Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effectiveness of Incorporating Tai Chi in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in Primary Health Care (NCT NCT01259245)
NCT ID: NCT01259245
Last Updated: 2013-03-05
Results Overview
34 item questionnaire consisting of likert scale with 5 responses ranging from "1" indicating " not at all confident" to "5" indicating " very confident" with higher scores representing higher self efficacy. In this study , we used the rating score in the analysis as some items were considered non-applicable in some cases. Rating score from 0.2 to 1 with 0.2 as "not at all confident and 1 as "very confident". The validated Chinese version of CSES was also used
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
192 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Change in CSES at 6 months post-intervention
Results posted on
2013-03-05
Participant Flow
The recruitment and intervention part of the study took place between March 2011 and November 2011 with follow-up until May 2012. Subjects were recruited from four difference general out-patient clinics (GOPCs.
Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 192 adult subjects were enrolled into the study
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
98
|
94
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
70
|
68
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
28
|
26
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
|
27
|
24
|
|
Overall Study
Death
|
1
|
2
|
Baseline Characteristics
Effectiveness of Incorporating Tai Chi in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in Primary Health Care
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
Total
n=192 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age Continuous
|
74 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.81 • n=5 Participants
|
74 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.41 • n=7 Participants
|
74 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.624 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
87 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
88 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
175 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
Hong Kong
|
98 participants
n=5 Participants
|
94 participants
n=7 Participants
|
192 participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
COPD-CSES
|
0.684 rating score 0.2 to 1
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.165 • n=5 Participants
|
0.638 rating score 0.2 to 1
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.152 • n=7 Participants
|
0.661 rating score 0.2 to 1
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.160 • n=5 Participants
|
|
SEMSOB
|
6.86 likert scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.34 • n=5 Participants
|
6.53 likert scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.98 • n=7 Participants
|
6.70 likert scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.171 • n=5 Participants
|
|
SGRQ HKC Symptom
|
27.57 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.71 • n=5 Participants
|
29.77 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.94 • n=7 Participants
|
28.65 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.80 • n=5 Participants
|
|
SGRQ HK-Activity
|
43.08 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.42 • n=5 Participants
|
50.75 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.77 • n=7 Participants
|
46.84 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.36 • n=5 Participants
|
|
SGRQ HKC-Impact
|
24.11 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.37 • n=5 Participants
|
27.43 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.02 • n=7 Participants
|
25.74 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.74 • n=5 Participants
|
|
SGRQ-HKC Total
|
30.44 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.16 • n=5 Participants
|
34.89 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.39 • n=7 Participants
|
32.61 score from 0 to 100
STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.87 • n=5 Participants
|
|
6 MWT
|
320.2 Distance in meters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 71.86 • n=5 Participants
|
312.1 Distance in meters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 64.15 • n=7 Participants
|
316.22 Distance in meters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 68.14 • n=5 Participants
|
|
FVC
|
2.26 liters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.80 • n=5 Participants
|
2.05 liters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.66 • n=7 Participants
|
2.15 liters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.74 • n=5 Participants
|
|
FEV1
|
1.23 liters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.45 • n=5 Participants
|
1.10 liters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.45 • n=7 Participants
|
1.16 liters
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.46 • n=5 Participants
|
|
FEV1% Pred
|
63.1 percentage of predicted normal values
STANDARD_DEVIATION 22.11 • n=5 Participants
|
56.38 percentage of predicted normal values
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.81 • n=7 Participants
|
59.82 percentage of predicted normal values
STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.15 • n=5 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Change in CSES at 6 months post-interventionPopulation: Intention to treat was used in the analysis
34 item questionnaire consisting of likert scale with 5 responses ranging from "1" indicating " not at all confident" to "5" indicating " very confident" with higher scores representing higher self efficacy. In this study , we used the rating score in the analysis as some items were considered non-applicable in some cases. Rating score from 0.2 to 1 with 0.2 as "not at all confident and 1 as "very confident". The validated Chinese version of CSES was also used
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
Self Efficacy :COPD Self Efficacy Scale (CSES)
|
0.733 rating score of 0.2 to 1
Standard Deviation 0.143
