Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Effect of QVA149 on Health Related Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (NCT NCT01574651)

NCT ID: NCT01574651

Last Updated: 2014-05-22

Results Overview

SGRQ is a health related quality of life questionnaire consisting of 40 items in three areas: symptoms (respiratory symptoms and severity), activity (activities that cause or are limited by breathlessness) and impacts (social functioning and psychological disturbances due to airway disease). The total score is 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating poorer health status. For patients who completed the study but with missing SGRQ-C during treatment, the missing SGRQ-C were replaced by the last observation carried forward (LOCF). Symptom scores were expected to improve over treatment, therefore the replacement of missing values with earlier measurements did not result in overoptimistic imputation and this procedure could be regarded as conservative.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE3

Target enrollment

934 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, week 26

Results posted on

2014-05-22

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Overall Study
STARTED
476
458
Overall Study
Full Analysis Set (FAS)
476
458
Overall Study
Per Protocol Set (PPS)
373
374
Overall Study
COMPLETED
415
406
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
61
52

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
2
4
Overall Study
Administrative problems
0
1
Overall Study
Death
3
3
Overall Study
Patient's inability to use the device
0
1
Overall Study
Adverse Event
36
27
Overall Study
Abnormal laboratory value(s)
1
0
Overall Study
Abnormal test procedure result(s)
1
1
Overall Study
Unsatisfactory therapeutic effect
6
0
Overall Study
Protocol Violation
3
5
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
9
10

Baseline Characteristics

The Effect of QVA149 on Health Related Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 Participants
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 Participants
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Total
n=934 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
62.6 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.43 • n=5 Participants
63.1 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.15 • n=7 Participants
62.9 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.29 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
159 Participants
n=5 Participants
160 Participants
n=7 Participants
319 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
317 Participants
n=5 Participants
298 Participants
n=7 Participants
615 Participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, week 26

Population: Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated.

SGRQ is a health related quality of life questionnaire consisting of 40 items in three areas: symptoms (respiratory symptoms and severity), activity (activities that cause or are limited by breathlessness) and impacts (social functioning and psychological disturbances due to airway disease). The total score is 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating poorer health status. For patients who completed the study but with missing SGRQ-C during treatment, the missing SGRQ-C were replaced by the last observation carried forward (LOCF). Symptom scores were expected to improve over treatment, therefore the replacement of missing values with earlier measurements did not result in overoptimistic imputation and this procedure could be regarded as conservative.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 Participants
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 Participants
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) Total Score After 26 Weeks of Treatment (Non-inferiority Analysis).
Baseline (n=452,441)
44.70 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.718
45.68 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.720
St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) Total Score After 26 Weeks of Treatment (Non-inferiority Analysis).
Week 26 (n=475,456)
41.30 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.923
43.19 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.284

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, week 26

Population: Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

SGRQ is a health related quality of life questionnaire consisting of 40 items in three areas: symptoms (respiratory symptoms and severity), activity (activities that cause or are limited by breathlessness) and impacts (social functioning and psychological disturbances due to airway disease). The total score is 0 to 100 with a higher score indicating poorer health status. For patients who completed the study but with missing SGRQ-C during treatment, the missing SGRQ-C were replaced by the last observation carried forward (LOCF). Symptom scores were expected to improve over treatment, therefore the replacement of missing values with earlier measurements did not result in overoptimistic imputation and this procedure could be regarded as conservative. Superiority of QVA 110/50 μg to tiotropium 18 μg q.d. plus formoterol 12 μg b.i.d. in terms of health related quality of life as assessed by St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) after 26 weeks of treatment

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 Participants
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 Participants
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) Total Score After 26 Weeks of Treatment (Superiority Analysis).
Baseline (n=452,441)
44.70 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.718
45.68 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.720
St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ-C) Total Score After 26 Weeks of Treatment (Superiority Analysis).
Week 26 (n=475,456)
41.30 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.923
43.19 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.284

