Trial Outcomes & Findings for Circle of Life. Improving Capacity of Swampy Cree Community Members to Recognize People at Risk for Suicide (NCT NCT01287416)

Last Updated: 2014-05-13

Results Overview

The Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI-2) will be used to detect enhancement of intervention skills in participants. The 25-item SIRI-2 is a self-administered test that was designed to measure competnce in choosing appropriate response to a series of clinical scenarios with suicidal individuals. Research on the SIRI-2 has shown its good psychometric properties, freedom from social desirabiity effects and responsiveness to training in suicide prevention.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

55 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

pre-training, post-training and 6 mo follow up

Results posted on

2014-05-13

Participant Flow

Various methods of advertising for volunteers was used (i.e., radio advertisements, newsletters, posters). Community activities were organized by community representatives in an effort to recruit individuals to participate in the study (i.e., through a bingo night, barbecue, etc.) between May 2010 and May 2011.

From all eligible applications, we selected participants using a random number generator based on receipt of application until we had six adolescents, four adults, and two elders in each community who met criteria for participation in the study.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Pre-post Training STARTED	48	48
Pre-post Training Training Workshop	31	24
Pre-post Training Post Training Questionnaire	26	23
Pre-post Training COMPLETED	26	23
Pre-post Training NOT COMPLETED	22	25
6 Month Follow-up STARTED	31	24
6 Month Follow-up COMPLETED	28	22
6 Month Follow-up NOT COMPLETED	3	2

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Pre-post Training Withdrawal by Subject	17	24
Pre-post Training Lost to Follow-up	5	1
6 Month Follow-up Lost to Follow-up	3	2

Baseline Characteristics

Circle of Life. Improving Capacity of Swampy Cree Community Members to Recognize People at Risk for Suicide

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=31 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=24 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.	Total n=55 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Customized 16-21	15 participants n=5 Participants	9 participants n=7 Participants	24 participants n=5 Participants
Age, Customized 22-44	8 participants n=5 Participants	10 participants n=7 Participants	18 participants n=5 Participants
Age, Customized 45+	8 participants n=5 Participants	4 participants n=7 Participants	12 participants n=5 Participants
Age, Customized Missing	0 participants n=5 Participants	1 participants n=7 Participants	1 participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	21 Participants n=5 Participants	12 Participants n=7 Participants	33 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	10 Participants n=5 Participants	12 Participants n=7 Participants	22 Participants n=5 Participants
Marital status Never married	12 participants n=5 Participants	14 participants n=7 Participants	26 participants n=5 Participants
Marital status Widowed/separated/divorced	4 participants n=5 Participants	3 participants n=7 Participants	7 participants n=5 Participants
Marital status Married/common-law	11 participants n=5 Participants	7 participants n=7 Participants	18 participants n=5 Participants
Marital status Missing	4 participants n=5 Participants	0 participants n=7 Participants	4 participants n=5 Participants
Educational attainment Grade 9 or lower	19 participants n=5 Participants	3 participants n=7 Participants	22 participants n=5 Participants
Educational attainment Grade 10 or higher	12 participants n=5 Participants	21 participants n=7 Participants	33 participants n=5 Participants
Language spoken most often English	20 participants n=5 Participants	20 participants n=7 Participants	40 participants n=5 Participants
Language spoken most often Cree	9 participants n=5 Participants	4 participants n=7 Participants	13 participants n=5 Participants
Language spoken most often Missing	2 participants n=5 Participants	0 participants n=7 Participants	2 participants n=5 Participants
Current work status Working full- or part-time	6 participants n=5 Participants	8 participants n=7 Participants	14 participants n=5 Participants
Current work status Unemployed/social assistance	14 participants n=5 Participants	11 participants n=7 Participants	25 participants n=5 Participants
Current work status Retired/at home full-time/student	11 participants n=5 Participants	5 participants n=7 Participants	16 participants n=5 Participants
Know someone who died by suicide Yes	28 participants n=5 Participants	21 participants n=7 Participants	49 participants n=5 Participants
Know someone who died by suicide No	3 participants n=5 Participants	3 participants n=7 Participants	6 participants n=5 Participants
When most recent suicide death More than 1 year ago	18 participants n=5 Participants	10 participants n=7 Participants	28 participants n=5 Participants
When most recent suicide death Within the last year	3 participants n=5 Participants	8 participants n=7 Participants	11 participants n=5 Participants
When most recent suicide death Within the last 6 months	5 participants n=5 Participants	3 participants n=7 Participants	8 participants n=5 Participants
When most recent suicide death Within the last 1 month	0 participants n=5 Participants	0 participants n=7 Participants	0 participants n=5 Participants
When most recent suicide death Missing	2 participants n=5 Participants	0 participants n=7 Participants	2 participants n=5 Participants
When most recent suicide death Did not know someone who died by suicide	3 participants n=5 Participants	3 participants n=7 Participants	6 participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: pre-training, post-training and 6 mo follow up

