Data-driven Quality Improvement in Primary Care - Trial

NCT ID: NCT01425502

Last Updated: 2016-02-02

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

33 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2012-09-30

Study Completion Date

2014-07-31

Brief Summary

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A cluster randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of an informatics tool, educational and financial incentives to reduce high risk prescribing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-platelet agents.

Detailed Description

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The trial described here is part of a programme which aimed to design a complex, primary care prescribing safety improvement intervention and test its effectiveness in a randomised controlled trial.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antiplatelet drugs such as low dose aspirin and clopidogrel are responsible for a significant proportion of hospital admissions due to preventable adverse drug events (ADE), and are the drugs most commonly associated with fatal ADEs. Previous research has identified groups of patients and patterns of co-prescription in which use of these drugs is particularly high-risk , and national prescribing and safety guidance has embedded this research in clear recommendations to either avoid prescribing or to do so only when there is no alternative, and with caution. In previous epidemiological work, we have shown that high-risk use of NSAIDs, aspirin and clopidogrel is common, and pilot work in four practices has shown that focused review of prescribing by the practice reduced the targeted high-risk NSAID prescribing by approximately 40% after one round of feedback. This effect size is consistent with the PINCER trial where the intervention was a pharmacist facilitated review process.

We hypothesise that a multi-faceted intervention comprising of (1) educational outreach, (2) use of an informatics tool to monitor prescribing patterns at practice level and to prompt and facilitate the review of individual patients at risk of ADEs and (3) a small financial incentive to review patients will reduce rates of high-risk prescribing.

The specific research questions addressed by the trial are:

1. Does the intervention reduce the specified primary outcome of a composite measure of high risk non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin and clopidogrel prescribing?
2. Does the intervention reduce the specified secondary outcomes of: the nine individual measures constituting the composite; related admissions to hospital; repeat vs new prescribing?
3. If found to be effective, then is the intervention cost-effective?

The trial will use a stepped-wedge design, which is particularly suited to a sequential roll-out of an intensive and informatics based intervention focusing on patient safety. In this design, all participating practices receive the intervention, but are randomised to a starting time. At the point of entering the intervention phase of the trial, all practices will receive an educational outreach visit which will include training in the use of the informatics tool.

The informatics tool will provide regular feedback of any change in rates of high-risk prescribing for each individual measure and the composite measure, with the ability to drill-down to individual patient level and review a summary of each patient's relevant conditions and prescribing.

Conditions

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Drug Safety

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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All practices

The design is a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial. All participating practices therefore receive the intervention at a start time which is randomised.

Group Type OTHER

DQIP Intervention

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

The DQIP intervention comprises of:

* Educational outreach
* Information technology application
* Financial incentives

Interventions

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DQIP Intervention

The DQIP intervention comprises of:

* Educational outreach
* Information technology application
* Financial incentives

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* General medical practices in NHS Fife and NHS Tayside with a compatible clinical IT system and agreeing to participate.
* Practices that agree to have relevant medication related data to be automatically extracted from their electronic clinical information systems from 1/10/10 to 30/9/13 (ie 12 months before first practice starts till 12 months after last practice starts).

Exclusion Criteria

* Practices that use General Practice Administration System for Scotland (GPASS) or Egton Medicine Information System (EMIS) on the date of randomisation, since data extraction for the informatics requires Vision practice IT system.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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NHS Tayside

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

NHS Fife

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Dundee

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Bruce Guthrie

Professor of Primary Care Medicine

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Bruce Guthrie, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Dundee

Locations

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NHS Fife

General Practices Across Fife, , United Kingdom

Site Status

NHS Tayside

General Practices Across Tayside, , United Kingdom

Site Status

Countries

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United Kingdom

References

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Howard RL, Avery AJ, Slavenburg S, Royal S, Pipe G, Lucassen P, Pirmohamed M. Which drugs cause preventable admissions to hospital? A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007 Feb;63(2):136-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02698.x. Epub 2006 Jun 26.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16803468 (View on PubMed)

Zullo A, Hassan C, Campo SM, Morini S. Bleeding peptic ulcer in the elderly: risk factors and prevention strategies. Drugs Aging. 2007;24(10):815-28. doi: 10.2165/00002512-200724100-00003.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17896831 (View on PubMed)

Delaney JA, Opatrny L, Brophy JM, Suissa S. Drug drug interactions between antithrombotic medications and the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. CMAJ. 2007 Aug 14;177(4):347-51. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.070186.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17698822 (View on PubMed)

