Trial Outcomes & Findings for Cancer in Patients With Gabapentin (GPRD) (NCT NCT01236053)

NCT ID: NCT01236053

Last Updated: 2017-07-06

Results Overview

Incidence of all cancers. Gabapentin Exposure Description: Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date. With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Target enrollment

2323608 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

The case index date was the date of incident cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Results posted on

2017-07-06

Participant Flow

Patients were not recruited for nor enrolled in this study. This study is a retrospective observational study. Data from medical records or insurance claims databases are anonymized and used to develop a patient cohort. All diagnoses and treatments are recorded in the course of routine medical practice.

Actual number of patients may be less, as it is possible for a patient to be represented in more than 1 of the 22 arms (See "Participant Flow: Overall Study" Table) because of the risk set sampling.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
All-Cancer: Cases
Incidence of all cancers defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
All-Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Stomach Cancer: Cases
Incidence of stomach cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Stomach Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Anal Cancer: Cases
Incidence of anal cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Anal Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Lung Cancer: Cases
Incidence of lung cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Lung Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Bone/Joint Cancer: Cases
Incidence of bone/joint cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Bone/Joint Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Breast Cancer: Cases
Incidence of breast cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Breast Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Penile Cancer: Cases
Incidence of penile cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Penile Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Bladder Cancer: Cases
Incidence of bladder cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Bladder Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Other Nervous System Cancer: Cases
Incidence of other nervous system cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Other Nervous System Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Pancreatic Cancer: Cases
Incidence of pancreatic cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Pancreatic Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Renal Cancer: Cases
Incidence of renal cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Renal Cancer: Controls
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Overall Study
STARTED
179138
1710950
1877
17853
212
2067
10855
102836
300
2935
19564
188924
148
1396
4600
43559
38
380
2155
20382
1272
12167
Overall Study
COMPLETED
179138
1710950
1877
17853
212
2067
10855
102836
300
2935
19564
188924
148
1396
4600
43559
38
380
2155
20382
1272
12167
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Cancer in Patients With Gabapentin (GPRD)

