Trial Outcomes & Findings for Treating Low-Income Smokers in the Hospital Emergency Department (NCT NCT01328431)

NCT ID: NCT01328431

Last Updated: 2014-08-04

Results Overview

Biochemical verification means a breathalyzer reading for carbon monoxide.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

780 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

3 months after enrollment

Results posted on

2014-08-04

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Standard Care
Subjects receive a brochure for the state's Smokers' Quitline only.
SBIRT+NRT
Subjects receive a 6 week course of NRT, a motivational Brief Negotiated Interview, and a facilitated referral to the state's Smokers' Quitline. Brief Intervention with NRT Initiation: Brief Negotiated Interview is a manual-guided therapy designed for the ED setting. The purpose is to assist subjects to change some aspect of their smoking and to decide to start nicotine replacement therapy while in the ED. It combines techniques from motivational interviewing and stages of change. a 6-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy is given in the form of patches and gum and subjects are encouraged to use both concurrently. Patches come in 21 mg, 14 mg, and 7 mg doses and the dosage is determined based on how many cigarettes per day a subject is smoking. All subjects receive 400 pieces of 2 mg nicotine gum. All subjects complete a referral form for the state's Smokers' Quitline which is then faxed directly to the Quitline's vendor.
Baseline
STARTED
390
390
Baseline
COMPLETED
390
388
Baseline
NOT COMPLETED
0
2
1 Month (1M)
STARTED
390
388
1 Month (1M)
COMPLETED
335
330
1 Month (1M)
NOT COMPLETED
55
58
3 Month (3M)
STARTED
390
388
3 Month (3M)
COMPLETED
313
316
3 Month (3M)
NOT COMPLETED
77
72
12 Month (12M)
STARTED
388
386
12 Month (12M)
COMPLETED
304
289
12 Month (12M)
NOT COMPLETED
84
97

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Standard Care
Subjects receive a brochure for the state's Smokers' Quitline only.
SBIRT+NRT
Subjects receive a 6 week course of NRT, a motivational Brief Negotiated Interview, and a facilitated referral to the state's Smokers' Quitline. Brief Intervention with NRT Initiation: Brief Negotiated Interview is a manual-guided therapy designed for the ED setting. The purpose is to assist subjects to change some aspect of their smoking and to decide to start nicotine replacement therapy while in the ED. It combines techniques from motivational interviewing and stages of change. a 6-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy is given in the form of patches and gum and subjects are encouraged to use both concurrently. Patches come in 21 mg, 14 mg, and 7 mg doses and the dosage is determined based on how many cigarettes per day a subject is smoking. All subjects receive 400 pieces of 2 mg nicotine gum. All subjects complete a referral form for the state's Smokers' Quitline which is then faxed directly to the Quitline's vendor.
Baseline
Protocol Violation
0
2
1 Month (1M)
Lost to Follow-up
55
58
3 Month (3M)
Death
2
2
3 Month (3M)
Lost to Follow-up
75
70
12 Month (12M)
Death
2
6
12 Month (12M)
Lost to Follow-up
82
91

Baseline Characteristics

Treating Low-Income Smokers in the Hospital Emergency Department

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Standard Care
n=390 Participants
Subjects receive a brochure for the state's Smokers' Quitline only.
SBIRT+NRT
n=388 Participants
Subjects receive a 6 week course of NRT, a motivational Brief Negotiated Interview, and a facilitated referral to the state's Smokers' Quitline. Brief Intervention with NRT Initiation: Brief Negotiated Interview is a manual-guided therapy designed for the ED setting. The purpose is to assist subjects to change some aspect of their smoking and to decide to start nicotine replacement therapy while in the ED. It combines techniques from motivational interviewing and stages of change. a 6-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy is given in the form of patches and gum and subjects are encouraged to use both concurrently. Patches come in 21 mg, 14 mg, and 7 mg doses and the dosage is determined based on how many cigarettes per day a subject is smoking. All subjects receive 400 pieces of 2 mg nicotine gum. All subjects complete a referral form for the state's Smokers' Quitline which is then faxed directly to the Quitline's vendor.
Total
n=778 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
384 Participants
n=5 Participants
376 Participants
n=7 Participants
760 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
10 Participants
n=7 Participants
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
189 Participants
n=5 Participants
218 Participants
n=7 Participants
407 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
201 Participants
n=5 Participants
170 Participants
n=7 Participants
371 Participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months after enrollment

Population: This is the # of participants in each group.