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 26

Population: Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

Baseline Dyspnea Index (BDI)/Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI) focal score is based on three domains: functional impairment, magnitude of task and magnitude of effort and captures changes from baseline. BDI was measured at day 1 prior to the first dose with domain scores ranging from 0=very severe to 4=no impairment and a total score ranging from 0 to 12(best). TDI captures changes from baseline. Each domain is scored from -3=major deterioration to 3=major improvement to give an overall TDI focal score of -9 to 9. Higher numbers indicate a better score. missing values were replaced by the latest observed value (LOCF)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=462 Participants
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=443 Participants
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Transition Dyspnea Index (TDI) Focal Score After 26 Weeks of Treatment.
1.34 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.440
0.87 Units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.439

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 26

Population: Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

The percent of participants with at least one moderate exacerbation within the 26 weeks that required systemic corticosteroids and/or antibiotics during the treatment

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 Participants
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 Participants
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Percent of Participants With at Least One Exacerbation Requiring Systemic Corticosteroids and/or Antibiotics Over 26 Weeks
10.9 Percent of participants
13.3 Percent of participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 26

Population: Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

The percent of patients with at least one severe exacerbation within the 26 weeks that required hospitalization. COPD exacerbations were considered to be severe if hospitalization were required.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 Participants
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 Participants
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Percent of Participants With at Least One Exacerbation Requiring Hospitalization
2.1 Percent of participants
2.4 Percent of participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 26

Population: Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

The number of participants with at least one moderate or severe COPD exacerbation. COPD exacerbations are considered to be moderate if treatment with systemic corticosteroids and/or antibiotics was required. COPD exacerbations are considered to be severe if hospitalizations were required.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 Participants
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 Participants
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Time- Event Analysis, Number of Participants With at Least One COPD Exacerbation (Moderate or Severe) During the Treatment Period
62 Participants
70 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Population: Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

Trough FEV1 is the mean value of FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) measured at 23:15h and 23:45h after the morning doses. The baseline value was measured at day 1 prior to the first dose.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 Participants
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 Participants
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Trough FEV1 at Baseline and Week 26
Baseline
1.329 Liters
Standard Deviation 0.4806
1.313 Liters
Standard Deviation 0.4525
Trough FEV1 at Baseline and Week 26
Week 26
1.495 Liters
Standard Deviation 0.5060
1.409 Liters
Standard Deviation 0.4878

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Population: Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

FEV1 30min is the forced expiratory volume in one second measured 30 min after the morning dose.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 Participants
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 Participants
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
FEV1 30 Min After the Morning Dose at Baseline and Week 26
Baseline (n=475,458)
1.517 Liters
Standard Deviation 0.5025
1.495 Liters
Standard Deviation 0.4860
FEV1 30 Min After the Morning Dose at Baseline and Week 26
Week 26 (n=476,458)
1.605 Liters
Standard Deviation 0.5356
1.565 Liters
Standard Deviation 0.5124

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Week 26

Population: Full analysis set (FAS): all randomized patients who received at least one dose of randomized study drug. Following the ITT principle, patients were analyzed according to the treatment they were assigned to. The FAS was used for all efficacy variables unless otherwise stated

Part I of the SGRQ-C covers "symptoms" and is concerned with respiratory symptoms, their frequency and severity. Each questionnaire response has a unique empirically derived "weight". A score was calculated from these weights. The lowest possible value is zero and the highest 100. A higher value corresponds to greater impairment of health status.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 Participants
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 Participants
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Symptoms Score Reported by the Patients Using Part I "Symptoms" of SGRO-C
Week 26 (n=476,458)
58.31 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.764
60.16 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.678
Symptoms Score Reported by the Patients Using Part I "Symptoms" of SGRO-C
Baseline (n=473,457)
64.10 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.884
64.29 Score on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.768

Adverse Events

QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol

Serious events: 30 serious events
Other events: 72 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149

