The Effect of Proximity on Flu-Shot Participation

NCT ID: NCT01455753

Last Updated: 2017-12-18

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Total Enrollment: 1801 participants
• Study Classification: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2011-10-31
• Study Completion Date: 2012-05-31

Brief Summary

Using desk location information and employees' building entry/exit swipe card data from a company that offered a free 2-day worksite influenza vaccination clinic, we separately identify the vaccination effects of base proximity-the inverse of walking distance between one's desk and the clinic-and functional proximity-the likelihood of passing near the clinic during the course of a normal work day (ie, days when the clinic is not open).

Detailed Description

We study the 2011 influenza vaccine uptake of employees at the headquarters of a health benefits administrator in the United States. These employees are generally not health care personnel. All of them have health insurance. Of the company's total workforce (including those not based at the headquarters), 26% are African Americans and 37% are racial minorities.

There are 2 main buildings at the company headquarters. Building One houses 520 employees and is the site of the vaccination clinic; Building Two houses 1281 employees. The 2 buildings are 131 meters apart and connected by an enclosed passageway. The clinic was located near the cafeteria in Building One and adjacent to the passageway connecting the 2 buildings. The clinic was conducted from October 19 to 20, 2011, and it was advertised during the 3 weeks prior.

The company requires employees to swipe a personalized electronic badge to open the external doors of its buildings, which include the doors to the passageway between the buildings. The company provided us data on the date and time of each swipe in September and October 2011. If an employee swipes her badge and holds the door open for another employee, we do not observe that other employee. The badge swipe data are therefore an incomplete measure of all movements between the buildings. The company also gave us data on employee characteristics and vaccination uptake, scaled architectural plans of the buildings, and employee desk maps.

Conditions

Influenza; Human

Study Design

• Observational Model Type: OTHER
• Study Time Perspective: RETROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

Employees

A total of 1,801 employees of a health benefits administrator that held a free workplace influenza vaccination clinic.

Functional Proximity

Intervention Type: OTHER

Using each employee's building entry/exit swipe card data, we test whether functional proximity-the likelihood that the employee walks by the clinic for reasons other than vaccination-predicts whether the employee gets vaccinated at the clinic.

Base Proximity

Intervention Type: OTHER

We also test whether base proximity-the inverse of walking distance from the employee's desk to the clinic-predicts vaccination probability.

Interventions

Functional Proximity

Using each employee's building entry/exit swipe card data, we test whether functional proximity-the likelihood that the employee walks by the clinic for reasons other than vaccination-predicts whether the employee gets vaccinated at the clinic.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Base Proximity

We also test whether base proximity-the inverse of walking distance from the employee's desk to the clinic-predicts vaccination probability.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Employee of Express Scripts.
• Eligible to receive a flu shot at Express Scripts.
• Over 18 years of age.

Exclusion Criteria

• Children
• Non Express Scripts employees

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

National Institute on Aging (NIA)

NIH

Sponsor Role: collaborator

National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

David I Laibson, Ph.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

National Bureau of Economic Research, Harvard University

Locations

Express Scripts

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Countries

United States

References

Beshears J, Choi JJ, Laibson DI, Madrian BC, Reynolds GI. Vaccination Rates are Associated With Functional Proximity But Not Base Proximity of Vaccination Clinics. Med Care. 2016 Jun;54(6):578-83. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000523.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 27177295 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

P30AG034532

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

P01AG005842

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

0006

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id