Effectiveness of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection to Prevent Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs)

NCT ID: NCT01579370

Last Updated: 2015-11-17

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

21395 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2012-04-30

Study Completion Date

2015-08-31

Brief Summary

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Enhanced terminal room disinfection is a novel, promising, but still unproven strategy for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) due to selected multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens. The investigators will perform a large prospective, multicenter study enhanced terminal room disinfection to 1) determine the efficacy and feasibility of enhanced terminal room disinfection strategies to prevent HAIs and 2) determine the impact of environmental contamination on acquisition of MDR-pathogens among hospitalized patients.

Detailed Description

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Meticulous and consistent use of hand hygiene before and after patient care remains the cornerstone of infection prevention in all health care settings. However, clean hands are not sufficient to prevent all healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), as 1) hands of healthcare workers easily become contaminated from contact with contaminated environmental surfaces in patient rooms after appropriate hand hygiene has been performed and before direct patient care and 2) direct contact by patients with preexisting contaminated environmental surfaces in their hospital rooms can lead to colonization or infection. Thus, novel strategies are needed to prevent HAIs, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens that persist in the environment such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), Clostridium difficile, and Acinetobacter.

Enhanced environmental disinfection methods may lead to reduced risk of exposure to or acquisition of HAIs and MDR-pathogens and overcome a critical issue facing healthcare today - hospitals rooms are often poorly cleaned and disinfected. Enhanced terminal room disinfection strategies using bleach and/or UV-C emitting devices have been investigated only in experimental conditions; the efficacy, effectiveness, and feasibility of enhanced terminal room disinfection to prevent HAIs are unknown. Thus, the scientific evidence for such interventions currently is insufficient for their inclusion in evidence-based guidelines.

This study will investigate the hypothesis that enhanced terminal room disinfection protocols (using chlorine-based cleaning agents with or without UV-C light-emitting devices) will decrease the overall risk of HAIs in the hospital and, more specifically, in subsequent patients who are cared for in the same room. This prospective investigation will employ a crossover design utilizing four room cleaning/disinfection protocols in 9 hospitals, including 2 tertiary care, 1 VA, and 6 community hospitals. Phase T2 data from this study will be useful in assessing the clinical efficacy and feasibility of individual disinfection strategies. Thus, the goals of the investigators proposed research are to 1) determine the efficacy and feasibility of enhanced terminal room disinfection strategies to prevent HAIs and 2) determine the impact of environmental contamination on acquisition of MDR-pathogens among hospitalized patients.

Conditions

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Multidrug Resistant Organisms Healthcare Associated Infections

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Quaternary ammonium

Rooms will be terminally cleaned using quaternary ammonium-containing compounds, the reference standard for hospital cleaning in US hospitals.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Quaternary ammonium

Intervention Type OTHER

Rooms from which a patient with a target organisms has been discharged (ie, a "seed" room) will be cleaned using quaternary-ammonium containing solutions. Room cleaning will proceed following standard cleaning protocols established at each study hospital.

Bleach

Rooms will be terminally cleaned using bleach-containing products.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Bleach

Intervention Type OTHER

Rooms from which a patient with a target organisms has been discharged (ie, a "seed" room) will be cleaned using bleach containing solutions. Room cleaning will proceed following standard cleaning protocols established at each study hospital.

Quaternary ammonium and UV-C light

Rooms will be terminally cleaned with quaternary ammonium-containing solutions followed by irradiation by a UV-C light emitting device.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Quaternary ammonium and UV-C light

Intervention Type OTHER

Rooms from which a patient with a target organisms has been discharged (ie, a "seed" room) will be cleaned using quaternary-ammonium containing solutions. Room cleaning will proceed following standard cleaning protocols established at each study hospital. Then, the UV-C light-emitting device will be brought to the room to irradiate the room until 12,000 uWs/cm2 (for vegetative bacteria) or 22,000 uWs/cm2 (for C. difficile) has been delivered to entire room.

Bleach and UV-C light

Rooms will be terminally cleaned with bleach-containing solutions followed by irradiation by a UV-C light emitting device.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Bleach and UV-C light

Intervention Type OTHER

Rooms from which a patient with a target organisms has been discharged (ie, a "seed" room) will be cleaned using bleach containing solutions. Room cleaning will proceed following standard cleaning protocols established at each study hospital. Then, the UV-C light-emitting device will be brought to the room to irradiate the room until 12,000 uWs/cm2 (for vegetative bacteria) or 22,000 uWs/cm2 (for C. difficile) has been delivered to entire room.