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
All-Cancer: Cases
n=179138 Participants
Incidence of all cancers defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
All-Cancer: Controls
n=1710950 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Stomach Cancer: Cases
n=1877 Participants
Incidence of stomach cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Stomach Cancer: Controls
n=17853 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Anal Cancer: Cases
n=212 Participants
Incidence of anal cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Anal Cancer: Controls
n=2067 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Lung Cancer: Cases
n=10855 Participants
Incidence of lung cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Lung Cancer: Controls
n=102836 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Bone/Joint Cancer: Cases
n=300 Participants
Incidence of bone/joint cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Bone/Joint Cancer: Controls
n=2935 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Breast Cancer: Cases
n=19564 Participants
Incidence of breast cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Breast Cancer: Controls
n=188924 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Penile Cancer: Cases
n=148 Participants
Incidence of penile cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Penile Cancer: Controls
n=1396 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Bladder Cancer: Cases
n=4600 Participants
Incidence of bladder cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Bladder Cancer: Controls
n=43559 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Other Nervous System Cancer: Cases
n=38 Participants
Incidence of other nervous system cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Other Nervous System Cancer: Controls
n=380 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Pancreatic Cancer: Cases
n=2155 Participants
Incidence of pancreatic cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Pancreatic Cancer: Controls
n=20382 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Renal Cancer: Cases
n=1272 Participants
Incidence of renal cancer defined as first time incident cancer diagnosis (READ/Oxford Medical Information System \[OXMIS\] codes) in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) study cohort. Entry into the study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at the time of GPRD registration if after January 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if the respective cancer was diagnosed or if the participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with a prior history of cancer were excluded.
Renal Cancer: Controls
n=12167 Participants
Cancer cases were risk set matched with up to 10 controls for sex, age at GPRD study cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site. The index date for controls was set as the date at which the follow-up time from cohort entry was the same as the case. The index date was chosen so as to give the control equal follow-up time to that of the case for ascertainment of use of gabapentin. Participants with a history of cancer prior to the index date were excluded as controls.
Total
n=2323608 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Customized
< 40 years
10246 participants
n=5 Participants
101968 participants
n=7 Participants
16 participants
n=5 Participants
155 participants
n=4 Participants
12 participants
n=21 Participants
118 participants
n=10 Participants
36 participants
n=115 Participants
369 participants
n=6 Participants
120 participants
n=6 Participants
1173 participants
n=64 Participants
915 participants
n=17 Participants
9346 participants
n=21 Participants
9 participants
n=22 Participants
90 participants
n=8 Participants
56 participants
n=16 Participants
552 participants
n=135 Participants
5 participants
n=136 Participants
54 participants
n=44 Participants
11 participants
n=667 Participants
132 participants
n=7 Participants
31 participants
n=6 Participants
317 participants
n=10 Participants
125731 participants
n=14 Participants
Age, Customized
40-49 years
13112 participants
n=5 Participants
132244 participants
n=7 Participants
48 participants
n=5 Participants
469 participants
n=4 Participants
18 participants
n=21 Participants
200 participants
n=10 Participants
294 participants
n=115 Participants
2973 participants
n=6 Participants
21 participants
n=6 Participants
254 participants
n=64 Participants
2827 participants
n=17 Participants
29167 participants
n=21 Participants
16 participants
n=22 Participants
154 participants
n=8 Participants
120 participants
n=16 Participants
1285 participants
n=135 Participants
8 participants
n=136 Participants
78 participants
n=44 Participants
65 participants
n=667 Participants
669 participants
n=7 Participants
99 participants
n=6 Participants
990 participants
n=10 Participants
185111 participants
n=14 Participants
Age, Customized
50-59 years
28392 participants
n=5 Participants
279797 participants
n=7 Participants
135 participants
n=5 Participants
1388 participants
n=4 Participants
47 participants
n=21 Participants
467 participants
n=10 Participants
1256 participants
n=115 Participants
12388 participants
n=6 Participants
46 participants
n=6 Participants
422 participants
n=64 Participants
5319 participants
n=17 Participants
51266 participants
n=21 Participants
30 participants
n=22 Participants
300 participants
n=8 Participants
547 participants
n=16 Participants
5296 participants
n=135 Participants
5 participants
n=136 Participants
54 participants
n=44 Participants
261 participants
n=667 Participants
2564 participants
n=7 Participants
249 participants
n=6 Participants
2406 participants
n=10 Participants
392635 participants
n=14 Participants
Age, Customized
60-69 years
43077 participants
n=5 Participants
415567 participants
n=7 Participants
395 participants
n=5 Participants
3850 participants
n=4 Participants
45 participants
n=21 Participants
464 participants
n=10 Participants
2944 participants
n=115 Participants
28526 participants
n=6 Participants
38 participants
n=6 Participants
360 participants
n=64 Participants
4665 participants
n=17 Participants
44769 participants
n=21 Participants
32 participants
n=22 Participants
320 participants
n=8 Participants
1127 participants
n=16 Participants
11021 participants
n=135 Participants
9 participants
n=136 Participants
78 participants
n=44 Participants
515 participants
n=667 Participants
5043 participants
n=7 Participants
362 participants
n=6 Participants
3498 participants
n=10 Participants
566705 participants
n=14 Participants
Age, Customized
70-79 years
50072 participants
n=5 Participants
475887 participants
n=7 Participants
679 participants
n=5 Participants
6559 participants
n=4 Participants
50 participants
n=21 Participants
440 participants
n=10 Participants
4092 participants
n=115 Participants
38557 participants
n=6 Participants
51 participants
n=6 Participants
501 participants
n=64 Participants
3334 participants
n=17 Participants
32051 participants
n=21 Participants
44 participants
n=22 Participants
388 participants
n=8 Participants
1644 participants
n=16 Participants
15471 participants
n=135 Participants
4 participants
n=136 Participants
48 participants
n=44 Participants
716 participants
n=667 Participants
6813 participants
n=7 Participants
361 participants
n=6 Participants
3399 participants
n=10 Participants
641161 participants
n=14 Participants
Age, Customized
80+ years
34239 participants
n=5 Participants
305487 participants
n=7 Participants
604 participants
n=5 Participants
5432 participants
n=4 Participants
40 participants
n=21 Participants
378 participants
n=10 Participants
2233 participants
n=115 Participants
20023 participants
n=6 Participants
24 participants
n=6 Participants
225 participants
n=64 Participants
2504 participants
n=17 Participants
22325 participants
n=21 Participants
17 participants
n=22 Participants
144 participants
n=8 Participants
1106 participants
n=16 Participants
9934 participants
n=135 Participants
7 participants
n=136 Participants
68 participants
n=44 Participants
587 participants
n=667 Participants
5161 participants
n=7 Participants
170 participants
n=6 Participants
1557 participants
n=10 Participants
412265 participants
n=14 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
92099 Participants
n=5 Participants
883331 Participants
n=7 Participants
716 Participants
n=5 Participants
6789 Participants
n=4 Participants
133 Participants
n=21 Participants
1294 Participants
n=10 Participants
4259 Participants
n=115 Participants
40345 Participants
n=6 Participants
156 Participants
n=6 Participants
1538 Participants
n=64 Participants
19564 Participants
n=17 Participants
188924 Participants
n=21 Participants
0 Participants
n=22 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
1229 Participants
n=16 Participants
11552 Participants
n=135 Participants
14 Participants
n=136 Participants
140 Participants
n=44 Participants
1109 Participants
n=667 Participants
10530 Participants
n=7 Participants
507 Participants
n=6 Participants
4820 Participants
n=10 Participants
1269049 Participants
n=14 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
87039 Participants
n=5 Participants
827619 Participants
n=7 Participants
1161 Participants
n=5 Participants
11064 Participants
n=4 Participants
79 Participants
n=21 Participants
773 Participants
n=10 Participants
6596 Participants
n=115 Participants
62491 Participants
n=6 Participants
144 Participants
n=6 Participants
1397 Participants
n=64 Participants
0 Participants
n=17 Participants
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
148 Participants
n=22 Participants
1396 Participants
n=8 Participants
3371 Participants
n=16 Participants
32007 Participants
n=135 Participants
24 Participants
n=136 Participants
240 Participants
n=44 Participants
1046 Participants
n=667 Participants
9852 Participants
n=7 Participants
765 Participants
n=6 Participants
7347 Participants
n=10 Participants
1054559 Participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated duration of follow-up from registration to index date
0-1 years
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
11846 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
11846 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated duration of follow-up from registration to index date
2-3 years
12001 participants
n=5 Participants
99830 participants
n=7 Participants
115 participants
n=5 Participants
866 participants
n=4 Participants
14 participants
n=21 Participants
135 participants
n=10 Participants
644 participants
n=115 Participants
5014 participants
n=6 Participants
35 participants
n=6 Participants
331 participants
n=64 Participants
1361 participants
n=17 Participants
11846 participants
n=21 Participants
9 participants
n=22 Participants
73 participants
n=8 Participants
251 participants
n=16 Participants
2007 participants
n=135 Participants
2 participants
n=136 Participants
13 participants
n=44 Participants
118 participants
n=667 Participants
968 participants
n=7 Participants
91 participants
n=6 Participants
762 participants
n=10 Participants
136486 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated duration of follow-up from registration to index date
4-5 years
12675 participants
n=5 Participants
108112 participants
n=7 Participants
123 participants
n=5 Participants
1048 participants
n=4 Participants
20 participants
n=21 Participants
164 participants
n=10 Participants
708 participants
n=115 Participants
5868 participants
n=6 Participants
35 participants
n=6 Participants
308 participants
n=64 Participants
1426 participants
n=17 Participants
12724 participants
n=21 Participants
15 participants
n=22 Participants
136 participants
n=8 Participants
283 participants
n=16 Participants
2403 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
122 participants
n=667 Participants
1028 participants
n=7 Participants
72 participants
n=6 Participants
695 participants
n=10 Participants
147965 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated duration of follow-up from registration to index date
6-7 years
13403 participants
n=5 Participants
119691 participants
n=7 Participants
157 participants
n=5 Participants
1321 participants
n=4 Participants
13 participants
n=21 Participants
121 participants
n=10 Participants
802 participants
n=115 Participants
6978 participants
n=6 Participants
29 participants
n=6 Participants
264 participants
n=64 Participants
1508 participants
n=17 Participants
14037 participants
n=21 Participants
12 participants
n=22 Participants
104 participants
n=8 Participants
304 participants
n=16 Participants
2694 participants
n=135 Participants
5 participants
n=136 Participants
41 participants
n=44 Participants
173 participants
n=667 Participants
1418 participants
n=7 Participants
95 participants
n=6 Participants
839 participants
n=10 Participants
164009 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated duration of follow-up from registration to index date
8+ years
141059 participants
n=5 Participants
1383317 participants
n=7 Participants
1482 participants
n=5 Participants
14618 participants
n=4 Participants
165 participants
n=21 Participants
1647 participants
n=10 Participants
8681 participants
n=115 Participants
84976 participants
n=6 Participants
201 participants
n=6 Participants
2032 participants
n=64 Participants
15269 participants
n=17 Participants
150317 participants
n=21 Participants
112 participants
n=22 Participants
1083 participants
n=8 Participants
3762 participants
n=16 Participants
36455 participants
