Safety and Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy for Bile Duct Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

NCT ID: NCT01506115

Last Updated: 2015-11-20

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

11 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2009-09-30

Study Completion Date

2011-03-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

The prognosis of patients with obstructive jaundice caused by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is dismal even after biliary drainage; due to malfunction of the biliary drainage tube caused by hemobilia and/or tumor emboli. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) in hilar cholangiocarcinoma improves biliary drainage and prolongs survival. The aims of this study were to assess the safety and efficacy of PDT in unresectable HCC with bile duct invasion.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

As more therapies are available for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the survival rate has improved. The incidence of jaundice in patients with HCC is reported as 5-44%, and substantial number of patients experience obstructive jaundice. With the improvement of survival in patients with HCC, it is not uncommon to encounter HCC patients with obstructive jaundice in clinical practice.

The prognosis of patients with obstructive jaundice caused by HCC is dismal due to progressive liver failure, rapid tumor progression and ineffective biliary drainage. The mean survival of HCC with obstructive jaundice after biliary drainage ranges from 2.5 to 4.5 months. Effective biliary drainage to improve jaundice and liver function is inevitably needed for further treatment. However, it is difficult to maintain the patency of the bile duct because recurrent obstruction frequently develops due to hemobilia.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with biliary drainage is a promising treatment option for advanced cholangiocarcinoma. Presence of the photosensitizer only itself is nontoxic, but showing light with specific wavelengths can induce cytotoxicity. The systemically administrated photosensitizer accumulates preferentially in proliferating tissue. If this targeted lesion is then illuminated by light of a specific wavelength, the activated photosensitizer generates reactive oxygen species, which trigger cell death by apoptosis and necrosis of the cells in the specific area. Experience with PDT in cholangiocarcinoma suggests that a survival benefit can be achieved by prolonged relief of the obstruction.

The investigators hypothesized that conducting PDT with biliary stenting in patients with obstructive jaundice caused by bile duct invasion of HCC would improves stent patency and other clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PDT in HCC patients with bile duct invasion.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Obstructive Jaundice

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

HCC with bile duct invasion

Photodynamic therapy with biliary drainage in patients with bile duct invasion of unresectable HCC

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Photofrin

Intervention Type DRUG

Photodynamic therapy: Intravenous Photofrin at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight, 48 hours before photoactivation by intraluminal light illumination

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Photofrin

Photodynamic therapy: Intravenous Photofrin at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight, 48 hours before photoactivation by intraluminal light illumination

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

Photofrin (Axcan Pharma Inc., Mount-Saint-Hilaire, Canada)

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Known HCC: Diagnosis of HCC based on the 2005 AASLD (American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases) practice guidelines
* Unresectable HCC: Determined based on the BCLC (Barcelona-Clinic-Liver-Cancer) staging and treatment system
* Bile duct invasion of HCC: Confirmed by pathology via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). In case pathological diagnosis is clinically impossible, confirmed by dynamic CT or MRI showing that typical arterial enhancing mass in dilated bile duct and previous HCC diagnosis.

Exclusion Criteria

* Severe renal disease
* Severe cardiac disease
* Bleeding tendency
* Porphyria
Minimum Eligible Age

19 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Samsung Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Kwang Hyuck Lee, M.D.

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Samsung Medical Center

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Samsung Medical Center 81 Irwon-Ro Gangnamgu

Seoul, , South Korea

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

South Korea

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

El-Serag HB. Hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 22;365(12):1118-27. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1001683. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21992124 (View on PubMed)

Singal AG, Marrero JA. Recent advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010 May;26(3):189-95. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e3283383ca5.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20224395 (View on PubMed)

Lai EC, Lau WY. Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with obstructive jaundice. ANZ J Surg. 2006 Jul;76(7):631-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2006.03794.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16813631 (View on PubMed)

Qin LX, Tang ZY. Hepatocellular carcinoma with obstructive jaundice: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Mar;9(3):385-91. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i3.385.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12632482 (View on PubMed)

Lau WY, Leow CK, Leung KL, Leung TW, Chan M, Yu SC. Cholangiographic features in the diagnosis and management of obstructive icteric type hepatocellular carcinoma. HPB Surg. 2000;11(5):299-306. doi: 10.1155/2000/79241.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10674744 (View on PubMed)

Lau WY, Leung JW, Li AK. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as obstructive jaundice. Am J Surg. 1990 Sep;160(3):280-2. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9610(06)80023-1.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 2168129 (View on PubMed)

Lau W, Leung K, Leung TW, Liew CT, Chan MS, Yu SC, Li AK. A logical approach to hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with jaundice. Ann Surg. 1997 Mar;225(3):281-5. doi: 10.1097/00000658-199703000-00007.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9060584 (View on PubMed)

