Trial Outcomes & Findings for Vitamin D Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis (NCT NCT01490502)

NCT ID: NCT01490502

Last Updated: 2022-09-28

Results Overview

Confirmed relapse defined as new or worsening symptoms referable to the central nervous system, lasting at least 24 hours, occurring at least 30 days since the prior attack, accompanied by worsening of the EDSS (\>= 0.5 points) or in the Functional Systems (FS) scales (2 points on at least one FS scale or 1 point on \>= two FS scales).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE3

Target enrollment

172 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

2 years

Results posted on

2022-09-28

Participant Flow

Recruitment took place from March 2012 through April 2019 at 16 neurology clinics in the United States.

After successful screening, a thirty day run-in period was used to assess compliance with daily subcutaneous glatiramer acetate injections. Participants who missed more than 3 injections during the run-in period were ineligible to be randomized and were withdrawn from further study participation.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Overall Study
STARTED
83
89
Overall Study
Received Allocated Intervention
83
88
Overall Study
Attended at Least 1 Follow-up Visit
82
83
Overall Study
COMPLETED
68
72
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
15
17

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Screening EDSS was used for one high-dose vitamin D3 participant with missing EDSS at baseline.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=83 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=89 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Total
n=172 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
34.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.7 • n=83 Participants
34.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.1 • n=89 Participants
34.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.4 • n=172 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
70 Participants
n=83 Participants
61 Participants
n=89 Participants
131 Participants
n=172 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
13 Participants
n=83 Participants
28 Participants
n=89 Participants
41 Participants
n=172 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
12 Participants
n=83 Participants
18 Participants
n=89 Participants
30 Participants
n=172 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
70 Participants
n=83 Participants
71 Participants
n=89 Participants
141 Participants
n=172 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=83 Participants
0 Participants
n=89 Participants
1 Participants
n=172 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=83 Participants
0 Participants
n=89 Participants
0 Participants
n=172 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants
n=83 Participants
1 Participants
n=89 Participants
2 Participants
n=172 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=83 Participants
0 Participants
n=89 Participants
0 Participants
n=172 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
18 Participants
n=83 Participants
11 Participants
n=89 Participants
29 Participants
n=172 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
61 Participants
n=83 Participants
71 Participants
n=89 Participants
132 Participants
n=172 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=83 Participants
1 Participants
n=89 Participants
1 Participants
n=172 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
3 Participants
n=83 Participants
5 Participants
n=89 Participants
8 Participants
n=172 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
83 Participants
n=83 Participants
89 Participants
n=89 Participants
172 Participants
n=172 Participants
Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score
2.00 units on a scale
n=83 Participants • Screening EDSS was used for one high-dose vitamin D3 participant with missing EDSS at baseline.
2.00 units on a scale
n=89 Participants • Screening EDSS was used for one high-dose vitamin D3 participant with missing EDSS at baseline.
2.00 units on a scale
n=172 Participants • Screening EDSS was used for one high-dose vitamin D3 participant with missing EDSS at baseline.
Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) score
0.5 Z-score
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4 • n=83 Participants
0.6 Z-score
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5 • n=89 Participants
0.5 Z-score
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4 • n=172 Participants
Low-contrast acuity
36 letters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10 • n=83 Participants
34 letters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10 • n=89 Participants
35 letters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10 • n=172 Participants
Health-related Quality of Life
126 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 24 • n=83 Participants
126 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 27 • n=89 Participants
126 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 26 • n=172 Participants
Normalized Brain Parenchymal Volume
1,488,270 microliters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 107,046 • n=74 Participants • Baseline Brain MRI not available or not of sufficient quality to compute measure for 9 low-dose vitamin D3 and 7 high-dose vitamin D3 participants.
1,496,147 microliters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 88,025 • n=82 Participants • Baseline Brain MRI not available or not of sufficient quality to compute measure for 9 low-dose vitamin D3 and 7 high-dose vitamin D3 participants.
1,492,411 microliters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 97,270 • n=156 Participants • Baseline Brain MRI not available or not of sufficient quality to compute measure for 9 low-dose vitamin D3 and 7 high-dose vitamin D3 participants.
Normalized Gray Matter Volume
772,736 microliters
n=74 Participants • Baseline Brain MRI not available or not of sufficient quality to compute measure for 9 low-dose vitamin D3 and 7 high-dose vitamin D3 participants.
781,461 microliters
n=82 Participants • Baseline Brain MRI not available or not of sufficient quality to compute measure for 9 low-dose vitamin D3 and 7 high-dose vitamin D3 participants.
774,469 microliters
n=156 Participants • Baseline Brain MRI not available or not of sufficient quality to compute measure for 9 low-dose vitamin D3 and 7 high-dose vitamin D3 participants.

