Protein, Amino Acids & Insulin & Glucagon Secretion in Humans

NCT ID: NCT01471509

Last Updated: 2017-11-08

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

SUSPENDED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

300 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

1982-08-31

Study Completion Date

2017-11-06

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of various foods and/or food substances such as fats or proteins on the blood glucose and insulin concentrations in people with and without type 2 diabetes.

Detailed Description

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Various foods or food substances are given as a test meal. The metabolic response is determined at various times after the administration of the meal (e.g. blood glucose, and other hormones and metabolites).

Conditions

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Type 2 Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome

Keywords

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Glycemic Index LoBAG Diet Insulin Glucagon

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Participants

Study Groups

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Control

240 ml water

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

water, glucose with or without amino acid

Intervention Type OTHER

240 ml water, 50 g glucose ± 1 mmol amino acid/kg lean body mass

glucose

50 g glucose

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

water, glucose with or without amino acid

Intervention Type OTHER

240 ml water, 50 g glucose ± 1 mmol amino acid/kg lean body mass

Amino acid

1 mmol amino acid/kg lean body mass

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

water, glucose with or without amino acid

Intervention Type OTHER

240 ml water, 50 g glucose ± 1 mmol amino acid/kg lean body mass

amino acid plus glucose

50 g glucose plus 1 mmol amino acid/kg lean body mass

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

water, glucose with or without amino acid

Intervention Type OTHER

240 ml water, 50 g glucose ± 1 mmol amino acid/kg lean body mass

Interventions

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water, glucose with or without amino acid

240 ml water, 50 g glucose ± 1 mmol amino acid/kg lean body mass

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

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foods or food constituents

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Subjects with or without type 2 diabetes
* C-Peptide \> 1.5 ng/ml
* Able to come to the Minneapolis VA Medical Center on several occasions over 2-4 weeks

Exclusion Criteria

* Body mass index \> 40
* hematologic abnormalities
* liver disease
* kidney disease
* congestive heart failure
* life threatening malignancies
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

80 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center

FED

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Frank Q. Nuttall, MD, PhD

Section of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Nutrition, Professor of Medicine

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Frank Q Nuttall, M.D., Ph.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Locations

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Minneapolis VA Health Care System

Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Iverson JF, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Ingestion of leucine + phenylalanine with glucose produces an additive effect on serum insulin but less than additive effect on plasma glucose. J Amino Acids. 2013;2013:964637. doi: 10.1155/2013/964637. Epub 2013 Jul 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 23984046 (View on PubMed)

Iverson JF, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Interaction of ingested leucine with glycine on insulin and glucose concentrations. J Amino Acids. 2014;2014:521941. doi: 10.1155/2014/521941. Epub 2014 Jul 10.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25120925 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Mooradian AD, Gannon MC, Billington C, Krezowski P. Effect of protein ingestion on the glucose and insulin response to a standardized oral glucose load. Diabetes Care. 1984 Sep-Oct;7(5):465-70. doi: 10.2337/diacare.7.5.465.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 6389060 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Wald JL, Ahmed M. Plasma glucose and insulin profiles in normal subjects ingesting diets of varying carbohydrate, fat, and protein content. J Am Coll Nutr. 1985;4(4):437-50. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1985.10720086.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 3900180 (View on PubMed)

Krezowski PA, Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Bartosh NH. The effect of protein ingestion on the metabolic response to oral glucose in normal individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Dec;44(6):847-56. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/44.6.847.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 3538843 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Krezowski PA, Billington CJ, Parker S. The serum insulin and plasma glucose responses to milk and fruit products in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 1986 Nov;29(11):784-91. doi: 10.1007/BF00873217.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 3545955 (View on PubMed)

Krezowski PA, Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Billington CJ, Parker S. Insulin and glucose responses to various starch-containing foods in type II diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 1987 Mar-Apr;10(2):205-12. doi: 10.2337/diacare.10.2.205.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 3556106 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Factors affecting interpretation of postprandial glucose and insulin areas. Diabetes Care. 1987 Nov-Dec;10(6):759-63. doi: 10.2337/diacare.10.6.759.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 3322731 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC. Quantitative importance of dietary constituents other than glucose as insulin secretagogues in type II diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1988 Jan;11(1):72-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.11.1.72.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 3276480 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Neil BJ, Westphal SA. The insulin and glucose responses to meals of glucose plus various proteins in type II diabetic subjects. Metabolism. 1988 Nov;37(11):1081-8. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(88)90072-8.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 3054432 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Westphal SA, Neil BJ, Seaquist ER. Effects of dose of ingested glucose on plasma metabolite and hormone responses in type II diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care. 1989 Sep;12(8):544-52. doi: 10.2337/diacare.12.8.544.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 2673694 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC. Metabolic response to egg white and cottage cheese protein in normal subjects. Metabolism. 1990 Jul;39(7):749-55. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90112-p.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 2195298 (View on PubMed)

Westphal SA, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Metabolic response to glucose ingested with various amounts of protein. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Aug;52(2):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/52.2.267.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 2197851 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Quantitation of the glucose area response to a meal. Diabetes Care. 1990 Oct;13(10):1095-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.13.10.1095a. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 2209312 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC. Plasma glucose and insulin response to macronutrients in nondiabetic and NIDDM subjects. Diabetes Care. 1991 Sep;14(9):824-38. doi: 10.2337/diacare.14.9.824.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 1959475 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Burmeister LA, Lane JT, Pyzdrowski KL. The metabolic response to various doses of fructose in type II diabetic subjects. Metabolism. 1992 May;41(5):510-7. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90210-2.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 1588830 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Lane JT, Burmeister LA. Metabolic response to cottage cheese or egg white protein, with or without glucose, in type II diabetic subjects. Metabolism. 1992 Oct;41(10):1137-45. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90300-y.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 1406301 (View on PubMed)

