Comparing Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy to Prolonged Exposure
NCT ID: NCT01459705
Last Updated: 2015-12-14
Study Results
Results available
Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.
View full resultsBasic Information
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Recruitment Status
COMPLETED
Clinical Phase
NA
Total Enrollment
162 participants
Study Classification
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Start Date
2011-10-31
Study Completion Date
2014-05-31
Brief Summary
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This study is evaluating the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) by comparing it to prolonged exposure therapy (PE) and a waitlist(WL) group for the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in active duty (AD) Soldiers with combat-related trauma. The investigators will test the general hypothesis that 10 sessions of VRET or PE will successfully treat PTSD, therapeutically affect levels of physiological arousal, and significantly reduce perceptions of stigma toward seeking behavioral health services.
Detailed Description
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The rationale for this study is based on growing evidence demonstrating that VRET is an efficacious treatment for PTSD and holds the potential to improve access to care for Soldiers who would otherwise avoid treatment. Although PE is considered one of the most effective cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) for treatments for PTSD, there are reasons why it may not be the most viable option for many Soldiers. First, prolonged exposure requires a level of emotional engagement during exposure to the trauma that many patients are unable to obtain. Second, stigma and concerns about how Soldiers will be perceived by peers and leadership has a dramatic impact on whether a Soldier will seek care. VRET may address these concerns and may also improve treatment outcomes and access to care by augmenting the patient's re-living of the trauma with a sensory-rich environment and moderating stigma perceptions by offering non-traditional treatment that is a preferable option for many Soldiers who are reluctant to seek out traditional talk therapies. Despite its promise as a viable treatment option, few studies have examined VRET for combat-related PTSD and there are no published studies that have compared VRET to PE in the treatment of combat-related PTSD. Positive results may provide new treatment options for all Soldiers, but should prove to be an especially attractive option for Soldiers who either do not respond to, or are reluctant to engage in other established therapies such as PE.
Conditions
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Stress Disorders
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Keywords
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Combat Disorders
Exposure Therapy
Army Personnel
Study Design
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Allocation Method
RANDOMIZED
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Primary Study Purpose
TREATMENT
Blinding Strategy
SINGLE
Outcome Assessors
Study Groups
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Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)
The PE protocol is based on manualized procedures, which are derived from the theory that effective treatment for PTSD requires that the underlying pathological fear structure be activated and paired with new information that is incompatible with the fear structure. PE involves imaginal exposure and in vivo exposure as the two primary strategies to elicit repeated confrontation of feared but objectively safe thoughts, feelings, situations and events.
Group Type
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
Prolonged exposure therapy will consist of 10 treatment sessions lasting 90 - 120 minutes each, with additional between-session homework assignments.
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET)
The VRET protocol follows the same procedures as the PE protocol with the primary exception being that all instances of imaginal exposure will be augmented by immersion into Virtual Iraq environments, thus creating a situation known as immersive exposure.
Group Type
EXPERIMENTAL
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET)
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy will consist of 10 treatment sessions lasting 90 -120 minutes with additional between-session homework assignments.
Waitlist
The waitlist (WL) participants will be asked to refrain from psychotherapy during the 5 weeks of study participation.
Group Type
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Waitlist
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
This group will refrain from psychotherapy until after the completion of the 5 weeks of study participation
Interventions
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Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)
Prolonged exposure therapy will consist of 10 treatment sessions lasting 90 - 120 minutes each, with additional between-session homework assignments.
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET)
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy will consist of 10 treatment sessions lasting 90 -120 minutes with additional between-session homework assignments.
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
Waitlist
This group will refrain from psychotherapy until after the completion of the 5 weeks of study participation
Intervention Type
BEHAVIORAL
Other Intervention Names
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PE
VRE
VRET
WL
Waitlist Control Group
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* PTSD diagnosis as assessed by CAPS
* history of deployment in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/ Operation Enduring Freedom(OIF/OEF)
* non sexually based deployment related trauma
* three or more months since index trauma
* stable on psychotropic medication for 30 days
* history of deployment in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom/ Operation Enduring Freedom(OIF/OEF)
* non sexually based deployment related trauma
* three or more months since index trauma
* stable on psychotropic medication for 30 days
Exclusion Criteria
* index trauma in the last three months
* history of schizophrenia, other psychotic or bipolar disorder
* history of organic brain disorder
* suicidal risk or intent or self-mutilating behavior requiring hospitalization in the last 6 months
* ongoing threatening situation
* current drug or alcohol dependence
* history of seizures
* prior history of PE for PTSD
* other current psychotherapy
* physical condition that interferes with proper use of Virtual Reality head mounted display
* history of loss of consciousness since entering active duty service greater than 15 minutes history of schizophrenia, other psychotic or bipolar disorder
* history of schizophrenia, other psychotic or bipolar disorder
* history of organic brain disorder
* suicidal risk or intent or self-mutilating behavior requiring hospitalization in the last 6 months
* ongoing threatening situation
* current drug or alcohol dependence
* history of seizures
* prior history of PE for PTSD
* other current psychotherapy
* physical condition that interferes with proper use of Virtual Reality head mounted display
* history of loss of consciousness since entering active duty service greater than 15 minutes history of schizophrenia, other psychotic or bipolar disorder
Minimum Eligible Age
18 Years
Maximum Eligible Age
65 Years
Eligible Sex
ALL
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Sponsors
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The Geneva Foundation
OTHER
Sponsor Role
collaborator
National Center for Telehealth and Technology
FED
Sponsor Role
lead
Responsible Party
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Responsibility Role
SPONSOR
Principal Investigators
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Gregory A Gahm, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
DCoE- National Center for Telehealth and Technology
Greg Reger, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
DCoE - National Center for Telehealth and Technology
Locations
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Womack Clinical Psychology Service
Fort Bragg, North Carolina, United States
Site Status
Countries
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United States
References
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RESULT
Difede J, Cukor J, Jayasinghe N, Patt I, Jedel S, Spielman L, Giosan C, Hoffman HG. Virtual reality exposure therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder following September 11, 2001. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;68(11):1639-47.
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RESULT
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RESULT
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RESULT
Simms LJ, Watson D, Doebbeling BN. Confirmatory factor analyses of posttraumatic stress symptoms in deployed and nondeployed veterans of the Gulf War. J Abnorm Psychol. 2002 Nov;111(4):637-47. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.111.4.637.
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RESULT
Hoge CW, Auchterlonie JL, Milliken CS. Mental health problems, use of mental health services, and attrition from military service after returning from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. JAMA. 2006 Mar 1;295(9):1023-32. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.9.1023.
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RESULT
Seal KH, Bertenthal D, Miner CR, Sen S, Marmar C. Bringing the war back home: mental health disorders among 103,788 US veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan seen at Department of Veterans Affairs facilities. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Mar 12;167(5):476-82. doi: 10.1001/archinte.167.5.476.
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RESULT
Other Identifiers
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W81XWH-11-2-0007
Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT
Identifier Source: secondary_id
112226
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id