Trial Outcomes & Findings for Brief Alcohol Intervention for School-to-Work Transitions (NCT NCT01546025)
NCT ID: NCT01546025
Last Updated: 2025-06-12
Results Overview
This is a calculation of the number of standard alcohol drinks consumed per week, based on data collected via the timeline follow back interview
COMPLETED
NA
168 participants
3 months
2025-06-12
Participant Flow
The study was promoted via posted flyers in the community; advertisements on buses, websites, and in newspapers; and recruitment events at high schools, community colleges, vocational/technical programs, social service agencies, and GED classes. Research staff described the study to groups/classes or at information booths set up in a lobby or cafeteria. Data collection took place in Rhode Island and Southeastern Massachusetts from June 2010 to October 2011.
168 were consented and enrolled. One person was determined to be ineligible because they were simultaneously participating in another alcohol intervention research study simultaneously. That were person was withdrawn from the study, resulting in a sample of 167 participants.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
Relaxation training: One hour training in relaxation techniques
|
Brief Motivational Counseling
Brief Motivational Counseling: One hour session of brief motivational counseling focused on reduction of heavy drinking.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
84
|
83
|
|
Overall Study
Completed Treatment
|
84
|
83
|
|
Overall Study
6-week Follow up
|
82
|
80
|
|
Overall Study
3-month Follow up
|
81
|
80
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
84
|
82
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
1
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
Relaxation training: One hour training in relaxation techniques
|
Brief Motivational Counseling
Brief Motivational Counseling: One hour session of brief motivational counseling focused on reduction of heavy drinking.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
|
0
|
1
|
Baseline Characteristics
Brief Alcohol Intervention for School-to-Work Transitions
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=84 Participants
Relaxation training (REL): One hour training in relaxation techniques REL was designed to control for nonspecific therapeutic effects by providing equivalent levels of attention from and rapport with a counselor. REL began with an introduction to the intervention and general rapport building. The counselor asked about the participant's typical experiences with daily stress, and reviewed various strategies the participant had used to cope with stress. Past experiences with meditation and relaxation were explored. To promote positive treatment expectancies, the counselor presented a rationale for the use of REL for alcohol reduction. Participants were told: (i) the transition to adulthood can be stressful, and stress can lead to increased alcohol use; and (ii) alternative approaches to coping with stress, such as meditation and relaxation techniques, can reduce stress and thereby prevent excessive alcohol use. For the remainder of the session, 2 strategies for coping with stress were introduced and practiced: the first was a simple, guided breathing meditation; and the second was a full-body progressive muscle relaxation. Both exercises were scripted and read aloud by the counselor as the participant followed the counselor instructions. The session concluded with a review of the participant's experiences during the 2 exercises and a counselor recommendation to practice the techniques regularly.
|
Brief Motivational Counseling
n=83 Participants
Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) Counseling: One hour session of BMI focused on reduction of heavy drinking. The counselor built rapport while eliciting information about the developmental context of the participant's drinking behavior, discussing current experiences, goals, and plans for the next several years in different domains (education/training, work, financial independence, social transitions, romantic relationships). The counselor explored how alcohol and drinking fit into the participant's life, and how the participant expected their drinking to change into adulthood. Assessing motivation involved exploring the positive and negative aspects of drinking for participants. Enhancing motivation consisted of providing a personalized feedback report including normative feedback, and personalized risk factors and other elements like time and money allocation. Participants were asked to envision themselves in the future if they decided to make a change, and again if they decided not to change. The counselor drew upon participants' goals (e.g., social, recreational, occupational, financial) to highlight discrepancies between drinking behavior and proximal life goals. The participant identified goals for change related to drinking. The BMI reviewed strategies for reducing heavy drinking. Participant strengths, protective factors, and autonomy/ability to make changes were elicited and supported. Throughout the session, counselors used MI principles and techniques.
|
Total
n=167 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Customized
age 17
|
22 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
46 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Customized
age 18
|
30 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
59 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Customized
age 19
|
24 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
43 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Customized
age 20
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
36 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
34 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
70 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
48 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
49 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
97 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Hispanic/Latino
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Non-Hispanic White
|
51 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
48 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
99 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Non-Hispanic Black/African American
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
American Indian/Native American
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian/Pacific Islander
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
More than 1 race
|
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
23 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
missing
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Avg Number of Standard Drinks per week
|
12.14 standard drinks per week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.85 • n=5 Participants
|
14.85 standard drinks per week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.41 • n=7 Participants
|
13.49 standard drinks per week
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.36 • n=5 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthsThis is a calculation of the number of standard alcohol drinks consumed per week, based on data collected via the timeline follow back interview
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=81 Participants
Relaxation training: One hour training in relaxation techniques
|
Brief Motivational Counseling
n=80 Participants
Brief Motivational Counseling: One hour session of brief motivational counseling focused on reduction of heavy drinking.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Timeline Follow Back Assessing Number of Standard Drinks
|
8.93 standard drinks/week
Standard Deviation 10.00
|
5.56 standard drinks/week
Standard Deviation 5.91
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 week and 3 month follow upsPopulation: This measure is analyzed among participants who reported any alcohol use in the assessment window.
