Trial Outcomes & Findings for Behavioral Treatment for Children With Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits (NCT NCT01362946)

NCT ID: NCT01362946

Last Updated: 2016-01-15

Results Overview

Counselors recorded each instance of conduct problems, defined as lying, stealing, intentional destruction of property, and intentional aggression. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 48 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: Weekly
• Results posted on: 2016-01-15

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Measure	Modified Behavior Treatment Then Standard Behavior Treatment Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During the first four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During the last four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment.	Standard Behavior Treatment Then Modified Behavior Treatment Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During the first four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. During the last four weeks of treatment, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments.
First Behavior Modification Block STARTED	24	24
First Behavior Modification Block COMPLETED	24	24
First Behavior Modification Block NOT COMPLETED	0	0
Second Behavior Modification Block STARTED	23	24
Second Behavior Modification Block COMPLETED	23	24
Second Behavior Modification Block NOT COMPLETED	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Behavioral Treatment for Children With Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Overall Sample n=48 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Age, Categorical <=18 years	48 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous	9.29 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.37 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	10 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	38 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	27 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	21 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	4 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	6 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	34 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	3 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	48 participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

Counselors recorded each instance of conduct problems, defined as lying, stealing, intentional destruction of property, and intentional aggression. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Conduct Problems Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	0.76 Number of conduct problems per day Standard Error 0.27
Conduct Problems Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	1.08 Number of conduct problems per day Standard Error 0.35
Conduct Problems Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	0.41 Number of conduct problems per day Standard Error 0.54
Conduct Problems Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	0.92 Number of conduct problems per day Standard Error 0.48
Conduct Problems Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	0.76 Number of conduct problems per day Standard Error 0.28
Conduct Problems Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	1.26 Number of conduct problems per day Standard Error 0.36
Conduct Problems Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	1.54 Number of conduct problems per day Standard Error 0.54
Conduct Problems Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	1.42 Number of conduct problems per day Standard Error 0.49

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

Counselors recorded each instance of negative verbalizations, defined as verbal abuse to staff, teasing peers, and swearing. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Negative Verbalizations Standard behavior therapy - week 1	5.70 Number of negative verbals per day Standard Error 1.31
Negative Verbalizations Standard behavior therapy - week 2	7.32 Number of negative verbals per day Standard Error 1.53
Negative Verbalizations Standard behavior therapy - week 3	6.73 Number of negative verbals per day Standard Error 2.41
Negative Verbalizations Standard behavior therapy - week 4	5.91 Number of negative verbals per day Standard Error 1.98
Negative Verbalizations Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	4.94 Number of negative verbals per day Standard Error 1.36
Negative Verbalizations Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	9.16 Number of negative verbals per day Standard Error 1.58
Negative Verbalizations Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	10.63 Number of negative verbals per day Standard Error 2.45
Negative Verbalizations Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	10.95 Number of negative verbals per day Standard Error 2.01

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

Counselors recorded each instance of complaining. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Complaining Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	5.25 Number of complaints per day Standard Error 1.02
Complaining Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	4.92 Number of complaints per day Standard Error 1.25
Complaining Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	2.76 Number of complaints per day Standard Error 1.32
Complaining Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	3.54 Number of complaints per day Standard Error 1.21
Complaining Modified behavior therapy - week 1	3.33 Number of complaints per day Standard Error 1.00
Complaining Modified behavior therapy - week 2	5.18 Number of complaints per day Standard Error 1.25
Complaining Modified behavior therapy - week 3	5.90 Number of complaints per day Standard Error 1.32
Complaining Modified behavior therapy - week 4	5.95 Number of complaints per day Standard Error 1.24

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

Counselors recorded each instance of interrupting. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Interruption Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	9.86 Number of interruptions per day Standard Error 1.32
Interruption Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	14.81 Number of interruptions per day Standard Error 2.02
Interruption Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	13.43 Number of interruptions per day Standard Error 2.51
Interruption Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	12.61 Number of interruptions per day Standard Error 2.27
Interruption Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	10.21 Number of interruptions per day Standard Error 1.41
Interruption Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	14.32 Number of interruptions per day Standard Error 2.06
Interruption Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	19.32 Number of interruptions per day Standard Error 2.54
Interruption Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	19.66 Number of interruptions per day Standard Error 2.28