n=135 Participants
31 participants
n=136 Participants
326 participants
n=44 Participants
1742 participants
n=667 Participants
16968 participants
n=7 Participants
1014 participants
n=6 Participants
9871 participants
n=10 Participants
1875128 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated duration of follow-up from cohort entry to index date
0-1 years
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
3216 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
3216 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated duration of follow-up from cohort entry to index date
2-3 years
24693 participants
n=5 Participants
226195 participants
n=7 Participants
351 participants
n=5 Participants
3216 participants
n=4 Participants
32 participants
n=21 Participants
319 participants
n=10 Participants
1627 participants
n=115 Participants
14736 participants
n=6 Participants
48 participants
n=6 Participants
458 participants
n=64 Participants
2784 participants
n=17 Participants
26004 participants
n=21 Participants
24 participants
n=22 Participants
212 participants
n=8 Participants
592 participants
n=16 Participants
5351 participants
n=135 Participants
2 participants
n=136 Participants
20 participants
n=44 Participants
310 participants
n=667 Participants
2835 participants
n=7 Participants
186 participants
n=6 Participants
1704 participants
n=10 Participants
311699 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated duration of follow-up from cohort entry to index date
4-5 years
24123 participants
n=5 Participants
223084 participants
n=7 Participants
281 participants
n=5 Participants
2628 participants
n=4 Participants
32 participants
n=21 Participants
288 participants
n=10 Participants
1489 participants
n=115 Participants
13563 participants
n=6 Participants
48 participants
n=6 Participants
451 participants
n=64 Participants
2718 participants
n=17 Participants
25616 participants
n=21 Participants
28 participants
n=22 Participants
264 participants
n=8 Participants
609 participants
n=16 Participants
5502 participants
n=135 Participants
2 participants
n=136 Participants
20 participants
n=44 Participants
283 participants
n=667 Participants
2596 participants
n=7 Participants
149 participants
n=6 Participants
1388 participants
n=10 Participants
305162 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated duration of follow-up from cohort entry to index date
6-7 years
25608 participants
n=5 Participants
241586 participants
n=7 Participants
231 participants
n=5 Participants
2108 participants
n=4 Participants
26 participants
n=21 Participants
257 participants
n=10 Participants
1577 participants
n=115 Participants
14855 participants
n=6 Participants
49 participants
n=6 Participants
490 participants
n=64 Participants
2830 participants
n=17 Participants
27109 participants
n=21 Participants
17 participants
n=22 Participants
159 participants
n=8 Participants
618 participants
n=16 Participants
5824 participants
n=135 Participants
6 participants
n=136 Participants
60 participants
n=44 Participants
318 participants
n=667 Participants
2972 participants
n=7 Participants
165 participants
n=6 Participants
1564 participants
n=10 Participants
328429 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated duration of follow-up from cohort entry to index date
8+ years
104714 participants
n=5 Participants
1020085 participants
n=7 Participants
1014 participants
n=5 Participants
9901 participants
n=4 Participants
122 participants
n=21 Participants
1203 participants
n=10 Participants
6162 participants
n=115 Participants
59682 participants
n=6 Participants
155 participants
n=6 Participants
1536 participants
n=64 Participants
11232 participants
n=17 Participants
110195 participants
n=21 Participants
79 participants
n=22 Participants
761 participants
n=8 Participants
2781 participants
n=16 Participants
26882 participants
n=135 Participants
28 participants
n=136 Participants
280 participants
n=44 Participants
1244 participants
n=667 Participants
11979 participants
n=7 Participants
772 participants
n=6 Participants
7511 participants
n=10 Participants
1378318 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI: < 18.5 kg/m^2
2393 participants
n=5 Participants
19861 participants
n=7 Participants
30 participants
n=5 Participants
190 participants
n=4 Participants
5 participants
n=21 Participants
30 participants
n=10 Participants
255 participants
n=115 Participants
1081 participants
n=6 Participants
7 participants
n=6 Participants
38 participants
n=64 Participants
267 participants
n=17 Participants
3059 participants
n=21 Participants
1 participants
n=22 Participants
7 participants
n=8 Participants
52 participants
n=16 Participants
380 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
4 participants
n=44 Participants
30 participants
n=667 Participants
232 participants
n=7 Participants
7 participants
n=6 Participants
128 participants
n=10 Participants
28057 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI: 18.5 to 24.99 kg/m^2
61913 participants
n=5 Participants
569726 participants
n=7 Participants
580 participants
n=5 Participants
5429 participants
n=4 Participants
82 participants
n=21 Participants
674 participants
n=10 Participants
3912 participants
n=115 Participants
31787 participants
n=6 Participants
72 participants
n=6 Participants
741 participants
n=64 Participants
7813 participants
n=17 Participants
75516 participants
n=21 Participants
42 participants
n=22 Participants
420 participants
n=8 Participants
1408 participants
n=16 Participants
13224 participants
n=135 Participants
11 participants
n=136 Participants
106 participants
n=44 Participants
662 participants
n=667 Participants
6313 participants
n=7 Participants
331 participants
n=6 Participants
3753 participants
n=10 Participants
784515 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI: 25 to 29.99 kg/m^2
54471 participants
n=5 Participants
508109 participants
n=7 Participants
579 participants
n=5 Participants
5483 participants
n=4 Participants
55 participants
n=21 Participants
581 participants
n=10 Participants
3070 participants
n=115 Participants
33035 participants
n=6 Participants
70 participants
n=6 Participants
580 participants
n=64 Participants
5054 participants
n=17 Participants
47989 participants
n=21 Participants
50 participants
n=22 Participants
461 participants
n=8 Participants
1591 participants
n=16 Participants
14390 participants
n=135 Participants
11 participants
n=136 Participants
111 participants
n=44 Participants
662 participants
n=667 Participants
6313 participants
n=7 Participants
447 participants
n=6 Participants
3958 participants
n=10 Participants
687070 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI: 30 kg/m^2 or greater
22152 participants
n=5 Participants
206232 participants
n=7 Participants
245 participants
n=5 Participants
2001 participants
n=4 Participants
21 participants
n=21 Participants
254 participants
n=10 Participants
1097 participants
n=115 Participants
12814 participants
n=6 Participants
25 participants
n=6 Participants
285 participants
n=64 Participants
2773 participants
n=17 Participants
25819 participants
n=21 Participants
22 participants
n=22 Participants
142 participants
n=8 Participants
587 participants
n=16 Participants
5117 participants
n=135 Participants
7 participants
n=136 Participants
37 participants
n=44 Participants
294 participants
n=667 Participants
2492 participants
n=7 Participants
245 participants
n=6 Participants
1626 participants
n=10 Participants
284287 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI: Missing
38209 participants
n=5 Participants
407022 participants
n=7 Participants
443 participants
n=5 Participants
4750 participants
n=4 Participants
49 participants
n=21 Participants
528 participants
n=10 Participants
2521 participants
n=115 Participants
24119 participants
n=6 Participants
126 participants
n=6 Participants
1291 participants
n=64 Participants
3657 participants
n=17 Participants
36541 participants
n=21 Participants
33 participants
n=22 Participants
366 participants
n=8 Participants
962 participants
n=16 Participants
10448 participants
n=135 Participants
9 participants
n=136 Participants
122 participants
n=44 Participants
507 participants
n=667 Participants
5027 participants
n=7 Participants
242 participants
n=6 Participants
2702 participants
n=10 Participants
539674 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated smoking status
Current Smoker
38033 participants
n=5 Participants
306184 participants
n=7 Participants
375 participants
n=5 Participants
2902 participants
n=4 Participants
63 participants
n=21 Participants
379 participants
n=10 Participants
4806 participants
n=115 Participants
18856 participants
n=6 Participants
51 participants
n=6 Participants
476 participants
n=64 Participants
3572 participants
n=17 Participants
34818 participants
n=21 Participants
51 participants
n=22 Participants
297 participants
n=8 Participants
1310 participants
n=16 Participants
7502 participants
n=135 Participants
10 participants
n=136 Participants
71 participants
n=44 Participants
518 participants
n=667 Participants
3368 participants
n=7 Participants
309 participants
n=6 Participants
2324 participants
n=10 Participants
426275 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated smoking status
Ex-Smoker
41270 participants
n=5 Participants
354651 participants
n=7 Participants
531 participants
n=5 Participants
4134 participants
n=4 Participants
41 participants
n=21 Participants
380 participants
n=10 Participants
3594 participants
n=115 Participants
24290 participants
n=6 Participants
43 participants
n=6 Participants
385 participants
n=64 Participants
3156 participants
n=17 Participants
28210 participants
n=21 Participants
29 participants
n=22 Participants
334 participants
n=8 Participants
1307 participants
n=16 Participants
11070 participants
n=135 Participants
6 participants
n=136 Participants
77 participants
n=44 Participants
499 participants
n=667 Participants
4247 participants
n=7 Participants
319 participants
n=6 Participants
2768 participants
n=10 Participants
481341 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated smoking status
Never Smoked
85483 participants
n=5 Participants
854263 participants
n=7 Participants
810 participants
n=5 Participants
8540 participants
n=4 Participants
83 participants
n=21 Participants
1048 participants
n=10 Participants
1766 participants
n=115 Participants
48127 participants
n=6 Participants
133 participants
n=6 Participants
1255 participants
n=64 Participants
11396 participants
n=17 Participants
109463 participants
n=21 Participants
58 participants
n=22 Participants
587 participants
n=8 Participants
1636 participants
n=16 Participants
20018 participants
n=135 Participants
17 participants
n=136 Participants
176 participants
n=44 Participants
929 participants
n=667 Participants
10455 participants
n=7 Participants
570 participants
n=6 Participants
5875 participants
n=10 Participants
1162688 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated smoking status
Unknown
14352 participants
n=5 Participants
195852 participants
n=7 Participants
161 participants
n=5 Participants
2277 participants
n=4 Participants
25 participants
n=21 Participants
260 participants
n=10 Participants
689 participants
n=115 Participants
11563 participants
n=6 Participants
73 participants
n=6 Participants
819 participants
n=64 Participants
1440 participants
n=17 Participants
16433 participants
n=21 Participants
10 participants
n=22 Participants
178 participants
n=8 Participants
347 participants
n=16 Participants
4969 participants
n=135 Participants
5 participants
n=136 Participants
56 participants
n=44 Participants
209 participants
n=667 Participants
2312 participants
n=7 Participants
74 participants
n=6 Participants
1200 participants
n=10 Participants
253304 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated alcohol consumption (per day)
0 units/day
36134 participants
n=5 Participants
340399 participants
n=7 Participants
422 participants
n=5 Participants
3817 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
2412 participants
n=115 Participants
21471 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
4585 participants
n=17 Participants
44823 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
454063 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated alcohol consumption (per day)
1-2 units/day
86422 participants
n=5 Participants
801383 participants
n=7 Participants
839 participants
n=5 Participants
7659 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
4661 participants
n=115 Participants
46769 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
9947 participants
n=17 Participants
93964 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
1051644 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated alcohol consumption (per day)
3-6 units/day
11929 participants
n=5 Participants
102201 participants
n=7 Participants
115 participants
n=5 Participants
1118 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
868 participants
n=115 Participants
6843 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
535 participants
n=17 Participants
4544 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
128153 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated alcohol consumption (per day)
7+ units/day
1992 participants
n=5 Participants
15014 participants
n=7 Participants
18 participants
n=5 Participants
157 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
202 participants
n=115 Participants
1132 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