Interventions

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Quaternary ammonium

Rooms from which a patient with a target organisms has been discharged (ie, a "seed" room) will be cleaned using quaternary-ammonium containing solutions. Room cleaning will proceed following standard cleaning protocols established at each study hospital.

Intervention Type OTHER

Bleach

Rooms from which a patient with a target organisms has been discharged (ie, a "seed" room) will be cleaned using bleach containing solutions. Room cleaning will proceed following standard cleaning protocols established at each study hospital.

Intervention Type OTHER

Quaternary ammonium and UV-C light

Rooms from which a patient with a target organisms has been discharged (ie, a "seed" room) will be cleaned using quaternary-ammonium containing solutions. Room cleaning will proceed following standard cleaning protocols established at each study hospital. Then, the UV-C light-emitting device will be brought to the room to irradiate the room until 12,000 uWs/cm2 (for vegetative bacteria) or 22,000 uWs/cm2 (for C. difficile) has been delivered to entire room.

Intervention Type OTHER

Bleach and UV-C light

Rooms from which a patient with a target organisms has been discharged (ie, a "seed" room) will be cleaned using bleach containing solutions. Room cleaning will proceed following standard cleaning protocols established at each study hospital. Then, the UV-C light-emitting device will be brought to the room to irradiate the room until 12,000 uWs/cm2 (for vegetative bacteria) or 22,000 uWs/cm2 (for C. difficile) has been delivered to entire room.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Any seed room (ie., room from which a patient with one of the target organisms has been transferred or discharged)

Exclusion Criteria

* None, intervention is at level of the room, not the patient
* Patient outcomes will be excluded if clinical cultures are obtained within 48 hours of admission to the room of interest.
Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Duke University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Daniel J Sexton, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Duke University

Locations

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Alamance Regional Medical Center

Burlington, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

University of North Carolina Hospitals

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Durham Regional Hospital

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Durham VA Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

High Point Regional Health System

High Point, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Rex Healthcare

Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Duke Raleigh Hospital

Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Chesapeake Regional Medical Center

Chesapeake, Virginia, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Rutala WA, Kanamori H, Gergen MF, Knelson LP, Sickbert-Bennett EE, Chen LF, Anderson DJ, Sexton DJ, Weber DJ; and the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. Enhanced disinfection leads to reduction of microbial contamination and a decrease in patient colonization and infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018 Sep;39(9):1118-1121. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.165. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 30060770 (View on PubMed)

Anderson DJ, Moehring RW, Weber DJ, Lewis SS, Chen LF, Schwab JC, Becherer P, Blocker M, Triplett PF, Knelson LP, Lokhnygina Y, Rutala WA, Sexton DJ; CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. Effectiveness of targeted enhanced terminal room disinfection on hospital-wide acquisition and infection with multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile: a secondary analysis of a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial with crossover design (BETR Disinfection). Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Aug;18(8):845-853. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30278-0. Epub 2018 Jun 4.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 29880301 (View on PubMed)

Anderson DJ, Knelson LP, Moehring RW, Lewis SS, Weber DJ, Chen LF, Triplett PF, Blocker M, Cooney RM, Schwab JC, Lokhnygina Y, Rutala WA, Sexton DJ; CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. Implementation Lessons Learned From the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room (BETR) Disinfection Study: Process and Perceptions of Enhanced Disinfection with Ultraviolet Disinfection Devices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018 Feb;39(2):157-163. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.268. Epub 2018 Jan 14.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 29331170 (View on PubMed)

Anderson DJ, Chen LF, Weber DJ, Moehring RW, Lewis SS, Triplett PF, Blocker M, Becherer P, Schwab JC, Knelson LP, Lokhnygina Y, Rutala WA, Kanamori H, Gergen MF, Sexton DJ; CDC Prevention Epicenters Program. Enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile (the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study. Lancet. 2017 Feb 25;389(10071):805-814. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31588-4. Epub 2017 Jan 17.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 28104287 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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1U54CK000164-01

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

Pro00032718

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id