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

Counselors recorded each instance of noncompliance. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Noncompliance Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	3.82 Number of noncompliance per day Standard Error 0.89
Noncompliance Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	4.29 Number of noncompliance per day Standard Error 0.97
Noncompliance Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	3.52 Number of noncompliance per day Standard Error 0.84
Noncompliance Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	2.99 Number of noncompliance per day Standard Error 0.85
Noncompliance Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	3.35 Number of noncompliance per day Standard Error 0.90
Noncompliance Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	5.16 Number of noncompliance per day Standard Error 0.97
Noncompliance Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	4.26 Number of noncompliance per day Standard Error 0.87
Noncompliance Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	4.28 Number of noncompliance per day Standard Error 0.87

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

Counselors recorded each instance of rule violations. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Rule Violations Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	36.65 Number of rule violations per day Standard Error 6.08
Rule Violations Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	40.84 Number of rule violations per day Standard Error 6.10
Rule Violations Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	33.93 Number of rule violations per day Standard Error 6.80
Rule Violations Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	35.31 Number of rule violations per day Standard Error 7.26
Rule Violations Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	27.28 Number of rule violations per day Standard Error 6.13
Rule Violations Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	41.89 Number of rule violations per day Standard Error 6.06
Rule Violations Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	46.99 Number of rule violations per day Standard Error 6.86
Rule Violations Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	49.56 Number of rule violations per day Standard Error 7.21

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

Counselors recorded each instance of positive behavior with peers, defined as helping, sharing and ignoring teasing. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Positive Peer Behavior Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	4.91 Number of positive peer behave per day Standard Error 0.48
Positive Peer Behavior Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	4.51 Number of positive peer behave per day Standard Error 0.48
Positive Peer Behavior Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	4.84 Number of positive peer behave per day Standard Error 0.58
Positive Peer Behavior Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	4.33 Number of positive peer behave per day Standard Error 0.49
Positive Peer Behavior Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	5.42 Number of positive peer behave per day Standard Error 0.49
Positive Peer Behavior Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	7.08 Number of positive peer behave per day Standard Error 0.51
Positive Peer Behavior Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	6.72 Number of positive peer behave per day Standard Error 0.59
Positive Peer Behavior Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	9.72 Number of positive peer behave per day Standard Error 0.52

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

Counselors recorded the total number of minutes children were in Time Out due to intentional aggression, intentional destruction of property, or repeated noncompliance. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Minutes in Time Out Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	10.62 Minutes in Time Out per day Standard Error 3.03
Minutes in Time Out Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	14.77 Minutes in Time Out per day Standard Error 3.68
Minutes in Time Out Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	9.50 Minutes in Time Out per day Standard Error 3.33
Minutes in Time Out Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	10.17 Minutes in Time Out per day Standard Error 3.45
Minutes in Time Out Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	6.57 Minutes in Time Out per day Standard Error 3.06
Minutes in Time Out Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	12.15 Minutes in Time Out per day Standard Error 3.72
Minutes in Time Out Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	10.76 Minutes in Time Out per day Standard Error 3.45
Minutes in Time Out Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	10.67 Minutes in Time Out per day Standard Error 3.52

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

Counselors recorded the total number of Time Outs children served due to intentional aggression, intentional destruction of property, or repeated noncompliance. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Number of Time Outs Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	0.69 Number of Time Outs per day Standard Error 0.25
Number of Time Outs Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	1.00 Number of Time Outs per day Standard Error 0.26
Number of Time Outs Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	1.15 Number of Time Outs per day Standard Error 0.28
Number of Time Outs Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	0.76 Number of Time Outs per day Standard Error 0.27
Number of Time Outs Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	0.82 Number of Time Outs per day Standard Error 0.27
Number of Time Outs Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	1.09 Number of Time Outs per day Standard Error 0.26
Number of Time Outs Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	0.98 Number of Time Outs per day Standard Error 0.28
Number of Time Outs Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	1.27 Number of Time Outs per day Standard Error 0.28

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

Counselors recorded the total number of minutes children had to be physically managed due to behavior dangerous to themselves or others. The average number per day was computed for each week of treatment.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Minutes of Physical Management Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	0.09 Minutes of Physical Manage per day Standard Error 0.30
Minutes of Physical Management Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	0.21 Minutes of Physical Manage per day Standard Error 0.16
Minutes of Physical Management Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	0.29 Minutes of Physical Manage per day Standard Error 0.17
Minutes of Physical Management Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	0.31 Minutes of Physical Manage per day Standard Error 0.17
Minutes of Physical Management Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	0.54 Minutes of Physical Manage per day Standard Error 0.30
Minutes of Physical Management Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	0.30 Minutes of Physical Manage per day Standard Error 0.16
Minutes of Physical Management Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	0.28 Minutes of Physical Manage per day Standard Error 0.17
Minutes of Physical Management Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	0.21 Minutes of Physical Manage per day Standard Error 0.17