Serious events: 24 serious events
Other events: 79 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 participants at risk
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 participants at risk
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Cardiac disorders
Acute myocardial infarction
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Cardiac disorders
Atrial flutter
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Cardiac disorders
Cardiac arrest
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Cardiac disorders
Cardiac failure
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Cardiac disorders
Cardiac failure chronic
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Cardiac disorders
Congestive cardiomyopathy
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Cardiac disorders
Cor pulmonale
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Cardiac disorders
Myocardial infarction
0.63%
3/476
0.22%
1/458
Cardiac disorders
Myocarditis
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Cardiac disorders
Stress cardiomyopathy
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Cardiac disorders
Tachycardia
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Eye disorders
Amblyopia
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Eye disorders
Cataract cortical
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Eye disorders
Cataract nuclear
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Eye disorders
Diplopia
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Eye disorders
Visual acuity reduced
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Gastrointestinal disorders
Inguinal hernia
0.21%
1/476
0.22%
1/458
Gastrointestinal disorders
Intestinal polyp
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
General disorders
Cardiac death
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
General disorders
Death
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Hepatobiliary disorders
Cholecystitis
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Immune system disorders
Anaphylactic reaction
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Immune system disorders
Drug hypersensitivity
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Infections and infestations
Gastroenteritis
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Infections and infestations
Pneumonia
0.00%
0/476
0.87%
4/458
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Cervical vertebral fracture
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Chest injury
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Contusion
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Humerus fracture
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Joint injury
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Rib fracture
0.42%
2/476
0.00%
0/458
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Road traffic accident
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Spinal fracture
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Back pain
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Cervical spinal stenosis
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Intervertebral disc protrusion
0.42%
2/476
0.00%
0/458
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Osteochondrosis
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Rhabdomyolysis
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Spinal column stenosis
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Synovitis
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Breast cancer
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Lung neoplasm malignant
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Oesophageal carcinoma
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
Oropharyngeal cancer stage unspecified
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Nervous system disorders
Brain injury
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Nervous system disorders
Cerebral ischaemia
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Nervous system disorders
Cerebrovascular accident
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Nervous system disorders
Myoclonus
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Nervous system disorders
Nystagmus
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Psychiatric disorders
Depression
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Renal and urinary disorders
Haematuria
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Renal and urinary disorders
Renal failure
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Dyspnoea
0.00%
0/476
0.66%
3/458
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Haemothorax
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pneumothorax
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pulmonary embolism
0.42%
2/476
0.22%
1/458
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Respiratory failure
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Surgical and medical procedures
Inguinal hernia repair
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Surgical and medical procedures
Laryngeal fistula repair
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Surgical and medical procedures
Mastectomy
0.21%
1/476
0.00%
0/458
Surgical and medical procedures
Umbilical hernia repair
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458
Vascular disorders
Peripheral arterial occlusive disease
0.00%
0/476
0.22%
1/458

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
QVA149 Plus Placebo to Tiotropium and Placebo to Formoterol
n=476 participants at risk
QVA149 110/50µg, once daily for inhalation use plus placebo to tiotropium, once daily for inhalation use and placebo to formoterol, twice daily for inhalation use.
Tiotropium Plus Formoterol and Placebo to QVA149
n=458 participants at risk
Tiotropium 18µg, once daily for inhalation use plus Formoterol 12µg, twice daily for inhalation use and placebo to QVA149, once daily for inhalation use.
Infections and infestations
Nasopharyngitis
8.8%
42/476
11.6%
53/458
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough
5.5%
26/476
4.4%
20/458
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Dyspnoea
1.9%
9/476
3.3%
15/458

Additional Information

Study Director

Novartis Pharnaceuticals

Phone: 862-778-8300

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee The terms and conditions of Novartis' agreements with its investigators may vary. However, Novartis does not prohibit any investigator from publishing. Any publications from a single-site are postponed until the publication of the pooled data (i.e., data from all sites) in the clinical trial or disclosure of trial results in their entirety
  • Publication restrictions are in place

Restriction type: OTHER