Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Pharmacokinetics of Ketorolac Tromethamine Administered Intranasally (IN) for Postoperative Pain in Children Aged 12 Through 17 Years (NCT NCT01363076)

NCT ID: NCT01363076

Last Updated: 2017-03-16

Results Overview

Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE1

Target enrollment

20 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

Results posted on

2017-03-16

Participant Flow

Recruitment Period: June 2007 - January 2008; Location: Stanford University Medical Center

Screening procedure consisting of an interview and the following assessments: demographics, medical history, physical examination, concomitant medications within last 30 days, vital signs, clinical laboratory tests, pregnancy test (female subjects).

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
Overall Study
STARTED
7
13
Overall Study
COMPLETED
7
12
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0
1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
0
1

Baseline Characteristics

The Pharmacokinetics of Ketorolac Tromethamine Administered Intranasally (IN) for Postoperative Pain in Children Aged 12 Through 17 Years

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
n=7 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
n=13 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
Total
n=20 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
13 Participants
n=7 Participants
20 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous
14.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 • n=5 Participants
15.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 • n=7 Participants
15.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
9 Participants
n=7 Participants
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
7 participants
n=5 Participants
13 participants
n=7 Participants
20 participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
n=7 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
n=13 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
Cmax (the Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration)
1153.9 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 485.0
1625.3 ng/mL
Standard Deviation 538.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Pro. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac. Individual plasma ketorolac concentrations were summarized by dose level for the PK population at each sampling time using n, arithmetic mean, SD, CV(%), geometric mean, 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the arithmetic mean, median, minimum, and maximum.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
n=7 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
n=13 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
Tmax (The Time to Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration; ie. The Time at Which Cmax Occured)
0.720 hr
Interval 0.38 to 6.07
0.780 hr
Interval 0.48 to 5.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
n=7 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
n=13 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
AUClast (the Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve (AUC) From Time Zero to the Last Quantifiable Timepoint Post-dose)
9308.2 ng•h/mL
Standard Deviation 6214.2
10662.1 ng•h/mL
Standard Deviation 5383.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Pro. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac. AUCinf calculated as: AUCinf = AUC(0-24) + (concentration at 24 hr/elimination constant).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
n=6 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
n=12 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
AUCinf (the AUC Time From Zero to Infinity, Where Possible)
10590.7 ng•h/mL
Standard Deviation 7818.4
11949.5 ng•h/mL
Standard Deviation 6506.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
n=7 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
n=12 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
AUC 0-24 (the AUC From Time Zero to 24 Hours Post-dose
9600.5 ng•h/mL
Standard Deviation 5959.9
11317.2 ng•h/mL
Standard Deviation 5666.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
n=6 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
n=12 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
t1/2 (the Terminal Half-life, Where Possible)
6.678 hr
Standard Deviation 2.882
5.031 hr
Standard Deviation 2.055

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: All PK parameters were assessed using blood samples collected 15 minutes prior to the dose and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the dose

Pharmacokinetic analysis by standard model independent methods was performed by a pharmacokineticist using WinNonlin Professional. Actual blood sampling times for ketorolac assay were converted to a time from dosing (elapsed time). Elapsed times were listed by subject for each dose level, together with the individual plasma concentrations of ketorolac.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
n=6 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
n=12 Participants
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
MRT (Mean Residence Time)
9.664 hr
Standard Deviation 3.892
6.727 hr
Standard Deviation 1.945

Adverse Events

Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 3 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)

Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 8 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
n=7 participants at risk
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
n=13 participants at risk
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomiting
0.00%
0/7 • 7 months
7.7%
1/13 • Number of events 1 • 7 months

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Ketorolac Tromethamine (15 mg)
n=7 participants at risk
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 15 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing \<50 kg.
Ketorolac Tromethamine (30 mg)
n=13 participants at risk
Single intranasal (IN) dose of 30 mg ketorolac tromethamine for subjects weighing ≥50 kg.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea
14.3%
1/7 • Number of events 1 • 7 months
7.7%
1/13 • Number of events 1 • 7 months
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Nasal discomfort
28.6%
2/7 • Number of events 2 • 7 months
7.7%
1/13 • Number of events 1 • 7 months
Nervous system disorders
Dysgeusia
0.00%
0/7 • 7 months
7.7%
1/13 • Number of events 1 • 7 months
Gastrointestinal disorders
Vomiting
0.00%
0/7 • 7 months
15.4%
2/13 • Number of events 2 • 7 months
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Rhinalgia
0.00%
0/7 • 7 months
7.7%
1/13 • Number of events 1 • 7 months
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Procedural pain
0.00%
0/7 • 7 months
15.4%
2/13 • Number of events 2 • 7 months

Additional Information

David Bregman, M.D., Ph.D.

Luitpold Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Phone: 610-650-4200

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place