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

At the end of each treatment week counselors rated each child's overall inattentive-overactive-impulsive behavior during the week. Rating were completed using Likert scales that ranged from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("very much"). Items were summed to compute a scale score with a theoretical range of 0 to 15.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	5.36 units on a scale Standard Error 0.57
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	5.57 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	6.15 units on a scale Standard Error 0.60
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	5.78 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	5.51 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	5.59 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	5.95 units on a scale Standard Error 0.60
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	6.14 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

At the end of each treatment week parents rated each child's overall inattentive-overactive-impulsive behavior during the week. Rating were completed using Likert scales that ranged from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("very much"). Items were summed to compute a scale score with a theoretical range of 0 to 15.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	6.71 units on a scale Standard Error 0.59
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	7.11 units on a scale Standard Error 0.60
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	6.88 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	6.10 units on a scale Standard Error 0.59
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	6.15 units on a scale Standard Error 0.63
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	6.38 units on a scale Standard Error 0.60
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	6.12 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58
IOWA Inattentive/Overactive Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	6.09 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

At the end of each treatment week counselors rated each child's overall oppositional-defiant behavior during the week. Rating were completed using Likert scales that ranged from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("very much"). Items were summed to compute a scale score with a theoretical range of 0 to 15.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	4.55 units on a scale Standard Error 0.56
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	4.99 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	4.47 units on a scale Standard Error 0.56
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	4.85 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	4.20 units on a scale Standard Error 0.56
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	5.01 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	4.94 units on a scale Standard Error 0.56
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	5.38 units on a scale Standard Error 0.58

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

At the end of each treatment week parents rated each child's overall oppositional-defiant behavior during the week. Rating were completed using Likert scales that ranged from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("very much"). Items were summed to compute a scale score with a theoretical range of 0 to 15.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	6.71 units on a scale Standard Error 0.70
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	6.99 units on a scale Standard Error 0.56
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	6.50 units on a scale Standard Error 0.63
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	6.15 units on a scale Standard Error 0.63
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	5.75 units on a scale Standard Error 0.75
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	5.80 units on a scale Standard Error 0.57
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	5.26 units on a scale Standard Error 0.65
IOWA Oppositional-defiant Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	5.20 units on a scale Standard Error 0.62

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

At the end of each treatment week counselors rated each child's serious conduct problems during the week. Rating were completed on the Weekly Problem Rating Form (Haas et al, 2011) using Likert scales that ranged from 1 ("no problem") to 7 ("serious problem"). Items were averaged to compute a scale score with a theoretical range of 1 to 7, with high scores indicating more serious problems.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	1.71 units on a scale Standard Error 0.12
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	1.81 units on a scale Standard Error 0.12
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	1.69 units on a scale Standard Error 0.12
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	1.70 units on a scale Standard Error 0.12
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	1.66 units on a scale Standard Error 0.12
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	1.83 units on a scale Standard Error 0.12
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	1.88 units on a scale Standard Error 0.12
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	1.91 units on a scale Standard Error 0.12

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

At the end of each treatment week parents rated each child's serious conduct problems during the week. Rating were completed on the Weekly Problem Rating Form (Haas et al, 2011) using Likert scales that ranged from 1 ("no problem") to 7 ("serious problem"). Items were averaged to compute a scale score with a theoretical range of 1 to 7, with high scores indicating more serious problems.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	2.47 units on a scale Standard Error 0.19
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	2.48 units on a scale Standard Error 0.19
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	2.22 units on a scale Standard Error 0.19
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	1.96 units on a scale Standard Error 0.16
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	2.05 units on a scale Standard Error 0.21
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	1.94 units on a scale Standard Error 0.19
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	2.03 units on a scale Standard Error 0.19
WPRF Serious Conduct Problems Scale - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	2.00 units on a scale Standard Error 0.16

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

At the end of each treatment week counselors rated each child's rule following problems during the week. Rating were completed on the Weekly Problem Rating Form (Haas et al, 2011) using Likert scales that ranged from 1 ("no problem") to 7 ("serious problem"). Items were averaged to compute a scale score with a theoretical range of 1 to 7, with high scores indicating more serious problems.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	2.07 units on a scale Standard Error 0.14
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	2.18 units on a scale Standard Error 0.15
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	2.17 units on a scale Standard Error 0.15
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	2.19 units on a scale Standard Error 0.16
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	2.10 units on a scale Standard Error 0.14
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	2.17 units on a scale Standard Error 0.15
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	2.26 units on a scale Standard Error 0.15
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	2.30 units on a scale Standard Error 0.15

