Saturated Fat Versus Monounsaturated Fat and Insulin Action
NCT ID: NCT01612234
Last Updated: 2015-12-02
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
70 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2010-04-30
2015-11-30
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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1. To test the hypothesis that increased intake of PA will cause a decreased rate of \[1-13C\]-PA oxidation and will be associated with: (a) increased inflammatory signaling, within the muscle and by peripheral blood mononuclear cells; (b) Decreased insulin signaling as characterized by decreased, whole body, peripheral insulin sensitivity (euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic clamp) and, in skeletal muscle, decreased phospho-AKT (Ser473), increased phospho-IRS-1 (Ser636/Ser639), decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, and decreased membrane content of GLUT4.
2. To test the hypothesis that increased intake of PA will cause less complete mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, perhaps associated with dysfunction of the TCA cycle and increased reactive oxygen species formation. This hypothesis will be tested by measuring whole body and muscle (upper limb) relative rates of oxidation of \[13-13C\]-PA and \[1-13C\]-PA and by determining the serum profile of acylcarnitines, the urine concentrations of organic acids, and muscle concentrations of protein carbonyls.
3. To test the hypothesis that a high PA diet will lead to less complete oxidation of FA, less insulin signaling in skeletal muscle in response to a test meal, less whole body insulin sensitivity, increased dysfunction of the TCA cycle, and greater reactive oxygen species formation compared to the results obtained in obese versus lean humans.
Conditions
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
CROSSOVER
PREVENTION
QUADRUPLE
Study Groups
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High palmitate or high oleate diet.
This is a solid food diet in which vegetable oils are used to create a dietary fat composition similar to the average American/Western diet in which palmitic and oleic acid are ingested in approximately equal amounts (high palmitate diet) or a composition similar to the Mediterranean Diet (low palmitate, high oleate, using hazelnut oil as the source of fat). There are no interventions other than the diet itself.
High palmitate or high oleate diet.
High palmitate diet composition: Fat, 40.4% kcal; palmitic acid, 16.0% kcal; oleic acid,16.2% kcal. High oleate diet composition: Fat, 40.1% kcal; palmitic acid, 2.4% kcal; oleic acid, 28.8% kcal
high palmitate or high oleate diet
This is a solid food diet in which vegetable oils are used to create a dietary fat composition similar to the average American/Western diet in which palmitic and oleic acid are ingested in approximately equal amounts (high palmitate diet) or a composition similar to the Mediterranean Diet (low palmitate, high oleate, using hazelnut oil as the source of fat). There are no interventions other than the diet itself.
High palmitate or high oleate diet.
High palmitate diet composition: Fat, 40.4% kcal; palmitic acid, 16.0% kcal; oleic acid,16.2% kcal. High oleate diet composition: Fat, 40.1% kcal; palmitic acid, 2.4% kcal; oleic acid, 28.8% kcal
Interventions
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High palmitate or high oleate diet.
High palmitate diet composition: Fat, 40.4% kcal; palmitic acid, 16.0% kcal; oleic acid,16.2% kcal. High oleate diet composition: Fat, 40.1% kcal; palmitic acid, 2.4% kcal; oleic acid, 28.8% kcal
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* 18 - 40 years of age
Exclusion Criteria
* dyslipidemia, and
* type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance
18 Years
40 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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University of Vermont
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Craig Lawrence Kien
The Mary Kay Davignon Green and Gold Professor, Depts. of Pediatrics and Medicine
Principal Investigators
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Craig L. Kien, M.D, Ph.D.
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
The University of Vermont
Locations
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The Unversity of Vermont Clinical Research Center at Fletcher Allen Health Care
Burlington, Vermont, United States
Countries
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References
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Kien CL, Everingham KI, D Stevens R, Fukagawa NK, Muoio DM. Short-term effects of dietary fatty acids on muscle lipid composition and serum acylcarnitine profile in human subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Feb;19(2):305-11. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.135. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
Kien CL, Bunn JY, Stevens R, Bain J, Ikayeva O, Crain K, Koves TR, Muoio DM. Dietary intake of palmitate and oleate has broad impact on systemic and tissue lipid profiles in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Mar;99(3):436-45. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.070557. Epub 2014 Jan 15.
Kien CL, Bunn JY, Tompkins CL, Dumas JA, Crain KI, Ebenstein DB, Koves TR, Muoio DM. Substituting dietary monounsaturated fat for saturated fat is associated with increased daily physical activity and resting energy expenditure and with changes in mood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):689-97. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.051730. Epub 2013 Feb 27.
Kien CL, Bunn JY, Poynter ME, Stevens R, Bain J, Ikayeva O, Fukagawa NK, Champagne CM, Crain KI, Koves TR, Muoio DM. A lipidomics analysis of the relationship between dietary fatty acid composition and insulin sensitivity in young adults. Diabetes. 2013 Apr;62(4):1054-63. doi: 10.2337/db12-0363. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
Kien CL, Matthews DE, Poynter ME, Bunn JY, Fukagawa NK, Crain KI, Ebenstein DB, Tarleton EK, Stevens RD, Koves TR, Muoio DM. Increased palmitate intake: higher acylcarnitine concentrations without impaired progression of beta-oxidation. J Lipid Res. 2015 Sep;56(9):1795-807. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M060137. Epub 2015 Jul 8.
Kien CL, Bunn JY, Fukagawa NK, Anathy V, Matthews DE, Crain KI, Ebenstein DB, Tarleton EK, Pratley RE, Poynter ME. Lipidomic evidence that lowering the typical dietary palmitate to oleate ratio in humans decreases the leukocyte production of proinflammatory cytokines and muscle expression of redox-sensitive genes. J Nutr Biochem. 2015 Dec;26(12):1599-606. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.07.014. Epub 2015 Aug 1.
Related Links
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Description of Kien Lab at the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine
Other Identifiers
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