50 participants
n=17 Participants
399 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
18964 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants with the indicated alcohol consumption (per day)
Missing
42661 participants
n=5 Participants
451953 participants
n=7 Participants
483 participants
n=5 Participants
5102 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
2712 participants
n=115 Participants
26621 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
4447 participants
n=17 Participants
45194 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
579173 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Acid suppressing drugs (>6 mo. before index date)
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
796 participants
n=5 Participants
5202 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
5998 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Back pain
87337 participants
n=5 Participants
765861 participants
n=7 Participants
924 participants
n=5 Participants
7779 participants
n=4 Participants
92 participants
n=21 Participants
924 participants
n=10 Participants
5626 participants
n=115 Participants
46417 participants
n=6 Participants
130 participants
n=6 Participants
1008 participants
n=64 Participants
9603 participants
n=17 Participants
91302 participants
n=21 Participants
59 participants
n=22 Participants
569 participants
n=8 Participants
2149 participants
n=16 Participants
18811 participants
n=135 Participants
23 participants
n=136 Participants
192 participants
n=44 Participants
1081 participants
n=667 Participants
9186 participants
n=7 Participants
678 participants
n=6 Participants
5473 participants
n=10 Participants
1055224 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Benign breast disease
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
894 participants
n=17 Participants
5508 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
6402 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
2532 participants
n=115 Participants
6639 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
9171 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Chronic pancreatitis
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
13 participants
n=667 Participants
8 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
21 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Current estrogen (within 6 months of index date)
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
2916 participants
n=17 Participants
22576 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
25492 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Diabetes
15280 participants
n=5 Participants
130210 participants
n=7 Participants
208 participants
n=5 Participants
1592 participants
n=4 Participants
17 participants
n=21 Participants
139 participants
n=10 Participants
1086 participants
n=115 Participants
9448 participants
n=6 Participants
15 participants
n=6 Participants
155 participants
n=64 Participants
1162 participants
n=17 Participants
9899 participants
n=21 Participants
18 participants
n=22 Participants
104 participants
n=8 Participants
559 participants
n=16 Participants
4087 participants
n=135 Participants
3 participants
n=136 Participants
32 participants
n=44 Participants
241 participants
n=667 Participants
1415 participants
n=7 Participants
155 participants
n=6 Participants
968 participants
n=10 Participants
176793 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Diuretic use (at any time up to the index date)
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
554 participants
n=6 Participants
3815 participants
n=10 Participants
4369 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Epilepsy
3015 participants
n=5 Participants
24226 participants
n=7 Participants
32 participants
n=5 Participants
271 participants
n=4 Participants
8 participants
n=21 Participants
23 participants
n=10 Participants
214 participants
n=115 Participants
1577 participants
n=6 Participants
3 participants
n=6 Participants
33 participants
n=64 Participants
285 participants
n=17 Participants
2486 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
28 participants
n=8 Participants
78 participants
n=16 Participants
654 participants
n=135 Participants
3 participants
n=136 Participants
4 participants
n=44 Participants
35 participants
n=667 Participants
289 participants
n=7 Participants
20 participants
n=6 Participants
176 participants
n=10 Participants
33460 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
3 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
3 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Human papillomavirus (HPV) (genital)
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
15 participants
n=21 Participants
7 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
9 participants
n=22 Participants
12 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
43 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Hypertension
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
749 participants
n=6 Participants
5580 participants
n=10 Participants
6329 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Hysterectomy
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
3563 participants
n=17 Participants
34290 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
37853 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Neuropathic pain
38561 participants
n=5 Participants
338723 participants
n=7 Participants
382 participants
n=5 Participants
3485 participants
n=4 Participants
47 participants
n=21 Participants
406 participants
n=10 Participants
2485 participants
n=115 Participants
21202 participants
n=6 Participants
49 participants
n=6 Participants
387 participants
n=64 Participants
4055 participants
n=17 Participants
39494 participants
n=21 Participants
25 participants
n=22 Participants
229 participants
n=8 Participants
998 participants
n=16 Participants
8539 participants
n=135 Participants
15 participants
n=136 Participants
71 participants
n=44 Participants
474 participants
n=667 Participants
4195 participants
n=7 Participants
275 participants
n=6 Participants
2434 participants
n=10 Participants
466531 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Phimosis
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
54 participants
n=22 Participants
31 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
85 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Prior estrogen
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
6803 participants
n=17 Participants
60840 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
67643 participants
n=14 Participants
Number of participants using indicated class of medications or having the indicated comorbidities
Upper gastro-intestinal disorder
0 participants
n=5 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
442 participants
n=5 Participants
2860 participants
n=4 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
0 participants
n=115 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=64 Participants
0 participants
n=17 Participants
0 participants
n=21 Participants
0 participants
n=22 Participants
0 participants
n=8 Participants
0 participants
n=16 Participants
0 participants
n=135 Participants
0 participants
n=136 Participants
0 participants
n=44 Participants
0 participants
n=667 Participants
0 participants
n=7 Participants
0 participants
n=6 Participants
0 participants
n=10 Participants
3302 participants
n=14 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incidence of all cancers. Gabapentin Exposure Description: Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date. With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=179138 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1710950 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
804 participants
6507 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
178334 participants
1704443 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
1729 participants
12470 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
177409 participants
1698480 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incidence of all cancers. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), Tertile 3 (8-298 prescriptions). Tertiles without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), and Tertile 3 (8-388 prescriptions).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=179138 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1710950 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
216 participants
1645 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
269 participants
2123 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
177409 participants
1698480 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
781 participants
5285 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
413 participants
3033 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
535 participants
4152 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
178334 participants
1704443 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
319 participants
2739 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incidence of all cancers. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.56 months), and Tertile 3 (5.57 - 105.82 months). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.72 months), and Tertile 3 (5.73 - 123.70 months).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=179138 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1710950 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
178334 participants
1704443 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
258 participants
2175 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
269 participants
2163 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
277 participants
2169 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
177409 participants
1698480 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
620 participants
4213 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
587 participants
4104 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
522 participants
4153 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incidence of all cancers. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=179138 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1710950 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
76 participants
549 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
178334 participants
1704443 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
157 participants
1217 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
64 participants
463 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
25 participants
197 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
177409 participants
1698480 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
301 participants
2499 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
159 participants
1207 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incidence of all cancers. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 9600.0 grams). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 11610.0 grams).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=179138 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1710950 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
178334 participants
1704443 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
269 participants
2222 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
268 participants
2118 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
267 participants
2167 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
177409 participants
1698480 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
640 participants
4438 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
585 participants
3882 participants
Number of All-Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
504 participants
4150 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident stomach cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident stomach cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1877 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=17853 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
5 participants
70 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
1872 participants
17783 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
13 participants
20 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
1864 participants
17733 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident stomach cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident stomach cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (1-2 prescriptions \[prescrip\]), T 2 (3-7 prescrip), T 3 (8-298 prescrip). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (1-2 prescrip), T 2 (3-7 prescrip), and T 3 (8-388 prescrip). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1877 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=17853 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
7 participants
19 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
3 participants
46 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
1872 participants
17783 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
29 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
3 participants
31 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
1864 participants
17733 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
3 participants
55 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