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

At the end of each treatment week parents rated each child's rule following problems during the week. Rating were completed on the Weekly Problem Rating Form (Haas et al, 2011) using Likert scales that ranged from 1 ("no problem") to 7 ("serious problem"). Items were averaged to compute a scale score with a theoretical range of 1 to 7, with high scores indicating more serious problems.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	3.63 units on a scale Standard Error 0.25
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	3.88 units on a scale Standard Error 0.26
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	3.37 units on a scale Standard Error 0.25
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	3.47 units on a scale Standard Error 0.24
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	3.35 units on a scale Standard Error 0.26
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	3.31 units on a scale Standard Error 0.26
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	3.12 units on a scale Standard Error 0.26
WPRF Rule Following Problems - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	3.31 units on a scale Standard Error 0.24

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

At the end of each treatment week counselors rated each child's overall problems during the week. Rating were completed on the Weekly Problem Rating Form (Haas et al, 2011) using Likert scales that ranged from 1 ("no problem") to 7 ("serious problem"). Items were averaged to compute a scale score with a theoretical range of 1 to 7, with high scores indicating more serious problems.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
WPRF Overall Problems - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	3.42 units on a scale Standard Error 0.18
WPRF Overall Problems - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	3.66 units on a scale Standard Error 0.19
WPRF Overall Problems - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	3.49 units on a scale Standard Error 0.19
WPRF Overall Problems - Counselor Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	3.46 units on a scale Standard Error 0.18
WPRF Overall Problems - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	3.36 units on a scale Standard Error 0.18
WPRF Overall Problems - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	3.38 units on a scale Standard Error 0.19
WPRF Overall Problems - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	3.63 units on a scale Standard Error 0.19
WPRF Overall Problems - Counselor Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	3.72 units on a scale Standard Error 0.18

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weekly

Population: Three children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria).

At the end of each treatment week parents rated each child's overall problems during the week. Rating were completed on the Weekly Problem Rating Form (Haas et al, 2011) using Likert scales that ranged from 1 ("no problem") to 7 ("serious problem"). Items were averaged to compute a scale score with a theoretical range of 1 to 7, with high scores indicating more serious problems.

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=45 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
WPRF Overall Problems - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 1	3.68 units on a scale Standard Error 0.27
WPRF Overall Problems - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 2	3.98 units on a scale Standard Error 0.26
WPRF Overall Problems - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 3	3.57 units on a scale Standard Error 0.24
WPRF Overall Problems - Parent Standard Behavior Therapy - week 4	3.42 units on a scale Standard Error 0.25
WPRF Overall Problems - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 1	3.65 units on a scale Standard Error 0.29
WPRF Overall Problems - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 2	3.62 units on a scale Standard Error 0.26
WPRF Overall Problems - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 3	3.43 units on a scale Standard Error 0.25
WPRF Overall Problems - Parent Modified Behavior Therapy - week 4	3.44 units on a scale Standard Error 0.25

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: End of each treatment, at weeks 4 and 8

Population: Four children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria). One was excluded because parent did not return completed ratings.

At the end of each treatment block parents rated their overall satisfaction with the treatment provided to their child. This item was phrased as follows: "How much did your child benefit from this treatment?". This item was rated using a Likert scale that ranged from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("very much").

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=44 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
How Much Did Your Child Benefit From Treatment? Standard behavior therapy	2.31 units on a scale Standard Error 0.15
How Much Did Your Child Benefit From Treatment? Modified behavior therapy	2.45 units on a scale Standard Error 0.15

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: End of each treatment, at weeks 4 and 8

Population: Four children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria). One was excluded because parent did not return completed ratings.

At the end of each treatment block parents rated their overall satisfaction with the treatment provided to their child. This item was phrased as follows: "How much did you benefit from this treatment?". This item was rated using a Likert scale that ranged from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("very much").

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=44 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
How Much Did You (the Parent) Benefit From Treatment? Standard behavior therapy	2.36 units on a scale Standard Error 0.13
How Much Did You (the Parent) Benefit From Treatment? Modified behavior therapy	2.40 units on a scale Standard Error 0.13

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: End of each treatment, at weeks 4 and 8

Population: Four children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria). One was excluded because parent did not return completed ratings.

At the end of each treatment block parents rated their overall satisfaction with the treatment provided to their child. This item was phrased as follows: "How much did your child this treatment?". This item was rated using a Likert scale that ranged from 0 ("not at all") to 3 ("very much").

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=44 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
How Much Did Your Child Enjoy the Treatment? Standard behavior therapy	1.89 units on a scale Standard Error 0.15
How Much Did Your Child Enjoy the Treatment? Modified behavior therapy	2.12 units on a scale Standard Error 0.15

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: End of each treatment, at weeks 4 and 8

Population: Four children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria). One was excluded because parent did not return completed ratings.

