Targeted Radiotherapy in HSCT for Poor Risk Haematological Malignancy

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE1/PHASE2

Total Enrollment

62 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2002-01-31

Study Completion Date

2018-07-01

Brief Summary

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To determine whether a radiolabelled antibody that targets the bone marrow (the 'anti-CD66') can be administered safely to patients as part of the preparative treatment prior to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation ('a bone marrow transplant'). Can the radiolabelled antibody be shown to effectively target the bone marrow in these patients. If it can, could this result in better outcomes after transplantation.

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Detailed Description

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The aim of this clinical research study is to establish whether a radiolabelled antibody can be used to safely deliver radiotherapy to the bone marrow prior to stem cell transplantation for haematological malignancies.

With current chemotherapy regimens 60-90% of adult patients with acute leukaemia (AML and ALL) achieve a complete remission. However in a significant proportion of these patients the disease will recur. Although allogeneic and autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are established as effective treatment options for haematological malignancies, resulting in long term disease free survival in a significant proportion of patients, the results of transplantation for patients with poor risk disease are disappointing. Further intensification of the treatment used prior to transplantation has been shown to reduce the risk of relapse, but the toxicity of the drugs or external beam radiotherapy causes an increase in transplant related deaths. The introduction of reduced intensity conditioning protocols allows the use of HSCT for older patients or those with significant additional medical problems but retrospective analysis indicates an increased rate of relapse. This is the 'Transplantation dilemma' - how to reduce the risk of disease relapse by intensifying therapy, but without an increase in toxicity to other organs causing an increase in transplant related deaths in remission.

Normal haematopoietic tissue and the malignant cells arising from it are very radiosensitive. Theoretically intensification of the conditioning therapy, particularly total body irradiation (TBI), prior to transplantation could increase tumour reduction leading to improved disease free survival rates for patients with poor risk disease. Targeted radiotherapy could allow treatment intensification without the toxicity to non-haematological tissues. In addition, the continuous, low dose rate delivered by the natural decay of a targeted radionuclide may have a greater destructive effect upon tumour cells than single dose or fractionated external beam radiation.

Conditions

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Acute Leukaemia Chronic Leukaemia Myeloma Lymphoma

Study Design

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Intervention Model

SEQUENTIAL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Targeted radiotherapy

Patients receive therapy with an yttrium-90 labelled anti-CD66 following favourable dosimetry with the same antibody radiolabelled with indium-111.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Targeted radiotherapy

Intervention Type RADIATION

Yttrium-90 labelled anti-CD66 monoclonal antibody.

Interventions

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Targeted radiotherapy

Yttrium-90 labelled anti-CD66 monoclonal antibody.

Intervention Type RADIATION

Other Intervention Names

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Y-90-anti-CD66

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. An underlying haematological malignancy including acute myeloid leukaemia in first complete remission (CR1) but with poor prognostic features or in \>CR1 or in relapse; acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; transformed myelodysplasia, chronic myeloid leukaemia (accelerated phase or blast transformation, poor response or intolerance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors), myeloma. Patients may be in remission, partial remission or relapse.
2. No concurrent or recent (within 3 weeks) chemotherapy for the underlying haematological condition
3. For patients with relapsed leukaemia, bone marrow (BM) blasts must represent \< 20% of BM nucleated cells.
4. Although the BM remission status is not important, patients must have cellularity \> 10%.
5. As malignant plasma cells may or may not express CD66 antigens, patients with myeloma must have less than 30% plasma cells (as a percentage of total nucleated cells) in the BM at the time of the study.
6. Age = or \>18 yrs.
7. WHO performance status of 0, 1 or 2 (Appendix 5).
8. Predicted life-expectancy of greater than four months.
9. Patients must be negative for human anti-mouse antibodies (HAMA).
10. Peripheral blood counts:

Wbc \< 30 x 10e9/l (absolute neutrophil count \>0.5 x 10e9/L) platelets \> 50 x 10e9/l (platelet support is permitted)
11. Biochemical indices:

Plasma creatinine \< 120 micromol/l (or creatinine clearance or Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) clearance \> 50 ml/min) Plasma bilirubin \< 30 micromol/l Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) no more than 2.5 x upper limit of the normal range.
12. Patient must be able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Any serious intercurrent disease.
2. Patients with BM cellularity \< 10%.
3. History of atopic asthma, eczema or allergy to rodent protein, confirmed history of severe allergic reactions to penicillin or streptomycin.
4. Positive Human anti-murine antibodies (HAMA).
5. Patients unable to provide informed consent or who are unable to co-operate for reasons of poor mental or physical health.
6. Pregnancy

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

75 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No