Extended Treatment for Smoking Cessation

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

223 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2010-03-31

Study Completion Date

2015-03-31

Brief Summary

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Adult smokers (21-65) and adolescent smokers (18 - 21) years of age residing in Alameda and Santa Clara counties will serve as the target population for this study. A total of 400 smokers meeting eligibility criteria will be randomized. Treatment will include both open label and extended treatment phases. Randomization. Participants will be randomized to extended therapy or control conditions at baseline (prior to open label treatment) and the analysis will be intention-to-treat (ITT) to avoid the threat of selection bias. Primary hypothesis. Smokers randomized to receive CBT during extended treatment will have a higher prolonged abstinence rate (PA) at 52 week and 104 week follow-up than participants in the Supportive therapy Control treatment.

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Detailed Description

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During open label treatment, all receive CBT and bupropion and nicotine patch. At week 10 those who continue to smoke will be switched to varenicline through week 26. At week 10 those who are abstinent and report low levels of craving and low levels of depression symptoms will be withdrawn from study medications. Those who are abstinent but report difficulty with craving or depression symptoms will remain on zyban and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) through week 26. Medication will not be available after week 26. All will receive CBT through week 26.

Conditions

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Smoking Cessation

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Participants were randomized to extended or non-extended treatment and followed for 104 weeks.

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Caregivers Investigators

Behavioral therapists were blinded until the end of open-label treatment (26 weeks). Investigators were blinded to treatment assignment until the end of the study.

Study Groups

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Non-extended treatment

* 26 weeks of CBT
* 10 weeks of combination bupropion plus nicotine patch
* Additional 16 weeks of bupropion plus nicotine patch if increased craving or depression scores or varenicline if smoking at 10 weeks

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Bupropion

Intervention Type DRUG

Both groups received the same pharmacotherapy per protocol. During open label treatment, all received CBT and bupropion and NRT patch. At week 10 those who continued to smoke were switched to varenicline through week 26. At week 10 those who are abstinent and reported low levels of craving and low levels of depression symptoms were withdrawn from study medications. Those who were abstinent but reported difficulty with craving or depression symptoms remained on bupropion and NRT through week 26. Medication was not available after week 26.

Nicotine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

Both groups received the same pharmacotherapy per protocol. During open label treatment, all received CBT and bupropion and NRT patch. At week 10 those who continued to smoke were switched to varenicline through week 26. At week 10 those who are abstinent and reported low levels of craving and low levels of depression symptoms were withdrawn from study medications. Those who were abstinent but reported difficulty with craving or depression symptoms remained on bupropion and NRT through week 26. Medication was not available after week 26.

Varenicline

Intervention Type DRUG

Both groups received the same pharmacotherapy per protocol. During open label treatment, all received CBT and bupropion and NRT patch. At week 10 those who continued to smoke were switched to varenicline through week 26. At week 10 those who are abstinent and reported low levels of craving and low levels of depression symptoms were withdrawn from study medications. Those who were abstinent but reported difficulty with craving or depression symptoms remained on bupropion and NRT through week 26. Medication was not available after week 26.

Extended treatment

* 26 weeks of CBT
* 10 weeks of combination bupropion plus nicotine patch
* Additional 16 weeks of bupropion plus nicotine patch if increased craving or depression scores or varenicline if smoking at 10 weeks
* 24 additional weeks of CBT

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Bupropion

Intervention Type DRUG

Both groups received the same pharmacotherapy per protocol. During open label treatment, all received CBT and bupropion and NRT patch. At week 10 those who continued to smoke were switched to varenicline through week 26. At week 10 those who are abstinent and reported low levels of craving and low levels of depression symptoms were withdrawn from study medications. Those who were abstinent but reported difficulty with craving or depression symptoms remained on bupropion and NRT through week 26. Medication was not available after week 26.

Nicotine patch

Intervention Type DRUG

Both groups received the same pharmacotherapy per protocol. During open label treatment, all received CBT and bupropion and NRT patch. At week 10 those who continued to smoke were switched to varenicline through week 26. At week 10 those who are abstinent and reported low levels of craving and low levels of depression symptoms were withdrawn from study medications. Those who were abstinent but reported difficulty with craving or depression symptoms remained on bupropion and NRT through week 26. Medication was not available after week 26.

Varenicline

Intervention Type DRUG

Both groups received the same pharmacotherapy per protocol. During open label treatment, all received CBT and bupropion and NRT patch. At week 10 those who continued to smoke were switched to varenicline through week 26. At week 10 those who are abstinent and reported low levels of craving and low levels of depression symptoms were withdrawn from study medications. Those who were abstinent but reported difficulty with craving or depression symptoms remained on bupropion and NRT through week 26. Medication was not available after week 26.

Interventions

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Bupropion

Both groups received the same pharmacotherapy per protocol. During open label treatment, all received CBT and bupropion and NRT patch. At week 10 those who continued to smoke were switched to varenicline through week 26. At week 10 those who are abstinent and reported low levels of craving and low levels of depression symptoms were withdrawn from study medications. Those who were abstinent but reported difficulty with craving or depression symptoms remained on bupropion and NRT through week 26. Medication was not available after week 26.

Intervention Type DRUG

Nicotine patch

Both groups received the same pharmacotherapy per protocol. During open label treatment, all received CBT and bupropion and NRT patch. At week 10 those who continued to smoke were switched to varenicline through week 26. At week 10 those who are abstinent and reported low levels of craving and low levels of depression symptoms were withdrawn from study medications. Those who were abstinent but reported difficulty with craving or depression symptoms remained on bupropion and NRT through week 26. Medication was not available after week 26.

Intervention Type DRUG

Varenicline

Both groups received the same pharmacotherapy per protocol. During open label treatment, all received CBT and bupropion and NRT patch. At week 10 those who continued to smoke were switched to varenicline through week 26. At week 10 those who are abstinent and reported low levels of craving and low levels of depression symptoms were withdrawn from study medications. Those who were abstinent but reported difficulty with craving or depression symptoms remained on bupropion and NRT through week 26. Medication was not available after week 26.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Zyban NRT Chantix

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age at least 18 years at the beginning of the study Smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day (1/2 pack)

Exclusion Criteria

1. Currently pregnant
2. Currently breastfeeding
3. Currently diagnosed with a seizure disorder, major depression, liver disease, kidney disease, congestive heart failure or diabetes mellitus
4. History of a seizure, seizure disorder, significant head trauma or central nervous system tumor
5. Family history of seizures
6. Currently using intravenous drugs
7. Currently using any drugs (marijuana, alcohol, cocaine, opiates, stimulants, etc.) on a daily basis
8. Currently using any over-the-counter stimulants and anorectics (diet pills)
9. Currently on bupropion (Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR) or other antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, theophylline, systemic steroids or levodopa
10. Currently on NRT or bupropion (Zyban)
11. Current or past diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
12. Previous allergic response to bupropion or NRT

Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes