Does Class of Dietary Fat Affect Insulin Resistance?

NCT ID: NCT01541592

Last Updated: 2014-11-26

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

24 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2012-03-31

Study Completion Date

2014-02-28

Brief Summary

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It has been shown that intravenous fatty acids given to normal volunteers in the form of heparin and lipid emulsions will cause insulin resistance in a matter of a few hours. It is not known if this same phenomenon can be demonstrated with oral fat. The investigators are specifically interested in whether or not there are differences in the induction of insulin resistance between the 3 main classes of fatty acids (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated).

The investigators also plan to evaluate endothelial dysfunction and blood pressure; both of which frequently accompany insulin resistance.

Detailed Description

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Type 2 Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are closely linked. A common abnormality in both conditions is insulin resistance. The primary cause of insulin resistance in not known. A significant question is what dietary components contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Based on epidemiologic data, it seems that the type of dietary fat is a significant contributor to the development of insulin resistance. However, some researchers argue that the main determinant is total amount of fat, not the composition.

This study is intended to determine if the main types of fat (saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) ingested over a short time can cause insulin resistance in lean, healthy people. It has been demonstrated that 6 hours of intravenous fat infused into lean, healthy subjects can result in insulin resistance, as well as blood pressure elevation and endothelial dysfunction. Whether this is so with oral fat is not known. The question is important because there is debate about whether the type of fat is as important as the quantity of fat in a person's daily diet. Settling this debate will enhance the ability of health care personnel to determine the optimal dietary recommendations.

This study will make use of a high fat diet consisting of vegetable oils high in the 3 main fatty acids in plasma (palmitate, oleate and linoleate). Because large fat loads can cause intestinal discomfort, a feeding tube will be used to bypass the stomach. The 3 oils will be assigned randomly following a base line study with saline 2 weeks prior to the intervention. Our primary endpoint is insulin resistance, which will be measured by a euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp. Secondary measures will include changes in blood pressure and in vascular reactivity as measured by ultrasound after brief occlusion of a forearm vessel. The changes will be compared to baseline and to the other 2 groups.

Conditions

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Insulin Resistance

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Saturated fat

Palm oil (rich in the saturated fat palmitate)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Dietary fat

Intervention Type OTHER

On the study day, each participant will receive 100 grams of a randomly assigned fat via a nasoduodenal tube. The oil will be infused at a rate of \~1 tablespoon per hour so that the total infusion time will be 6 hours.

Monounsaturated fat

Olive oil (rich in the monounsaturated fat oleate)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Dietary fat

Intervention Type OTHER

On the study day, each participant will receive 100 grams of a randomly assigned fat via a nasoduodenal tube. The oil will be infused at a rate of \~1 tablespoon per hour so that the total infusion time will be 6 hours.

Polyunsaturated fat

Safflower oil (rich in the polyunsaturated fat linoleate)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Dietary fat

Intervention Type OTHER

On the study day, each participant will receive 100 grams of a randomly assigned fat via a nasoduodenal tube. The oil will be infused at a rate of \~1 tablespoon per hour so that the total infusion time will be 6 hours.

Interventions

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Dietary fat

On the study day, each participant will receive 100 grams of a randomly assigned fat via a nasoduodenal tube. The oil will be infused at a rate of \~1 tablespoon per hour so that the total infusion time will be 6 hours.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Lean,healthy adults 18 - 40
* No chronic medications (birth control pills allowed)
* Weight stable
* Normal fasting labs performed at screening
* Body mass index ≤ 25 kg/M\^2 .

Exclusion Criteria

* Insulin dependent diabetes
* Thyroid disease
* History of diabetes or heart disease
* History of type 2 diabetes in parent or sibling
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

40 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Mayo Clinic

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Robert.H.Nelson

Assistant Professor of Family Medicine and Medicine

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Robert Nelson, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Mayo Clinic

Locations

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Mayo Clinic in Rochester

Rochester, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Other Identifiers

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11-000179

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id