Ketamine Versus Co-administration of Ketamine and Propofol for Procedural Sedation in a Pediatric Emergency Department

NCT ID: NCT01387139

Last Updated: 2017-12-08

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

183 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2011-01-31

Study Completion Date

2017-11-03

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of the co-administration of intravenous ketamine and propofol to intravenous ketamine as a single agent for procedural sedation in the pediatric emergency department. The investigators hypothesize that patients receiving co-administration of ketamine and propofol will have a lower rate of adverse events, compared to patients receiving ketamine for procedural sedation.

Detailed Description

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Procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) is a frequent occurrence in pediatric emergency departments. The goals of PSA include maximizing analgesia and amnesia, and minimizing adverse events while ensuring stable cardiopulmonary function. For decades, ketamine has been the main pharmacologic agent used for pediatric PSA. Numerous studies support the use of ketamine for sedation, amnesia, and analgesia on children undergoing painful procedures in the emergency department setting. Research has continually shown ketamine to cause emergence phenomenon, laryngospasm and vomiting.

Propofol is a sedative-hypnotic widely used for procedural sedation in adult emergency departments. The advantages of propofol include rapid onset, with quick and predictable recovery time, and antiemetic effects. Disadvantages include dose-dependent hypotension, bradycardia, respiratory depression, as well as pain with injection. In addition, propofol does not provide any analgesia.

Ketamine and propofol administered together have been successfully utilized in a variety of settings, including dermatologic, cardiovascular, and interventional radiological procedures in children. The co-administration of ketamine and propofol has been shown to preserve sedation while minimizing the respective adverse events. When used in combination, doses administered of each can be reduced, while producing a more stable hemodynamic and respiratory profile. Furthermore, this combination may reduce the frequency of emergence reactions, vomiting, and the pain of propofol injection.

To date, there are no randomized controlled trials evaluating the co-administration of ketamine and propofol versus ketamine monotherapy for PSA in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Conditions

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Procedural Sedation and Analgesia

Keywords

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Ketamine Propofol Procedural Sedation and Analgesia

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

TRIPLE

Participants Caregivers Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Ketamine Alone

1.0 milligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) ketamine with additional doses of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine as needed (maximum single dose based on 100 kilogram (kg) person)

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Ketamine

Intervention Type DRUG

1.0 milligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) ketamine with additional doses of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine as needed (maximum single dose based on 100 kilogram (kg) person)

Ketamine Co-Administered with Propofol

0.5 mg/kg ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg propofol with additional doses of 0.25 mg/kg ketamine and 0.25 mg/kg propofol as needed (maximum single dose based on 100 kg person)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Ketamine Co-administered with Propofol

Intervention Type DRUG

0.5 mg/kg ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg propofol with additional doses of 0.25 mg/kg ketamine and 0.25 mg/kg propofol as needed (maximum single dose based on 100 kg person)

Interventions

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Ketamine

1.0 milligrams/kilogram (mg/kg) ketamine with additional doses of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine as needed (maximum single dose based on 100 kilogram (kg) person)

Intervention Type DRUG

Ketamine Co-administered with Propofol

0.5 mg/kg ketamine and 0.5 mg/kg propofol with additional doses of 0.25 mg/kg ketamine and 0.25 mg/kg propofol as needed (maximum single dose based on 100 kg person)

Intervention Type DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Ages \> 3 years and \< 21 years
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II
* Fracture or dislocation requiring reduction under procedural sedation with ketamine as deemed by the attending emergency medicine physician
* Parent/Legal Guardian or Patient (if 18 years of age or older) has already given verbal consent for procedural sedation as part of standard care for their condition

Exclusion Criteria

* Hypertension (Blood Pressure \> 95th percentile for age)
* Glaucoma or acute globe injury
* Increased intracranial pressure or central nervous system mass lesion
* Porphyria
* Previous allergic reaction to ketamine
* Previous allergic reaction to Propofol or its components including soybean oil, glycerol, egg lecithin, and disodium edentate
* Disorders of lipid metabolism including primary hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetic hyperlipemia, or pancreatitis
* Mitochondrial myopathies or disorders of electron transport
* Pregnancy
* Parent, guardian or patient unwilling/unable to provide informed consent/assent
Minimum Eligible Age