10 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident stomach cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident stomach cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.01-1.38 months \[mo.\]), T 2 (1.3-5.56 mo.), and T 3 (5.57-105.82 mo.). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.01-1.38 m.), T 2 (1.39-5.72 mo.), and T 3 (5.73-123.70 mo.). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1877 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=17853 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
1872 participants
17783 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
24 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
14 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
3 participants
32 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
1864 participants
17733 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
4 participants
44 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
4 participants
30 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
5 participants
46 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident stomach cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident stomach cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1877 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=17853 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
2 participants
19 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
1872 participants
17783 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
15 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
8 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
4 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
1864 participants
17733 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
3 participants
33 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
11 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident stomach cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident stomach cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.1-30.0 grams \[g\]), T 2 (30.1-189.0 g), and T 3 (189.1-9600.0 g). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.1-30.0 g), T 2 (30.1-189.0 g), and T 3 (189.1-11610.0 g). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1877 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=17853 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
3 participants
21 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
3 participants
46 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
1872 participants
17783 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
22 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
27 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
1864 participants
17733 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
6 participants
31 participants
Number of Stomach Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
4 participants
43 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident anal cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident Anal cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=212 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2067 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
4 participants
6 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
208 participants
2061 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
5 participants
15 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
207 participants
2052 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident anal cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident anal cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (1-2 prescriptions \[prescrip.\]), T 2 (3-7 prescrip.), T 3 (8-298 prescrip.). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (1-2 prescrip.), T 2 (3-7 prescrip.), and T 3 (8-388 prescrip.). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=212 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2067 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
208 participants
2061 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
1 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
2 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
3 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
207 participants
2052 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
3 participants
7 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
3 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
2 participants
5 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident anal cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident anal cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.01-1.38 months \[mo.\]), T 2 (1.39-5.56 mo.), and T 3 (5.57 -105.82 mo.). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.01-1.38 mo.), T 2 (1.39-5.72 mo.), and T 3 (5.73-123.70 mo.). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=212 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2067 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
207 participants
2052 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
3 participants
5 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
208 participants
2061 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
1 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
2 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
3 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
5 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
2 participants
5 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident anal cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident anal cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=212 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2067 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
208 participants
2061 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
207 participants
2052 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
2 participants
3 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident anal cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident anal cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.1-30.0 grams \[g\]), T 2 (30.1-189.0 g), and T 3 (189.1-9600.0 g). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.1-30.0 g), T 2 (30.1-189.0 g), and T 3 (189.1-11610.0 g). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=212 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2067 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
208 participants
2061 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
1 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
3 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
2 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
207 participants
2052 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
3 participants
7 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
3 participants
Number of Anal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
2 participants
5 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident lung cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident lung cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=10855 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=102836 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
10800 participants
102434 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
155 participants
783 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
10700 participants
102053 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
55 participants
402 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident lung cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident lung cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), Tertile 3 (8-298 prescriptions). Tertiles without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), and Tertile 3 (8-388 prescriptions).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=10855 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=102836 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
42 participants
270 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
13 participants
105 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
18 participants
137 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
10700 participants
102053 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
81 participants
327 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
10800 participants
102434 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
24 participants
160 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
32 participants
186 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident lung cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident lung cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.56 months), and Tertile 3 (5.57 - 105.82 months). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.72 months), and Tertile 3 (5.73 - 123.70 months).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=10855 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=102836 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
10800 participants
102434 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
21 participants
131 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
15 participants
130 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
19 participants
141 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
10700 participants
102053 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
67 participants
267 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
48 participants
247 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
40 participants
269 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident lung cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident lung cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=10855 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=102836 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
11 participants
77 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
10800 participants
102434 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
10 participants
75 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
4 participants
24 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
6 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
10700 participants
102053 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
21 participants
167 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
4 participants
33 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident lung cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident lung cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 9600.0 grams). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 11610.0 grams).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=10855 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=102836 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
10800 participants
102434 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
21 participants
139 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
16 participants
120 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
18 participants
143 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
10700 participants
102053 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
62 participants
288 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
56 participants
224 participants
Number of Lung Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
37 participants
271 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident bone/joint cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident bone/joint cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date. Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gabapentin-exposed cancer cases or no gabapentin-exposed controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=300 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2935 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
10 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
300 participants
2925 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
19 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
299 participants
2916 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident bone/joint cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident bone/joint cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (1-2 prescriptions \[prescrip.\]), T 2 (3-7 prescrip.), T 3 (8-298 prescrip.). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (1-2 prescrip.), T 2 (3-7 prescrip.), and T 3 (8-388 prescrip.). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=300 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2935 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
300 participants
2925 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
4 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
2 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
4 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
299 participants
2916 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
7 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
4 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
8 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident bone/joint cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident bone/joint cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.01-1.38 months \[mo.\]), T 2 (1.39-5.56 mo.), and T 3 (5.57-105.82 mo.). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.01-1.38 mo.), T 2 (1.39-5.72 mo.), and T 3 (5.73-123.70 mo.). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=300 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2935 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