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Confirmed relapse defined as new or worsening symptoms referable to the central nervous system, lasting at least 24 hours, occurring at least 30 days since the prior attack, accompanied by worsening of the EDSS (\>= 0.5 points) or in the Functional Systems (FS) scales (2 points on at least one FS scale or 1 point on \>= two FS scales).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=82 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=83 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Proportion of Subjects That Experience a Relapse
0.32 proportion of participants
0.34 proportion of participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Average relapses per year

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=82 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=83 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Annualized Relapse Rate
0.20 relapses per participant per year
Interval 0.11 to 0.35
0.34 relapses per participant per year
Interval 0.2 to 0.56

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=82 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=83 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Number of Relapses Requiring Treatment
0.15 relapses
Interval 0.08 to 0.3
0.28 relapses
Interval 0.15 to 0.51

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Population: Participants analyzed had \> 1 MRI during the study (baseline and at least one follow-up MRI of sufficient quality).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=65 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=74 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Number of New or Enlarging T2 Lesions
1.95 lesions
Interval 1.16 to 3.29
2.88 lesions
Interval 1.78 to 4.64

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is an ordinal clinical rating scale based on a standard neurological examination and is used to measure global neurologic impairment in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). It ranges from a minimum of 0.0 (normal examination) to 10.0 (death due to MS) in half-point increments. A participant will be considered to have had sustained progression of disability if there is an increase in the EDSS score at month 12 by at least 1.0 point that is confirmed on the final examination one year later (month 24).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=82 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=83 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Proportion of Participants With Sustained Disability Progression
0.05 proportion of participants
0.08 proportion of participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

The Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) is a three-part measure of disability for people with multiple sclerosis, including measures of leg function/ambulation, arm/hand function and cognitive function. The three independent measures have different units. We take the reciprocal of the arm/hand function test, and then convert all measures to Z-scores. The average of the Z-scores from each measure yields the MSFC composite Z-score. A Z-score of 0 represents the population mean and positive scores indicate less disability. The MSFC was measured at baseline and up to 4 more times over 2 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=82 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=83 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Change in Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) Score
0.051 Z-score
Interval 0.022 to 0.079
0.025 Z-score
Interval -0.003 to 0.053

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Population: Participants analyzed did not have an MS relapse between screening and baseline visits and had at least one low-contrast acuity measure at a follow-up visit.

Low-contrast acuity was measured as binocular vision on a 2.5% Sloan chart at a distance of 2 meters. The chart is used to test the ability to discriminate gradually smaller gray letters with a 2.5% contrast level against a white background. The low-contrast acuity measure is scored as total letters read and ranges from 0 (no letters read) to 60 (all letters read). Low-contrast acuity was measured at baseline and up to 4 more times over 2 years and higher scores indicate better low-contrast acuity.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=79 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=78 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Change in Low-contrast Acuity
0.82 letters
Interval -0.08 to 1.71
1.09 letters
Interval 0.2 to 1.99

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Population: Participants analyzed completed a baseline FAMS questionnaire and at least 1 follow-up FAMS questionnaire.

The Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS) questionnaire is the quality of life (QOL) instrument used in this trial. It consists of 44 questions and the total score has a possible range of 0 to 176, with higher scores indicating better QOL. The FAMS questionnaire was obtained at baseline and up to 4 more times over 2 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=79 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=78 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Change in Health-related Quality of Life
-0.78 score on a scale
Interval -2.38 to 0.82
-2.21 score on a scale
Interval -3.81 to -0.62

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Population: Participants analyzed had \> 1 MRI during the study (baseline MRI and at least one follow-up MRI of sufficient quality).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=65 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=74 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Change in Brain Parenchymal Volume
-0.29 microliters
Interval -0.78 to 0.2
-0.81 microliters
Interval -1.28 to -0.34

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Population: Participants analyzed had \> 1 MRI during the study (baseline MRI and at least one follow-up MRI of sufficient quality).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=65 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=74 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Change in Normalized Gray Matter Volume
-0.15 microliters
Interval -0.73 to 0.45
-0.87 microliters
Interval -1.43 to -0.31

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Population: The quality of the clinical MRI scans acquired for this study prevented the analysis of cortical thickness.

Unable to analyze this outcome measure

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=82 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=83 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Development of Hypercalcemia
0 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 years

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=82 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=83 Participants
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Development of Nephrolithiasis
1 Participants
2 Participants

Adverse Events

Low-dose Vitamin D3

Serious events: 11 serious events
Other events: 66 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

