2/22 • 8 weeks
0.00%
0/22 • 8 weeks
Vascular disorders
Increased blood pressure
0.00%
0/47 • 8 weeks
4.5%
1/22 • 8 weeks
0.00%
0/22 • 8 weeks

Additional Information

Beth Krone, PhD

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Phone: 212-241-8014

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee Dr. Newcorn has FCOI reporting obligations as stipulated by the Mount Sinai FCOI committee
  • Publication restrictions are in place

Restriction type: OTHER