Biochemical verification means a breathalyzer reading for carbon monoxide.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Standard Care
n=388 Participants
Subjects receive a brochure for the state's Smokers' Quitline only.
SBIRT+NRT
n=386 Participants
Subjects receive a 6 week course of NRT, a motivational Brief Negotiated Interview, and a facilitated referral to the state's Smokers' Quitline. Brief Intervention with NRT Initiation: Brief Negotiated Interview is a manual-guided therapy designed for the ED setting. The purpose is to assist subjects to change some aspect of their smoking and to decide to start nicotine replacement therapy while in the ED. It combines techniques from motivational interviewing and stages of change. a 6-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy is given in the form of patches and gum and subjects are encouraged to use both concurrently. Patches come in 21 mg, 14 mg, and 7 mg doses and the dosage is determined based on how many cigarettes per day a subject is smoking. All subjects receive 400 pieces of 2 mg nicotine gum. All subjects complete a referral form for the state's Smokers' Quitline which is then faxed directly to the Quitline's vendor.
Biochemical Verification of Tobacco Abstinence
19 participants
Interval 1.0 to 30.0
47 participants
Interval 1.0 to 33.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months

Population: This is the # of participants in each group.

Questionnaires to assess self reported tobacco abstinence

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Standard Care
n=388 Participants
Subjects receive a brochure for the state's Smokers' Quitline only.
SBIRT+NRT
n=386 Participants
Subjects receive a 6 week course of NRT, a motivational Brief Negotiated Interview, and a facilitated referral to the state's Smokers' Quitline. Brief Intervention with NRT Initiation: Brief Negotiated Interview is a manual-guided therapy designed for the ED setting. The purpose is to assist subjects to change some aspect of their smoking and to decide to start nicotine replacement therapy while in the ED. It combines techniques from motivational interviewing and stages of change. a 6-week supply of nicotine replacement therapy is given in the form of patches and gum and subjects are encouraged to use both concurrently. Patches come in 21 mg, 14 mg, and 7 mg doses and the dosage is determined based on how many cigarettes per day a subject is smoking. All subjects receive 400 pieces of 2 mg nicotine gum. All subjects complete a referral form for the state's Smokers' Quitline which is then faxed directly to the Quitline's vendor.
Self-report of Tobacco Abstinence or Reduction
34 participants
63 participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 month post enrollment

self-report questionnaires are completed over the phone to assess reduction in cigarette use or abstinence from cigarette use.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 1 month post enrollment

A version of the Treatment Services Review (TSR) will be used to assess health care utilization during follow-ups. The TSR is a self-report instrument that asks about hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and outpatient medical and psychiatric care. The version used in this study also asks about how often the subject called the CT Smoker's Quitline, use of NRT or other medications for smoking cessation, and participation in other smoking cessation treatments.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months post enrollment

self-report questionnaires are completed over the phone to assess reduction in cigarette use or abstinence from cigarette use.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3 months post enrollment

A version of the Treatment Services Review (TSR) will be used to assess health care utilization during follow-ups. The TSR is a self-report instrument that asks about hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and outpatient medical and psychiatric care. The version used in this study also asks about how often the subject called the CT Smoker's Quitline, use of NRT or other medications for smoking cessation, and participation in other smoking cessation treatments.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months post enrollment

A version of the Treatment Services Review (TSR) will be used to assess health care utilization during follow-ups. The TSR is a self-report instrument that asks about hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and outpatient medical and psychiatric care. The version used in this study also asks about how often the subject called the CT Smoker's Quitline, use of NRT or other medications for smoking cessation, and participation in other smoking cessation treatments.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

Adverse Events

Standard Care

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

SBIRT+NRT

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Steven L. Bernstein, MD

Yale University

Phone: 203-737-3574

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place