Hart J, Hawkey CJ, Lanas A, Naesdal J, Talley NJ, Thomson AB, Yeomans ND. Predictors of gastroduodenal erosions in patients taking low-dose aspirin. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jan;31(1):143-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04133.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19709095 (View on PubMed)

Loboz KK, Shenfield GM. Drug combinations and impaired renal function -- the 'triple whammy'. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;59(2):239-43. doi: 10.1111/j.0306-5251.2004.2188.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15676048 (View on PubMed)

Harirforoosh S, Jamali F. Renal adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2009 Nov;8(6):669-81. doi: 10.1517/14740330903311023.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19832117 (View on PubMed)

Guthrie B, McCowan C, Davey P, Simpson CR, Dreischulte T, Barnett K. High risk prescribing in primary care patients particularly vulnerable to adverse drug events: cross sectional population database analysis in Scottish general practice. BMJ. 2011 Jun 21;342:d3514. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d3514.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 21693525 (View on PubMed)

Avery A, Rodgers S. The PINCER trial ('A cluster randomised trial to determine the effectiveness, costs/benefits and acceptability of a pharmacist-led, IT-based intervention compared with simple feedback in reducing rates of clinically important instances of potentially hazardous prescribing and medicines management in general practice'): final report. Nottingham, University of Nottingham 2010.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Brown CA, Lilford RJ. The stepped wedge trial design: a systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2006 Nov 8;6:54. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-6-54.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17092344 (View on PubMed)

Grant A, Bugge C, Wells M. Designing process evaluations using case study to explore the context of complex interventions evaluated in trials. Trials. 2020 Nov 27;21(1):982. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04880-4.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 33246496 (View on PubMed)

Dreischulte T, Grant A, Hapca A, Guthrie B. Process evaluation of the Data-driven Quality Improvement in Primary Care (DQIP) trial: quantitative examination of variation between practices in recruitment, implementation and effectiveness. BMJ Open. 2018 Jan 5;8(1):e017133. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017133.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 29306877 (View on PubMed)

Grant A, Dreischulte T, Guthrie B. Process evaluation of the Data-driven Quality Improvement in Primary Care (DQIP) trial: case study evaluation of adoption and maintenance of a complex intervention to reduce high-risk primary care prescribing. BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 10;7(3):e015281. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015281.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 28283493 (View on PubMed)

Grant A, Dreischulte T, Guthrie B. Process evaluation of the data-driven quality improvement in primary care (DQIP) trial: active and less active ingredients of a multi-component complex intervention to reduce high-risk primary care prescribing. Implement Sci. 2017 Jan 7;12(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13012-016-0531-2.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 28061794 (View on PubMed)

Dreischulte T, Donnan P, Grant A, Hapca A, McCowan C, Guthrie B. Safer Prescribing--A Trial of Education, Informatics, and Financial Incentives. N Engl J Med. 2016 Mar 17;374(11):1053-64. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1508955.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 26981935 (View on PubMed)

Grant AM, Guthrie B, Dreischulte T. Developing a complex intervention to improve prescribing safety in primary care: mixed methods feasibility and optimisation pilot study. BMJ Open. 2014 Jan 21;4(1):e004153. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004153.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 24448848 (View on PubMed)

Grant A, Treweek S, Dreischulte T, Foy R, Guthrie B. Process evaluations for cluster-randomised trials of complex interventions: a proposed framework for design and reporting. Trials. 2013 Jan 12;14:15. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-15.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 23311722 (View on PubMed)

Grant A, Dreischulte T, Treweek S, Guthrie B. Study protocol of a mixed-methods evaluation of a cluster randomized trial to improve the safety of NSAID and antiplatelet prescribing: data-driven quality improvement in primary care. Trials. 2012 Aug 28;13:154. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-154.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 22929598 (View on PubMed)

Dreischulte T, Grant A, Donnan P, McCowan C, Davey P, Petrie D, Treweek S, Guthrie B. A cluster randomised stepped wedge trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted information technology-based intervention in reducing high-risk prescribing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antiplatelets in primary medical care: the DQIP study protocol. Implement Sci. 2012 Mar 23;7:24. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-7-24.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 22444945 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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ARPG/07/2

Identifier Type: OTHER_GRANT

Identifier Source: secondary_id

2011PS05

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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