Trial Outcomes & Findings for Self-Defense Training in Women With Trauma (NCT NCT01380379)

Last Updated: 2017-02-01

Results Overview

General self-efficacy (Schwartz and Jerusalem, 1993) is a measure of one's perceived self-competence. Scores are summed across 10 items, and range between 10-40, where higher scores reflect a stronger sense of personal competence.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

9 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Change in GSE from baseline to 8 weeks

Results posted on

2017-02-01

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Life Skills and Self-defense Training Women will participate in a therapeutic group which covers education, skills, and empowerment activities. Life skills and self-defense training: 8 week class which meets once per week for 2.5 hours. Each class contains the following components: 1) life skills/education training. This includes basic education about physical and sexual assaults, assault risks, dating and communication, assertiveness training and boundary setting, 2) physical self-defense training, 3) supportive therapy/debriefing.
Overall Study STARTED	9
Overall Study COMPLETED	8
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Life Skills and Self-defense Training Women will participate in a therapeutic group which covers education, skills, and empowerment activities. Life skills and self-defense training: 8 week class which meets once per week for 2.5 hours. Each class contains the following components: 1) life skills/education training. This includes basic education about physical and sexual assaults, assault risks, dating and communication, assertiveness training and boundary setting, 2) physical self-defense training, 3) supportive therapy/debriefing.
Overall Study Pregnancy	1

Baseline Characteristics

Self-Defense Training in Women With Trauma

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Life Skills and Self-defense Training n=9 Participants Women will participate in a therapeutic group which covers education, skills, and empowerment activities. Life skills and self-defense training: 8 week class which meets once per week for 2.5 hours. Each class contains the following components: 1) life skills/education training. This includes basic education about physical and sexual assaults, assault risks, dating and communication, assertiveness training and boundary setting, 2) physical self-defense training, 3) supportive therapy/debriefing.
Age, Continuous	46.38 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.6 • n=93 Participants
Gender Female	9 Participants n=93 Participants
Gender Male	0 Participants n=93 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=93 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	4 Participants n=93 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=93 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	0 Participants n=93 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	5 Participants n=93 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=93 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=93 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	9 Participants n=93 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Change in GSE from baseline to 8 weeks

Population: The data is the change in general self efficacy from baseline to post-class, with higher scores indicating a greater increase in self-efficacy

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Life Skills and Self-defense Training n=8 Participants Women will participate in a therapeutic group which covers education, skills, and empowerment activities. Life skills and self-defense training: 8 week class which meets once per week for 2.5 hours. Each class contains the following components: 1) life skills/education training. This includes basic education about physical and sexual assaults, assault risks, dating and communication, assertiveness training and boundary setting, 2) physical self-defense training, 3) supportive therapy/debriefing.
Change in Self-efficacy From Baseline to Post-treatment Baseline General Self efficacy	23.38 units on a scale Standard Deviation 5.8
Change in Self-efficacy From Baseline to Post-treatment Week 8 (post-class) GSE	29.63 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Change in assertiveness from baseline to post-class (8 weeks)

Measured by the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (Rathus, 1973). Rathus Assertiveness Scale is a 30-item scale assessing assertive behavior in a variety of situations. Each item is rated on a 6-point Likert scale from +3 (very characteristic of me) to -3 (very uncharacteristic of me). Total scores range from +90, which is equivalent of very assertive behavior to -90, which is equivalent to very unassertive behavior. The positive change indicates an increase in assertive behavior.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Life Skills and Self-defense Training n=8 Participants Women will participate in a therapeutic group which covers education, skills, and empowerment activities. Life skills and self-defense training: 8 week class which meets once per week for 2.5 hours. Each class contains the following components: 1) life skills/education training. This includes basic education about physical and sexual assaults, assault risks, dating and communication, assertiveness training and boundary setting, 2) physical self-defense training, 3) supportive therapy/debriefing.
Change in Assertiveness Between Baseline and Post-intervention Baseline Assertiveness Total	-24.88 units on a scale Standard Deviation 34.6
Change in Assertiveness Between Baseline and Post-intervention Week 8 (post-class) Assertiveness Total	-15.88 units on a scale Standard Deviation 33.85

Adverse Events

Life Skills and Self-defense Training

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 1 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure	Life Skills and Self-defense Training n=8 participants at risk Women will participate in a therapeutic group which covers education, skills, and empowerment activities. Life skills and self-defense training: 8 week class which meets once per week for 2.5 hours. Each class contains the following components: 1) life skills/education training. This includes basic education about physical and sexual assaults, assault risks, dating and communication, assertiveness training and boundary setting, 2) physical self-defense training, 3) supportive therapy/debriefing.
Psychiatric disorders Dissociation during class	12.5% 1/8 • Number of events 8

Additional Information

Dr. Jennifer Keller

Stanford University

Phone: 650-724-0070

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place