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=31 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=24 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
SIRI Questionnaire Score Pre-training	12.90 number of items correct Standard Deviation 2.78	14.17 number of items correct Standard Deviation 4.10
SIRI Questionnaire Score Post-training	14.83 number of items correct Standard Deviation 3.92	14.30 number of items correct Standard Deviation 3.42
SIRI Questionnaire Score 6 month follow-up	13.52 number of items correct Standard Deviation 3.72	15.05 number of items correct Standard Deviation 3.58

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up

Meaures the level of confidence that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 4 (very confident).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=31 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=24 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Self-perceived Confidence in Helping a Suicidal Individual Pre-training	2.68 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.91	2.87 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.80
Self-perceived Confidence in Helping a Suicidal Individual Post-training	2.73 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.78	2.57 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.99
Self-perceived Confidence in Helping a Suicidal Individual 6 month follow-up	2.63 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.93	2.68 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.84

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up

Measures the level of ability that the individual believes they have in helping a suicidal person based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all skilled) to 4 (very skilled).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=31 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=24 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Self-perceived Skill in Helping a Suicidal Individual Pre-training	1.94 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.77	2.00 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.74
Self-perceived Skill in Helping a Suicidal Individual Post-training	2.50 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.76	2.23 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.97
Self-perceived Skill in Helping a Suicidal Individual 6 month follow-up	2.43 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.92	2.27 scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.97

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up

Measures the level of knowledge about suicide that the individual believes they have based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all knowledgeable) to 4 (very knowledgeable).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=31 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=24 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Self-perceived Knowledge About Suicide Pre-training	2.16 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.97	2.09 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.79
Self-perceived Knowledge About Suicide Post-training	2.65 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.75	2.23 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.92
Self-perceived Knowledge About Suicide 6 month follow-up	2.50 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.88	2.23 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.81

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pre-training, post-training and 6 month follow-up

Measures the level of preparedness of the individual to help someone who is suicidal based on a 4 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all prepared) to 4 (very prepared).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=31 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=24 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Self-perceived Preparedness Pre-training	2.19 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.87	2.33 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.76
Self-perceived Preparedness Post-training	2.77 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.91	2.39 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.84
Self-perceived Preparedness 6 month follow-up	2.43 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.96	2.45 Scores on a scale Standard Deviation 0.86

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pre-training and 6 month follow-up

Population: The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the baseline and 6 month follow up time point questionnaires.

Measures the level of distress in the participant using the K6 distress scale. The scale is comprised of six questions which are scored from 0 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time). The sum of the scores from all six questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (not at all distressed) to 24 (very distressed).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=28 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=22 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Self-reported Distress Pre-training	7.62 Scores on a scale Standard Error 0.98	6.30 Scores on a scale Standard Error 1.13
Self-reported Distress 6 month follow-up	6.40 Scores on a scale Standard Error 0.80	6.77 Scores on a scale Standard Error 0.92

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pre-training and 6 month follow-up

Population: The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the baseline and 6 month follow up time point questionnaires.

Details participants' level of alcohol consumption and if it may be harmful according to the AUDIT. The AUDIT scale is comprised of ten questions with most questions being scored from 0 (never) to 4 (4 or more times per week). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (no risk related to alcohol) to 40 (high risk related to alcohol). Total scores of 8 or more are recommended as indicators of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, as well as possible alcohol dependence.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=28 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=22 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Self-reported Alcohol Use Pre-training	12.14 Scores on a scale Standard Error 2.76	9.70 Scores on a scale Standard Error 2.35
Self-reported Alcohol Use 6 month follow-up	8.38 Scores on a scale Standard Error 1.86	8.76 Scores on a scale Standard Error 1.58

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: pre-training and 6 month follow-up

Population: The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the baseline and 6 month follow up time point questionnaires.