5 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
5 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
9 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
300 participants
2925 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
4 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
5 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
299 participants
2916 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident bone/joint cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident bone/joint cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=300 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2935 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
300 participants
2925 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
3 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
299 participants
2916 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
5 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident bone/joint cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident bone/joint cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.1-30.0 grams \[g\]), T 2 (30.1-189.0 g), and T 3 (189.1-9600.0 g). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.1-30.0 g), T 2 (30.1-189.0 g), and T 3 (189.1-11610.0 g). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=300 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2935 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
300 participants
2925 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
4 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
6 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
299 participants
2916 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
8 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
3 participants
Number of Bone/Joint Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
8 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident breast cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident breast cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=19564 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=188924 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
96 participants
725 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
19468 participants
188199 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
174 participants
1392 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
19390 participants
187532 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident breast cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident breast cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), Tertile 3 (8-298 prescriptions). Tertiles without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), and Tertile 3 (8-388 prescriptions).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=19564 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=188924 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
19468 participants
188199 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
38 participants
306 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
24 participants
182 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
34 participants
237 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
19390 participants
187532 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
75 participants
577 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
32 participants
355 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
67 participants
460 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident breast cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident breast cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.56 months), and Tertile 3 (5.57 - 105.82 months). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.72 months), and Tertile 3 (5.73 - 123.70 months).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=19564 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=188924 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
19468 participants
188199 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
29 participants
245 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
32 participants
247 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
35 participants
233 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
19390 participants
187532 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
58 participants
465 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
52 participants
473 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
64 participants
454 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident breast cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident breast cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=19564 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=188924 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
19468 participants
188199 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
20 participants
131 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
9 participants
54 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
27 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
19390 participants
187532 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
46 participants
291 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
24 participants
133 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
10 participants
54 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident breast cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident breast cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 9600.0 grams). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 11610.0 grams).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=19564 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=188924 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
19468 participants
188199 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
31 participants
254 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
30 participants
225 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
35 participants
246 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
19390 participants
187532 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
66 participants
493 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
44 participants
423 participants
Number of Breast Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
64 participants
476 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident penile cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident penile cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=148 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1396 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
2 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
147 participants
1394 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
6 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
147 participants
1390 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident penile cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident penile cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (1-2 prescriptions \[prescrip.\]), T 2 (3-7 prescrip.), T 3 (8-298 prescrip.). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (1-2 prescrip.), T 2 (3-7 prescrip.), and T 3 (8-388 prescrip.). Inestimable OR/95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=148 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1396 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
147 participants
1394 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
147 participants
1390 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
3 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
2 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident penile cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident penile cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.01-1.38 months \[mo.\]), T 2 (1.39-5.56 mo.), and T 3 (5.57-105.82 mo.). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.01-1.38 mo.), T 2 (1.39-5.72 mo.), and T 3 (5.73-123.70 mo.). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=148 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1396 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
147 participants
1394 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
147 participants
1390 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
3 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
2 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident penile cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident penile cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=148 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1396 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
147 participants
1390 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
147 participants
1394 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident penile cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident penile cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.1-30.0 grams \[g\]), T 2 (30.1-189.0 g), and T 3 (189.1-9600.0 g). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.1-30.0 g), T 2 (30.1-189.0 g), and T 3 (189.1-11610.0 g). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=148 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1396 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
147 participants
1394 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
147 participants
1390 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
1 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
2 participants
Number of Penile Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
3 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident bladder cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident bladder cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=4600 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=43559 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
4567 participants
43260 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
15 participants
144 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
4585 participants
43415 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
33 participants
299 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident bladder cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident bladder cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), Tertile 3 (8-298 prescriptions). Tertiles without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), and Tertile 3 (8-388 prescriptions).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=4600 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=43559 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
4585 participants
43415 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
6 participants
68 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
3 participants
35 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
6 participants
41 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
4567 participants
43260 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
13 participants
138 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
10 participants
71 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
10 participants
90 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident bladder cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident bladder cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.56 months), and Tertile 3 (5.57 - 105.82 months). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.72 months), and Tertile 3 (5.73 - 123.70 months).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=4600 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=43559 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
4585 participants
43415 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
5 participants
51 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
4 participants
52 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
6 participants
41 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
4567 participants
43260 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
12 participants
112 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
11 participants
100 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
10 participants
87 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident bladder cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident bladder cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=4600 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=43559 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
2 participants
24 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
4585 participants
43415 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
21 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
7 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
3 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
4567 participants
43260 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
6 participants
52 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
10 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident bladder cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident bladder cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 9600.0 grams). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 11610.0 grams).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=4600 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=43559 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
4585 participants
