Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Psychobiological Indicators of Anxiety and Sleep Quality in Young Adults (NCT NCT01624168)
NCT ID: NCT01624168
Last Updated: 2016-01-08
Results Overview
Retained subjects are those who are willing to return for complete assessments
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
75 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
10 weeks
Results posted on
2016-01-08
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Anxiety Management Education
Anxiety Management Education: written materials on management of anxiety for self-study
|
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
10 week course in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
10 week tai chi intervention: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
|
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
Enhanced tai chi instruction: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
19
|
28
|
28
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
15
|
16
|
22
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
4
|
12
|
6
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Effects of Tai Chi Chuan on Psychobiological Indicators of Anxiety and Sleep Quality in Young Adults
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Anxiety Management Education
n=19 Participants
Anxiety Management Education: written materials on management of anxiety for self-study
|
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
n=28 Participants
10 week course in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
10 week tai chi intervention: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
|
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
n=28 Participants
10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
Enhanced tai chi instruction: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
|
Total
n=75 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
22.42 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.47 • n=5 Participants
|
21.21 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.04 • n=7 Participants
|
20.18 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.16 • n=5 Participants
|
21.13 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.5 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
51 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 10 weeksRetained subjects are those who are willing to return for complete assessments
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Anxiety Management Education
n=19 Participants
Anxiety Management Education: written materials on management of anxiety for self-study
|
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
n=28 Participants
10 week course in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
10 week tai chi intervention: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
|
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
n=28 Participants
10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
Enhanced tai chi instruction: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Retention of Randomized Subjects During Intervention
Retained
|
17 participants
|
22 participants
|
25 participants
|
|
Retention of Randomized Subjects During Intervention
Not retained
|
2 participants
|
6 participants
|
3 participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsSubjects retained for follow-up are those willing to respond to follow-up assessments
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Anxiety Management Education
n=19 Participants
Anxiety Management Education: written materials on management of anxiety for self-study
|
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
n=28 Participants
10 week course in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
10 week tai chi intervention: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
|
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
n=28 Participants
10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
Enhanced tai chi instruction: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Retention of Randomized Subjects for Follow-up
Retained for follow-up
|
15 participants
|
16 participants
|
22 participants
|
|
Retention of Randomized Subjects for Follow-up
Lost to follow-up
|
4 participants
|
12 participants
|
6 participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 10 weeksSubjects are considered adherent to out-of-class practice if he/she practices outside of class twenty times during the 10 week intervention
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Anxiety Management Education
n=19 Participants
Anxiety Management Education: written materials on management of anxiety for self-study
|
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
n=28 Participants
10 week course in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
10 week tai chi intervention: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
|
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
n=28 Participants
10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
Enhanced tai chi instruction: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Adherence to Out-of-class Practice
Adherent to out-of-class practice
|
NA participants
Individuals in the Anxiety Management Education group did not participate in tai chi classes or home practice.
|
13 participants
|
20 participants
|
|
Adherence to Out-of-class Practice
Not adherent to out-of-class practice
|
NA participants
Individuals in the Anxiety Management Education group did not participate in tai chi classes or home practice.
|
15 participants
|
8 participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 2 monthsSubjects are considered adherent to practice after the intervention if they practice an average of 2 times per week.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Anxiety Management Education
n=19 Participants
Anxiety Management Education: written materials on management of anxiety for self-study
|
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
n=28 Participants
10 week course in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
10 week tai chi intervention: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
|
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
n=28 Participants
10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
Enhanced tai chi instruction: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Adherence to Practice After the Intervention
Not adherent to practice after the intervention
|
NA participants
Individuals in the Anxiety Management Education group did not participate in tai chi classes or home practice.
|
24 participants
|
15 participants
|
|
Adherence to Practice After the Intervention
Adherent to practice after the intervention
|
NA participants
Individuals in the Anxiety Management Education group did not participate in tai chi classes or home practice.