Measure of problem severity in young adult drinkers. Respondents indicated on the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (BYAACQ; Kahler et al., 2005) whether they had experienced each of 24 adverse alcohol-related consequences in the prior 6 weeks; items are summed for a total score (Cronbach's α = 0.81 at BL), with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 24. Higher scores indicate worse outcome.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=70 Participants
Relaxation training: One hour training in relaxation techniques
|
Brief Motivational Counseling
n=71 Participants
Brief Motivational Counseling: One hour session of brief motivational counseling focused on reduction of heavy drinking.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire
Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire 6 weeks
|
6.43 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.50
|
5.47 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.49
|
|
Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire
Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire 3 months
|
6.01 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.52
|
4.85 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.51
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 week and 3 month follow upsPopulation: Participants in each group with data on this variable at 6 week follow up and 3 month follow up
Count of participants reporting receiving any type of counseling for alcohol in the prior 6 weeks
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=81 Participants
Relaxation training: One hour training in relaxation techniques
|
Brief Motivational Counseling
n=80 Participants
Brief Motivational Counseling: One hour session of brief motivational counseling focused on reduction of heavy drinking.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Help Seeking
Number reporting alcohol counseling, 6 week follow up
|
10 Participants
|
9 Participants
|
|
Help Seeking
Number reporting alcohol counseling, 3 month follow up
|
6 Participants
|
8 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 week and 3 month follow upsPopulation: Participants in each group with data on this variable at 6 week and 3 month follow up.
Total score on the Strategies to Limit Drinking 31-item scale. Likert response for each item ranges from 1 = never to 5 = always; range = 31 to 155; higher scores indicate better outcomes: higher scores reflect greater frequency of using various strategies to deliberately limit one's drinking over the past 6 weeks
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=82 Participants
Relaxation training: One hour training in relaxation techniques
|
Brief Motivational Counseling
n=81 Participants
Brief Motivational Counseling: One hour session of brief motivational counseling focused on reduction of heavy drinking.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Drinking Reduction Strategies
Drinking reduction score, 6 week follow up
|
94.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.7
|
99.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.4
|
|
Drinking Reduction Strategies
Drinking reduction score, 3 month follow up
|
89.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.8
|
98.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.1
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 week and 3 month follow upsPopulation: This includes all participants in each group at 6 week and at 3 month follow up who reported engaging in paid employment in the prior 6 weeks
Mean score on the "Your Workplace" questionnaire: Negative Effects on Work Performance subscale. Range = 0 to 5. Response options for each item on the subscale are 0 = never; 1 = once or twice, 2 = about once every 2 weeks, 3 = about once a week, 4 = 2-4 times a week, 5 = about daily. Higher scores indicate worse outcomes: Higher scores reflect more frequent negative effects of alcohol use on work performance in the past 6 weeks.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=59 Participants
Relaxation training: One hour training in relaxation techniques
|
Brief Motivational Counseling
n=52 Participants
Brief Motivational Counseling: One hour session of brief motivational counseling focused on reduction of heavy drinking.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Employment Outcomes
Negative alcohol effects at work, 6 week follow up
|
0.16 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.44
|
0.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.31
|
|
Employment Outcomes
Negative alcohol effects at work, 3 month follow up
|
0.14 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.51
|
0.12 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.28
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 week and 3 month follow upsPopulation: Participants in each group with valid data on this scale at 6 week or 3 month follow up
This is a mean score on the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), a 5-item instrument designed to measure global cognitive judgments of life satisfaction, using a 7-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree), with higher scores indicating better outcomes, i.e., higher scores indicate greater life satisfaction at the time of assessment. Range = 1 to 7.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=82 Participants
Relaxation training: One hour training in relaxation techniques
|
Brief Motivational Counseling
n=80 Participants
Brief Motivational Counseling: One hour session of brief motivational counseling focused on reduction of heavy drinking.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Satisfaction With Life
General life satisfaction, 6 week follow up
|
4.80 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.43
|
4.72 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.25
|
|
Satisfaction With Life
General life satisfaction, 3 monnth follow up
|
4.96 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.41
|
4.95 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.20
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 week and 3 month follow upsPopulation: Participants in each group with valid data on this variable at 6 week or 3 month follow up.
The ARSS contains a list of 45 rewarding activities. Participants rate the frequency with which they participate in each activity WITH and then WITHOUT alcohol/drug use, and then rate their enjoyment of each activity WITH and WITHOUT alcohol/drug use. The outcome measure represents the percentage of reinforcement participants get (i.e., the cross product of frequency X enjoyment) from activities involving alcohol/drug use divided by the total reinforcement they get from all activities with or without alcohol/drug use. Range = 0 to 100; higher scores indicate worse outcomes, i.e., higher scores reflect a greater percentage of enjoyable activities involving alcohol and/or use.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Relaxation Training
n=82 Participants
Relaxation training: One hour training in relaxation techniques
|
Brief Motivational Counseling
n=80 Participants
Brief Motivational Counseling: One hour session of brief motivational counseling focused on reduction of heavy drinking.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Adolescent Reinforcement Survey Schedule (ARSS)
Enjoyment attributed to alcohol, 6 week follow up
|
33.7 percentage of enjoyment due to alcohol
Standard Deviation 18.9
|
32.7 percentage of enjoyment due to alcohol
Standard Deviation 19.3
|
|
Adolescent Reinforcement Survey Schedule (ARSS)
Enjoyment attributed to alcohol, 3 month follow up
|
29.4 percentage of enjoyment due to alcohol
Standard Deviation 21.0
|
30.0 percentage of enjoyment due to alcohol
Standard Deviation 18.7
|
Adverse Events
Relaxation Training
Brief Motivational Counseling
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place