High-dose Vitamin D3

Serious events: 11 serious events
Other events: 63 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=82 participants at risk
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=83 participants at risk
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Endocrine disorders
Hypercalcemia
0.00%
0/82 • Up to 2 years
0.00%
0/83 • Up to 2 years
Renal and urinary disorders
Nephrolithiasis
1.2%
1/82 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years
2.4%
2/83 • Number of events 2 • Up to 2 years
Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
Unplanned pregnancy
6.1%
5/82 • Number of events 6 • Up to 2 years
3.6%
3/83 • Number of events 3 • Up to 2 years
Nervous system disorders
Unplanned hospitalization
1.2%
1/82 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years
3.6%
3/83 • Number of events 7 • Up to 2 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Unplanned hospitalization
0.00%
0/82 • Up to 2 years
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 5 • Up to 2 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Unplanned hospitalization
1.2%
1/82 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years
Psychiatric disorders
Unplanned hospitalization
1.2%
1/82 • Number of events 2 • Up to 2 years
0.00%
0/83 • Up to 2 years
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Unplanned hospitalization
0.00%
0/82 • Up to 2 years
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Unplanned hospitalization
1.2%
1/82 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years
0.00%
0/83 • Up to 2 years
Eye disorders
Unplanned hospitalization
0.00%
0/82 • Up to 2 years
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Planned hospitalization for elective procedure
1.2%
1/82 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Planned hospitalization for elective procedure
0.00%
0/82 • Up to 2 years
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Planned hospitalization for elective procedure
0.00%
0/82 • Up to 2 years
1.2%
1/83 • Number of events 1 • Up to 2 years

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Low-dose Vitamin D3
n=82 participants at risk
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
High-dose Vitamin D3
n=83 participants at risk
Vitamin D3: Patients will be assigned to low dose (600 IU/day) versus high-dose (5000 IU/day) of vitamin D3 as an add-on therapy to glatiramer acetate (Copaxone).
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Upper respiratory infection
34.1%
28/82 • Number of events 44 • Up to 2 years
31.3%
26/83 • Number of events 40 • Up to 2 years
Nervous system disorders
Numbness or tingling
24.4%
20/82 • Number of events 22 • Up to 2 years
24.1%
20/83 • Number of events 21 • Up to 2 years
Nervous system disorders
Headache / worsened headache / migraine
15.9%
13/82 • Number of events 14 • Up to 2 years
21.7%
18/83 • Number of events 22 • Up to 2 years
Nervous system disorders
Fatigue / increased fatigue
17.1%
14/82 • Number of events 14 • Up to 2 years
13.3%
11/83 • Number of events 11 • Up to 2 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Joint pain or swelling
8.5%
7/82 • Number of events 10 • Up to 2 years
13.3%
11/83 • Number of events 12 • Up to 2 years
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Myalgia
12.2%
10/82 • Number of events 11 • Up to 2 years
8.4%
7/83 • Number of events 7 • Up to 2 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Sinusitis
11.0%
9/82 • Number of events 12 • Up to 2 years
4.8%
4/83 • Number of events 5 • Up to 2 years
Psychiatric disorders
Depression / increased depression / severe depression
7.3%
6/82 • Number of events 6 • Up to 2 years
10.8%
9/83 • Number of events 10 • Up to 2 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Influenza
8.5%
7/82 • Number of events 7 • Up to 2 years
7.2%
6/83 • Number of events 6 • Up to 2 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Abdominal pain / cramp / discomfort
9.8%
8/82 • Number of events 8 • Up to 2 years
4.8%
4/83 • Number of events 4 • Up to 2 years
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
7.3%
6/82 • Number of events 7 • Up to 2 years
4.8%
4/83 • Number of events 4 • Up to 2 years
Nervous system disorders
Limb pain
4.9%
4/82 • Number of events 6 • Up to 2 years
4.8%
4/83 • Number of events 4 • Up to 2 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Cough
6.1%
5/82 • Number of events 5 • Up to 2 years
6.0%
5/83 • Number of events 5 • Up to 2 years
Renal and urinary disorders
Urinary tract infection
8.5%
7/82 • Number of events 7 • Up to 2 years
2.4%
2/83 • Number of events 3 • Up to 2 years
Renal and urinary disorders
Urinary dysfunction
3.7%
3/82 • Number of events 3 • Up to 2 years
4.8%
4/83 • Number of events 6 • Up to 2 years
Ear and labyrinth disorders
Dizziness / increased dizziness
4.9%
4/82 • Number of events 4 • Up to 2 years
6.0%
5/83 • Number of events 5 • Up to 2 years
Nervous system disorders
Spasm / cramp (non-abdominal)
3.7%
3/82 • Number of events 3 • Up to 2 years
7.2%
6/83 • Number of events 6 • Up to 2 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Bronchitis
6.1%
5/82 • Number of events 5 • Up to 2 years
4.8%
4/83 • Number of events 4 • Up to 2 years
Psychiatric disorders
Anxiety / worsening anxiety
3.7%
3/82 • Number of events 3 • Up to 2 years
6.0%
5/83 • Number of events 6 • Up to 2 years
Psychiatric disorders
Sleep disorder
6.1%
5/82 • Number of events 5 • Up to 2 years
13.3%
11/83 • Number of events 11 • Up to 2 years
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Sore throat (+/- streptococcal infection)
4.9%
4/82 • Number of events 4 • Up to 2 years
2.4%
2/83 • Number of events 2 • Up to 2 years

Additional Information

Sandra D. Cassard, ScD

The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Phone: 443-287-4353

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place