Assesses resiliency in the participant according to the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, 10-item. The CD-RISC 10 is comprised of ten questions scored from 0 (Not at all true) to 4 (True nearly all of the time). The sum of the scores from all ten questions was used to determine a total scale score which ranges from 0 (low resiliency) to 40 (highly resilient).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=28 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=22 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Self-reported Resiliency Score Pre-training	21.78 Scores on scale Standard Error 1.38	28.71 Scores on scale Standard Error 1.49
Self-reported Resiliency Score 6 month follow-up	23.68 Scores on scale Standard Error 1.21	27.82 Scores on scale Standard Error 1.31

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: July 19-20, 2010

Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in their lifetime as measured at baseline

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=31 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=24 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Lifetime Suicidal Ideation at Baseline	14 participants	14 participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: July 19-20, 2010

Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt in their lifetime as measured at baseline

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=31 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=24 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Lifetime Suicide Attempt at Baseline	6 participants	6 participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: July 19-20, 2010

Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured at baseline (not at all vs a little to a lot)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=31 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=24 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days at Baseline Not at all	29 participants	22 participants
Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days at Baseline A little to a lot	2 participants	2 participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: July 22-23, 2010

Population: The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the post-training questionnaire.

Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide in the past 2 days as measured immediately post training (not at all vs a little to a lot)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=25 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=23 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Number of People With Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days Immediately Post Training Not at all	23 participants	21 participants
Number of People With Suicidal Ideation in Past 2 Days Immediately Post Training A little to a lot	2 participants	2 participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: January 28-31, 2011

Population: The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the 6 month follow up time point questionnaire.

Number of people who endorsed having thought about suicide since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up (not at all vs a little to a lot)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=28 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=22 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Suicidal Ideation Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up Not at all	21 participants	21 participants
Suicidal Ideation Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up A little to a lot	7 participants	1 participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: January 28-31, 2011

Population: The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the 6 month follow up time point questionnaire.

Number of people who endorsed having made a suicide attempt since the training as measured at 6 month follow-up

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=28 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=22 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Attempted Suicide Since Training at 6 mo Follow-up	0 participants	0 participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: January 28-31, 2011

Population: The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the baseline and 6 month follow up time point questionnaires.

Number of participants who have asked someone that they thought was at risk about suicidal thoughts since the training, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=28 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=22 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Gatekeeper Behaviors - Asked Person at Risk About Suicidal Thoughts	3 participants	6 participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: January 28-31, 2011

Population: The smaller number of participants per group reflects the number of individuals who responded to the baseline and 6 month follow up time point questionnaires.

Number of participants who did not ask someone about their suicidal thoughts even though they thought they were at risk, measured at 6 month follow-up assessment based on time since training.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) n=28 Participants Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST) is a 2-day, 14 hour suicide intervention skills training workshop. ASIST is an intensive, interactive and practice-dominated course aimed at enabling people to recognize risk and learn how to intervene immediately to prevent suicide. The training is designed for anyone (especially those in a position of trust), from professionals and volunteers to members of the community. Participants range from those in caring roles to people concerned about family members or friends. The theory is that suicide can be pre¬vented with the help of prepared caregivers. ASIST is designed to help all caregivers become more willing, ready and able to help persons at risk. Just as "CPR" skills make physical first aid possible, training in suicide intervention develops the skills used in suicide first aid.	Resilience Retreat n=22 Participants The 2-day 14-hour resilience retreat (RR) was divided into cultural teachings and activities, sharing circles, small group discussions, and story telling. The RR included four main components: (1) Seven Sacred Teachings; (2) Self-identity-focused on knowing your identity, the past, and celebrating your history. Following the presentation, participants divided into community groups for discussion and then reconvened with all attendees to share discussion points; (3) Healthy communities-explored and discussed questions regarding healthy communities using both verbal and pictorial explanations; (4) Bracelet-making activity. The RR ended with a sharing circle attended by all participants.
Gatekeeper Behaviours - Did Not Ask Person at Risk	9 participants	9 participants

Adverse Events

Applied Suicide Intervention Skills Training (ASIST)

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Resilience Retreat

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Shay-Lee Bolton

University of Manitoba

Phone: 204-787-5082

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place