|
0.685 rating score of 0.2 to 1
Standard Deviation 0.137
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Change in SEMSOB at 6 months post-interventionPopulation: Intention to treat
The SEMSOB is a single question 1-10 scale, valid and reliable instrument that measures patients' overall confidence in keeping breathing difficulties from interfering with what they want to do with higher score indicating greater self efficacy.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
Self- Efficacy : Self-Efficacy for Managing Shortness of Breath ( SEMSOB)
|
7.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.98
|
7.03 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.75
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 months post-interventionPopulation: Intention to treat analysis
SGRQ HKC-Symptoms is calculated by dividing the summed weights by the adjusted maximum possible weight for that component and expressing the result as a percentage. SGRQ-Symptoms score ranged from 0 to 100, where zero indicates best health and 100 indicating maximum disability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
SGRQ HKC-Symptoms
|
23.49 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.53
|
25.58 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.06
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 months post-interventionPopulation: Intention to treat analysis
SGRQ HKC-Activity is calculated by dividing the summed weights by the adjusted maximum possible weight for that component and expressing the result as a percentage. SGRQ-Activity score from 0 to 100, where zero indicates best health and 100 indicating maximum disability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
SGRQ HKC-Activity
|
41.04 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.84
|
44.92 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.89
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 months post-interventionPopulation: intention to treat
SGRQ HKC -Impact is calculated by dividing the summed weights by the adjusted maximum possible weight for that component and expressing the result as a percentage. SGRQ-impact score from 0 to 100, where zero indicates best health and 100 indicating maximum disability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
SGRQ HKC-Impact
|
19.56 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.36
|
20.23 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.27
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 months post-interventionPopulation: Intention to treat analysis
SGRQ HKC-Total is calculated by summing all positive responses in the questionnaire and expressing the result as a percentage of the toal weight for the questionnaire. A total score is calculated from all three components. The SGRQ-total score ranged from 0 to 100, where zero indicates best health and 100 indicating maximum disability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
SGRQ HKC Total
|
26.72 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.39
|
28.60 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.33
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 months post-interventionPopulation: Intention to treat analysis
The 6 minute walking test ( 6MWT) was conducted according to protocol recommended by American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines to measure functional exercise capacity.This test measured the self paced distance in meters that a patient could quickly walk on a flat, hard surface in a period of 6 minutes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
6 MWT in Meters
|
335.1 meters
Standard Deviation 68.49
|
340.2 meters
Standard Deviation 74.20
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 months post interventionPopulation: Intention to treat analysis
Forced vital capacity, measured in liters, component of lung function parameters measured by spirometry
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
FVC
|
2.26 liters
Standard Deviation 0.77
|
2.18 liters
Standard Deviation 0.75
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 months post-interventionPopulation: Intention to treat analysis
Forced expiratory volume in one second, measured in liters, component of lung function test measured by spirometry
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
FEV1
|
1.28 liters
Standard Deviation 0.51
|
1.21 liters
Standard Deviation 0.52
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 months post-interventionPopulation: Intention to treat
Pred FEV1 percent predicted normal values;measured using spirometry
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program
n=98 Participants
PRP is a formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of physical training including warm up and cool down exercise and aerobic exercises in addition to breathing control exercises, safety precautions for physical training, Thera-Band strengthening exercises and overview of COPD management.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
|
Tai Chi + PRP
n=94 Participants
Tai chi elements in incorporated into the exercise component of standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. The exercise content was totally identical to the PRP group except 15 minutes of Tai Chi exercises was substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise. The 5 forms of Sun Style of Tai Chi were taught.
PRP : Formal pulmonary rehabilitation program consisted of overview of COPD management, aerobic exercises, breathing control exercises, Thera-Band strengthening exercises, safety precautions for physical training and goal setting
Tai chi + PRP : The exercise content was totally identical to PRP group except 15 minutes of 5 Sun Style Tai Chi were substituted to 15 minutes of relaxation exercise
|
|---|---|---|
|
FEV1% Pred
|
66.2 percentage of FEV1 predicted
Standard Deviation 24.75
|
62.52 percentage of FEV1 predicted
Standard Deviation 27.65
|
Adverse Events
PRP + Tai Chi
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program PRP
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place