43415 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
6 participants
52 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
4 participants
51 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
5 participants
41 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
4567 participants
43260 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
14 participants
112 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
10 participants
103 participants
Number of Bladder Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
9 participants
84 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident other nervous system cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his cohort entry was the same as case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident other nervous system cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date. Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gabapentin-exposed cancer cases or no gabapentin-exposed controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=38 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=380 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
38 participants
380 participants
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
2 participants
1 participants
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
36 participants
379 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident other nervous system cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his cohort entry was same as for case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident ONS cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (1-2 prescriptions \[prescrip.\]), T 2 (3-7 prescrip.), T 3 (8-298 prescrip.). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (1-2 prescrip.), T 2 (3-7 prescrip.), and T 3 (8-388 prescrip.). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=38 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=380 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
38 participants
380 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
36 participants
379 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
1 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
0 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident other nervous system cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was same as for case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident ONS cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.01-1.38 months \[mo.\]), T 2 (1.39-5.56 mo.), and T 3 (5.57-105.82 mo.). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.01-1.38 mo.), T 2 (1.39-5.72 mo.), and T 3 (5.73-123.70 mo.). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=38 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=380 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
38 participants
380 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
36 participants
379 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
1 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
0 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident other nervous system cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was same as for case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident other nervous system cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=38 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=380 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
38 participants
380 participants
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
36 participants
379 participants
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident other nervous system cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was same as for case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident ONS cancer. Gabapentin (Gaba.) Exposure Description: With 2 year (yr) lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to 2 yr prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 yr lag=Gaba. exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertiles (T) with 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.1-30.0 grams \[g\]), T 2 (30.1-189.0 g), and T 3 (189.1-9600.0 g). Tertiles without 2 yr lag: T 1 (0.1-30.0 g), T 2 (30.1-189.0 g), and T 3 (189.1-11610.0 g). Inestimable OR and 95% CI when no gaba.-exposed cancer cases or controls at the exposure level.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=38 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=380 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
38 participants
380 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
36 participants
379 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
0 participants
0 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
1 participants
Number of Other Nervous System (ONS) Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
0 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident pancreatic cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident pancreatic cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2155 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=20382 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
20 participants
86 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
2135 participants
20296 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
35 participants
160 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
2120 participants
20222 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident pancreatic cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident pancreatic cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), Tertile 3 (8-298 prescriptions). Tertiles without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), and Tertile 3 (8-388 prescriptions).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2155 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=20382 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
2135 participants
20296 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
12 participants
34 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
22 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
6 participants
30 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
2120 participants
20222 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
17 participants
62 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
4 participants
30 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
14 participants
68 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident pancreatic cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident pancreatic cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.56 months), and Tertile 3 (5.57 - 105.82 months). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.72 months), and Tertile 3 (5.73 - 123.70 months).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2155 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=20382 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
2135 participants
20296 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
11 participants
28 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
27 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
7 participants
31 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
2120 participants
20222 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
15 participants
53 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
5 participants
43 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
15 participants
64 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident pancreatic cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident pancreatic cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2155 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=20382 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
2135 participants
20296 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
5 participants
18 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
6 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
1 participants
2 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
2120 participants
20222 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
7 participants
46 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
2 participants
23 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
1 participants
6 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident pancreatic cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident pancreatic cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 9600.0 grams). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 11610.0 grams).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=2155 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=20382 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
2135 participants
20296 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
9 participants
33 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
6 participants
22 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
5 participants
31 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
2120 participants
20222 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
15 participants
56 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
8 participants
45 participants
Number of Pancreatic Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
12 participants
59 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident pancreatic cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident renal cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin prescription from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1272 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=12167 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (with 2 year lag)
9 participants
53 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
1263 participants
12114 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Ever (without 2 year lag)
15 participants
107 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
1257 participants
12060 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident renal cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident renal cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), Tertile 3 (8-298 prescriptions). Tertiles without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (1-2 prescriptions), Tertile 2 (3-7 prescriptions), and Tertile 3 (8-388 prescriptions).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1272 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=12167 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (with 2 year lag)
1263 participants
12114 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
4 participants
21 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
15 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
3 participants
17 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Never (without 2 year lag)
1257 participants
12060 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
6 participants
46 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
3 participants
29 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Number of Gabapentin Prescriptions
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
6 participants
32 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident renal cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident renal cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.56 months), and Tertile 3 (5.57 - 105.82 months). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.01 - 1.38 months), Tertile 2 (1.39 - 5.72 months), and Tertile 3 (5.73 - 123.70 months).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1272 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=12167 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
1263 participants
12114 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
3 participants
16 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
3 participants
22 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
3 participants
15 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
1257 participants
12060 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
5 participants
32 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
4 participants
44 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
6 participants
31 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident renal cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident renal cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1272 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=12167 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (without 2 year lag)
4 participants
7 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
1263 participants
12114 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
6 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 2 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
2 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (with 2 year lag)
0 participants
1 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
1257 participants
12060 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 1 year (without 2 year lag)
4 participants
16 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Long Duration of Exposure to Gabapentin
> 3 year (without 2 year lag)
2 participants
3 participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: The case index date was the date of incident renal cancer diagnosis ascertained in the GPRD study cohort 1995-2008. The matched control index date was the date at which the follow-up time from his/her cohort entry was the same as that for the case.