3 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

21 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Colorado Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Colorado, Denver

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Lalit Bajaj, MD, MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Colorado, Denver

Keith Weisz, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Colorado, Denver

Locations

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Children's Hospital Colorado

Aurora, Colorado, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Roback MG, Wathen JE, Bajaj L, Bothner JP. Adverse events associated with procedural sedation and analgesia in a pediatric emergency department: a comparison of common parenteral drugs. Acad Emerg Med. 2005 Jun;12(6):508-13. doi: 10.1197/j.aem.2004.12.009.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15930401 (View on PubMed)

Wathen JE, Roback MG, Mackenzie T, Bothner JP. Does midazolam alter the clinical effects of intravenous ketamine sedation in children? A double-blind, randomized, controlled, emergency department trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2000 Dec;36(6):579-88. doi: 10.1067/mem.2000.111131.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11097698 (View on PubMed)

Akin A, Esmaoglu A, Guler G, Demircioglu R, Narin N, Boyaci A. Propofol and propofol-ketamine in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Pediatr Cardiol. 2005 Sep-Oct;26(5):553-7. doi: 10.1007/s00246-004-0707-4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16132313 (View on PubMed)

Akin A, Esmaoglu A, Tosun Z, Gulcu N, Aydogan H, Boyaci A. Comparison of propofol with propofol-ketamine combination in pediatric patients undergoing auditory brainstem response testing. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2005 Nov;69(11):1541-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.04.011. Epub 2005 Jun 3.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15936092 (View on PubMed)

Akin A, Guler G, Esmaoglu A, Bedirli N, Boyaci A. A comparison of fentanyl-propofol with a ketamine-propofol combination for sedation during endometrial biopsy. J Clin Anesth. 2005 May;17(3):187-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2004.06.019.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15896585 (View on PubMed)

Barbi E, Marchetti F, Gerarduzzi T, Neri E, Gagliardo A, Sarti A, Ventura A. Pretreatment with intravenous ketamine reduces propofol injection pain. Paediatr Anaesth. 2003 Nov;13(9):764-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.01150.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 14617116 (View on PubMed)

Sharieff GQ, Trocinski DR, Kanegaye JT, Fisher B, Harley JR. Ketamine-propofol combination sedation for fracture reduction in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2007 Dec;23(12):881-4. doi: 10.1097/pec.0b013e31815c9df6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18091596 (View on PubMed)

Willman EV, Andolfatto G. A prospective evaluation of "ketofol" (ketamine/propofol combination) for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2007 Jan;49(1):23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.08.002. Epub 2006 Oct 23.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17059854 (View on PubMed)

Cravero JP, Beach ML, Blike GT, Gallagher SM, Hertzog JH; Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. The incidence and nature of adverse events during pediatric sedation/anesthesia with propofol for procedures outside the operating room: a report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Anesth Analg. 2009 Mar;108(3):795-804. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e31818fc334.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19224786 (View on PubMed)

American Academy of Pediatrics; American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; Cote CJ, Wilson S; Work Group on Sedation. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: an update. Pediatrics. 2006 Dec;118(6):2587-602. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-2780.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17142550 (View on PubMed)

Bhatt M, Kennedy RM, Osmond MH, Krauss B, McAllister JD, Ansermino JM, Evered LM, Roback MG; Consensus Panel on Sedation Research of Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) and the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN). Consensus-based recommendations for standardizing terminology and reporting adverse events for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Apr;53(4):426-435.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.09.030. Epub 2008 Nov 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19026467 (View on PubMed)

Macnab AJ, Levine M, Glick N, Phillips N, Susak L, Elliott M. The Vancouver sedative recovery scale for children: validation and reliability of scoring based on videotaped instruction. Can J Anaesth. 1994 Oct;41(10):913-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03010934.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8001210 (View on PubMed)

Bieri D, Reeve RA, Champion DG, Addicoat L, Ziegler JB. The Faces Pain Scale for the self-assessment of the severity of pain experienced by children: development, initial validation, and preliminary investigation for ratio scale properties. Pain. 1990 May;41(2):139-150. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(90)90018-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 2367140 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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10-0835

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id