At the end of each treatment block parents rated their overall satisfaction with the treatment provided to their child. This item was phrased as follows: "Would you send your child to this treatment if you could do it over again?". This item was rated using a Likert scale that ranged from 0 ("no definitely") to 4 ("yes definitely").

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=44 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Would You Send Your Child to This Treatment Again? Standard behavior therapy	3.83 units on a scale Standard Error 0.06
Would You Send Your Child to This Treatment Again? Modified behavior therapy	3.83 units on a scale Standard Error 0.06

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: End of each treatment, at weeks 4 and 8

Population: Four children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria). One was excluded because parent did not return completed ratings.

At the end of each treatment block parents rated their overall satisfaction with the treatment provided to their child. This item was phrased as follows: "Would you recommend this treatment to other parents?". This item was rated using a Likert scale that ranged from 0 ("no definitely") to 4 ("yes definitely").

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=44 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Recommend Treatment? Standard behavior therapy	3.90 units on a scale Standard Error 0.04
Recommend Treatment? Modified behavior therapy	3.97 units on a scale Standard Error 0.04

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: End of each treatment, at weeks 4 and 8

Population: Four children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria). One was excluded because parent did not return completed ratings.

At the end of each treatment block parents rated their overall satisfaction with the treatment provided to their child. This item was phrased as follows: "Please rate your overall satisfaction with this treatment as compared with other treatment services your child has received". This item was rated using a Likert scale that ranged from 0 ("much less satisfied with this program") to 4 ("much more satisfied with this program").

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=44 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Overall Satisfaction Standard behavior therapy	3.75 units on a scale Standard Error 0.07
Overall Satisfaction Modified behavior therapy	3.83 units on a scale Standard Error 0.07

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: End of each treatment, at weeks 4 and 8

Population: Four children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria). One was excluded because parent did not return completed ratings.

At the end of each treatment block parents rated their overall satisfaction with the treatment provided to their child. This item was phrased as follows: "Please rate how effective this treatment was in changing your child as compared with other treatment services your child has received". This item was rated using a Likert scale that ranged from 0 ("this treatment much less effective") to 4 ("this treatment much more effective").

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=44 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Overall Effectiveness Standard behavior therapy	3.66 units on a scale Standard Error 0.10
Overall Effectiveness Modified behavior therapy	3.60 units on a scale Standard Error 0.10

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: End of all treatment, at week 8

Population: Four children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria). One excluded because only completed one block of treatment.

At end end of both treatment blocks, counselors sorted children into one of four treatment response groups: (1) responded best to standard behavior therapy; (2) responded best to modified behavior therapy; (3) responded well to both treatments; (4) did not respond to either treatment

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=44 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Overall Treatment Recommendation - Counselor Responded equally to both treatments	34 percentage of participants
Overall Treatment Recommendation - Counselor Responded best to standard treatment	27 percentage of participants
Overall Treatment Recommendation - Counselor Responded best to modified treatment	23 percentage of participants
Overall Treatment Recommendation - Counselor Did not respond to either treatment	16 percentage of participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: End of all treatment, at week 8

Population: Four children excluded from analyses; two excluded because of medication changes during treatment. One excluded because he was mistakenly enrolled (after collecting treatment data we learned that he did not meet all inclusion criteria). One excluded because only completed one block of treatment.

At end end of both treatment blocks, parents selected which treatment they though was best for their child - standard behavioral treatment or modified behavioral treatment

Outcome measures

Measure	Overall Sample n=44 Participants Summer treatment program: Intensive behavioral treatment delivered in a summer camp setting. During one block of four weeks, participants received modified behavioral treatment (MBT) that emphasized rewards and de-emphasized punishments. During another block of four weeks, participants received standard behavior treatment (SBT) that balanced reward and punishment. Order of treatment blocks was counter-balanced across participants, and primary analyses were within-subject comparisons. Therefore, we report demographics for the full sample.
Overall Treatment Recommendation - Parent Responded best to standard treatment	41 percentage of participants
Overall Treatment Recommendation - Parent Responded best to modified treatment	59 percentage of participants

Adverse Events

Modified Behavior Treatment Then Standard Behavior Treatment

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Standard Behavior Treatment Then Modified Behavior Treatment

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Dan Waschbusch

Penn State Hershey Medical Center

Phone: 7175318514

Email: dwaschbusch@hmc.psu.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place