|
4 participants
|
13 participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: change from baseline to 4 weeks, 10 weeks, 2 month follow-upAnxiety was measured by the State Trait Anxiety Inventory - State Scale. Lower scores on this scale reflect better outcomes. Scores can range from 20 to 80.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Anxiety Management Education
n=17 Participants
Anxiety Management Education: written materials on management of anxiety for self-study
|
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
n=22 Participants
10 week course in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
10 week tai chi intervention: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
|
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
n=25 Participants
10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
Enhanced tai chi instruction: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change From Baseline in State Anxiety Scores
Change from Baseline to 4 weeks
|
-1.93 units on a scale
Standard Error 2.06
|
-2.70 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.79
|
-3.17 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.68
|
|
Change From Baseline in State Anxiety Scores
Change from Baseline to 10 weeks
|
-1.43 units on a scale
Standard Error 2.09
|
-4.36 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.89
|
-3.04 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.73
|
|
Change From Baseline in State Anxiety Scores
Change from Baseline to 2 Month Follow-up
|
-1.90 units on a scale
Standard Error 2.15
|
-5.08 units on a scale
Standard Error 2.03
|
-3.58 units on a scale
Standard Error 1.78
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks, 10 weeks, 2 month follow-upSleep quality was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Total Score. Lower scores on this scale reflect better outcomes. Scores can range from 0 to 21.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Anxiety Management Education
n=17 Participants
Anxiety Management Education: written materials on management of anxiety for self-study
|
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
n=22 Participants
10 week course in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
10 week tai chi intervention: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
|
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
n=25 Participants
10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
Enhanced tai chi instruction: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Change From Baseline in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scores
Change from Baseline to 4 weeks
|
-1.06 units on a scale
Standard Error .45
|
-1.40 units on a scale
Standard Error .39
|
-1.32 units on a scale
Standard Error .36
|
|
Change From Baseline in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scores
Change from Baseline to 10 weeks
|
-1.71 units on a scale
Standard Error .46
|
-2.98 units on a scale
Standard Error .41
|
-2.03 units on a scale
Standard Error .38
|
|
Change From Baseline in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scores
Change from Baseline to 2 month follow-up
|
-1.82 units on a scale
Standard Error .47
|
-3.60 units on a scale
Standard Error .45
|
-3.05 units on a scale
Standard Error .38
|
Adverse Events
Anxiety Management Education
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 9 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 9 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 12 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
| Measure |
Anxiety Management Education
n=19 participants at risk
Anxiety Management Education: written materials on management of anxiety for self-study
|
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
n=28 participants at risk
10 week course in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
10 week tai chi intervention: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
|
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
n=28 participants at risk
10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
Enhanced tai chi instruction: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Psychiatric disorders
overdose suicide attempt
|
0.00%
0/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
3.6%
1/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Fell on ice, broke ankle
|
0.00%
0/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
3.6%
1/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
Other adverse events
| Measure |
Anxiety Management Education
n=19 participants at risk
Anxiety Management Education: written materials on management of anxiety for self-study
|
10 Week Tai Chi Intervention
n=28 participants at risk
10 week course in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
10 week tai chi intervention: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week
|
Enhanced Tai Chi Instruction
n=28 participants at risk
10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
Enhanced tai chi instruction: 10 weeks of instruction in Evidence Based Tai Chi meeting 2 times per week plus DVD for home practice
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Psychiatric disorders
Anger
|
5.3%
1/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Psychiatric disorders
Anxiety
|
15.8%
3/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
3.6%
1/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
10.7%
3/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Psychiatric disorders
Anxiety with Depression
|
10.5%
2/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
3.6%
1/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
3.6%
1/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cold
|
5.3%
1/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
17.9%
5/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
17.9%
5/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Nasal congestion
|
5.3%
1/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
7.1%
2/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Social circumstances
Family Stress
|
10.5%
2/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
3.6%
1/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Psychiatric disorders
Feeling Blue
|
0.00%
0/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
7.1%
2/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
14.3%
4/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
General disorders
Feeling sick
|
0.00%
0/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
7.1%
2/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
10.7%
3/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Knee pain
|
5.3%
1/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
3.6%
1/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Nervous system disorders
Poor sleep
|
5.3%
1/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
3.6%
1/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Psychiatric disorders
Stress
|
5.3%
1/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
3.6%
1/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
10.7%
3/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomiting
|
15.8%
3/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
3.6%
1/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
|
Psychiatric disorders
Worry
|
10.5%
2/19 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
0.00%
0/28 • 6 months
Participants were asked to complete weekly reports of mood using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire - 2. Participants also were asked about adverse events at 4-week and 10-week laboratory visits.
|
Additional Information
Dr. Karen Caldwell, Professor
Appalachian State University
Phone: 828-262-6045
Email: [email protected]
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place