Khan MA, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Glucose appearance rate following protein ingestion in normal subjects. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992 Dec;11(6):701-6. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1992.10718270.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 1460185 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Ercan N, Westphal SA, Nuttall FQ. Effect of added fat on plasma glucose and insulin response to ingested potato in individuals with NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1993 Jun;16(6):874-80. doi: 10.2337/diacare.16.6.874.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8325201 (View on PubMed)

Ercan N, Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Lane JT, Burmeister LA, Westphal SA. Plasma glucose and insulin responses to bananas of varying ripeness in persons with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr. 1993 Dec;12(6):703-9. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1993.10718362.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8294726 (View on PubMed)

Ercan N, Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Redmon JB, Sheridan KJ. Effects of glucose, galactose, and lactose ingestion on the plasma glucose and insulin response in persons with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1993 Dec;42(12):1560-7. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(93)90151-d.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8246770 (View on PubMed)

Ercan N, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Effect of added fat on the plasma glucose and insulin response to ingested potato given in various combinations as two meals in normal individuals. Diabetes Care. 1994 Dec;17(12):1453-9. doi: 10.2337/diacare.17.12.1453.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 7882816 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Lane JT, Fang S, Gupta V, Sandhofer CR. Effect of 24 hours of starvation on plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in subjects with untreated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 1996 Apr;45(4):492-7. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(96)90225-5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 8609837 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Grant CT, Ercan-Fang S, Ercan-Fang N. Stimulation of insulin secretion by fructose ingested with protein in people with untreated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998 Jan;21(1):16-22. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.1.16.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 9538964 (View on PubMed)

Holtschlag DJ, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. State-space models of insulin and glucose responses to diets of varying nutrient content in men and women. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1998 Sep;85(3):935-45. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.3.935.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 9729567 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Westphal SA, Fang S, Ercan-Fang N. Acute metabolic response to high-carbohydrate, high-starch meals compared with moderate-carbohydrate, low-starch meals in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998 Oct;21(10):1619-26. doi: 10.2337/diacare.21.10.1619.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 9773720 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Khan MA, Gannon MC. Peripheral glucose appearance rate following fructose ingestion in normal subjects. Metabolism. 2000 Dec;49(12):1565-71. doi: 10.1053/meta.2000.18553.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 11145118 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Khan MA, Nuttall FQ. Glucose appearance rate after the ingestion of galactose. Metabolism. 2001 Jan;50(1):93-8. doi: 10.1053/meta.2001.19442.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 11172481 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall JA, Damberg G, Gupta V, Nuttall FQ. Effect of protein ingestion on the glucose appearance rate in people with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Mar;86(3):1040-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.3.7263.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 11238483 (View on PubMed)

Saeed A, Jones SA, Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC. A fasting-induced decrease in plasma glucose concentration does not affect the insulin response to ingested protein in people with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2002 Aug;51(8):1027-33. doi: 10.1053/meta.2002.34033.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12145777 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall JA, Nuttall FQ. Oral arginine does not stimulate an increase in insulin concentration but delays glucose disposal. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;76(5):1016-22. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.5.1016.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12399273 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall JA, Nuttall FQ. The metabolic response to ingested glycine. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;76(6):1302-7. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1302.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12450897 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Saeed A, Jordan K, Hoover H. The metabolic response of subjects with type 2 diabetes to a high-protein, weight-maintenance diet. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Aug;88(8):3577-83. doi: 10.1210/jc.2003-030419.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12915639 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ, Saeed A, Jordan K, Hoover H. An increase in dietary protein improves the blood glucose response in persons with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Oct;78(4):734-41. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/78.4.734.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 14522731 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC, Jordan K. The metabolic response to ingestion of proline with and without glucose. Metabolism. 2004 Feb;53(2):241-6. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2003.09.013.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 14767878 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004 Sep;53(9):2375-82. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.53.9.2375.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 15331548 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Gannon MC. The metabolic response to a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2006 Feb;55(2):243-51. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.08.027.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16423633 (View on PubMed)

Nuttall FQ, Schweim KJ, Gannon MC. Effect of orally administered phenylalanine with and without glucose on insulin, glucagon and glucose concentrations. Horm Metab Res. 2006 Aug;38(8):518-23. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-949523.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16941278 (View on PubMed)

Kalogeropoulou D, Lafave L, Schweim K, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Leucine, when ingested with glucose, synergistically stimulates insulin secretion and lowers blood glucose. Metabolism. 2008 Dec;57(12):1747-52. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.09.001.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19013300 (View on PubMed)

Kalogeropoulou D, LaFave L, Schweim K, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Lysine ingestion markedly attenuates the glucose response to ingested glucose without a change in insulin response. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Aug;90(2):314-20. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27381. Epub 2009 Jun 24.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 19553295 (View on PubMed)

Radulescu A, Hassan Y, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. The degree of saturation of fatty acids in dietary fats does not affect the metabolic response to ingested carbohydrate. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Jun;28(3):286-95. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2009.10719783.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20150602 (View on PubMed)

Radulescu A, Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. The effect on glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, total and acyl-ghrelin of dietary fats ingested with and without potato. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jul;95(7):3385-91. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-2559. Epub 2010 May 5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20444922 (View on PubMed)

Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Amino acid ingestion and glucose metabolism--a review. IUBMB Life. 2010 Sep;62(9):660-8. doi: 10.1002/iub.375.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20882645 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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676

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id