Cho HC, Lee JK, Lee KH, Lee KT, Paik S, Choo SW, Do YS, Choo IW. Are endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage effective for obstructive jaundice caused by hepatocellular carcinoma? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Mar;23(3):224-31. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e3283436ff6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21228705 (View on PubMed)

Matsueda K, Yamamoto H, Umeoka F, Ueki T, Matsumura T, Tezen T, Doi I. Effectiveness of endoscopic biliary drainage for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma associated with obstructive jaundice. J Gastroenterol. 2001 Mar;36(3):173-80. doi: 10.1007/s005350170125.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11291880 (View on PubMed)

Chen MF, Jan YY, Jeng LB, Hwang TL, Wang CS, Chen SC. Obstructive jaundice secondary to ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma into the common bile duct. Surgical experiences of 20 cases. Cancer. 1994 Mar 1;73(5):1335-40. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19940301)73:53.0.co;2-m.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8111698 (View on PubMed)

Groupe d'Etude et de Traitement du Carcinome Hepatocellulaire. A comparison of lipiodol chemoembolization and conservative treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1995 May 11;332(19):1256-61. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199505113321903.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7708069 (View on PubMed)

Shim CS, Cheon YK, Cha SW, Bhandari S, Moon JH, Cho YD, Kim YS, Lee LS, Lee MS, Kim BS. Prospective study of the effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic photodynamic therapy for advanced bile duct cancer and the role of intraductal ultrasonography in response assessment. Endoscopy. 2005 May;37(5):425-33. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-861294.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15844020 (View on PubMed)

Zoepf T, Jakobs R, Arnold JC, Apel D, Riemann JF. Palliation of nonresectable bile duct cancer: improved survival after photodynamic therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005 Nov;100(11):2426-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00318.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16279895 (View on PubMed)

Harewood GC, Baron TH, Rumalla A, Wang KK, Gores GJ, Stadheim LM, de Groen PC. Pilot study to assess patient outcomes following endoscopic application of photodynamic therapy for advanced cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Mar;20(3):415-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03582.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15740486 (View on PubMed)

Dumoulin FL, Gerhardt T, Fuchs S, Scheurlen C, Neubrand M, Layer G, Sauerbruch T. Phase II study of photodynamic therapy and metal stent as palliative treatment for nonresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Jun;57(7):860-7. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(03)70021-2.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12776033 (View on PubMed)

Ortner ME, Caca K, Berr F, Liebetruth J, Mansmann U, Huster D, Voderholzer W, Schachschal G, Mossner J, Lochs H. Successful photodynamic therapy for nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a randomized prospective study. Gastroenterology. 2003 Nov;125(5):1355-63. doi: 10.1016/j.gastro.2003.07.015.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14598251 (View on PubMed)

Rumalla A, Baron TH, Wang KK, Gores GJ, Stadheim LM, de Groen PC. Endoscopic application of photodynamic therapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001 Apr;53(4):500-4. doi: 10.1067/mge.2001.113386.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11275896 (View on PubMed)

Ortner MA. Photodynamic therapy for cholangiocarcinoma: overview and new developments. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2009 Sep;25(5):472-6. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32832e6e1f.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19550314 (View on PubMed)

Kahaleh M, Mishra R, Shami VM, Northup PG, Berg CL, Bashlor P, Jones P, Ellen K, Weiss GR, Brenin CM, Kurth BE, Rich TA, Adams RB, Yeaton P. Unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: comparison of survival in biliary stenting alone versus stenting with photodynamic therapy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Mar;6(3):290-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.12.004. Epub 2008 Feb 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18255347 (View on PubMed)

Witzigmann H, Berr F, Ringel U, Caca K, Uhlmann D, Schoppmeyer K, Tannapfel A, Wittekind C, Mossner J, Hauss J, Wiedmann M. Surgical and palliative management and outcome in 184 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma: palliative photodynamic therapy plus stenting is comparable to r1/r2 resection. Ann Surg. 2006 Aug;244(2):230-9. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000217639.10331.47.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16858185 (View on PubMed)

Hu J, Pi Z, Yu MY, Li Y, Xiong S. Obstructive jaundice caused by tumor emboli from hepatocellular carcinoma. Am Surg. 1999 May;65(5):406-10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10231205 (View on PubMed)

Ikenaga N, Chijiiwa K, Otani K, Ohuchida J, Uchiyama S, Kondo K. Clinicopathologic characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct invasion. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009 Mar;13(3):492-7. doi: 10.1007/s11605-008-0751-0. Epub 2008 Nov 15.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19011945 (View on PubMed)

Kubota Y, Seki T, Kunieda K, Nakahashi Y, Tani K, Nakatani S, Yamaguchi T, Mizuno T, Inoue K. Biliary endoprosthesis in bile duct obstruction secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdom Imaging. 1993;18(1):70-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00201706.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8381692 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

2009-09-048

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id