Population: Cases \& controls drawn from the GPRD study cohort. Entry into study cohort began January 1, 1993, or at time of GPRD registration if after Jan. 1, 1993. Follow-up ended December 31, 2008, or earlier if respective cancer was diagnosed or if participant left the GPRD for any reason including death. Participants with prior history of cancer excluded.

Incident renal cancer. Gabapentin Exposure Description: With 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to 2 years prior to index date (to control for prediagnostic prescribing for pain symptoms possibly related to cancer). Without 2 year lag = Gabapentin exposure from cohort entry to index date. Tertile's with 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 9600.0 grams). Tertile's without 2 year lag: Tertile 1 (0.1 - 30.0 grams), Tertile 2 (30.1 - 189.0 grams), and Tertile 3 (189.1 - 11610.0 grams).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Incident All-cancer Patients
n=1272 Participants
Patients with any type of incident cancer defined from READ/OXMIS codes in the years 1995-2008
Matched Controls for Incident All-cancer Patients
n=12167 Participants
Cancer-free control patients risk set matched with incident all-cancer patients for sex, age at cohort entry (within two years), calendar year of cohort entry (within one year), and General Practice site
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (with 2 year lag)
1263 participants
12114 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (with 2 year lag)
4 participants
15 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (with 2 year lag)
3 participants
19 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (with 2 year lag)
2 participants
19 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Never (without 2 year lag)
1257 participants
12060 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 1 (without 2 year lag)
5 participants
32 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 2 (without 2 year lag)
6 participants
40 participants
Number of Renal Cancer Cases and Matched Controls With the Indicated Cumulative Dose of Gabapentin
Tertile 3 (without 2 year lag)
4 participants
35 participants

Adverse Events

All-Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

All-Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Stomach Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Stomach Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Anal Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Anal Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Lung Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Lung Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Bone/Joint Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Bone/Joint Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Breast Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Breast Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Penile Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Penile Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Bladder Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Bladder Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Other Nervous System Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Other Nervous System Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Pancreatic Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Pancreatic Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Renal Cancer: Cases

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Renal Cancer: Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

GSK Response Center

GlaxoSmithKline

Phone: 866-435-7343

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee GSK agreements may vary with individual investigators, but will not prohibit any investigator from publishing. GSK supports the publication of results from all centers of a multi-center trial but requests that reports based on single-site data not precede the primary publication of the entire clinical trial.
  • Publication restrictions are in place

Restriction type: OTHER