Trial Outcomes & Findings for Clinical Study to Investigate the Effectiveness of the TOPAS System to Treat Fecal Incontinence (NCT NCT01090739)

NCT ID: NCT01090739

Last Updated: 2016-08-26

Results Overview

The primary endpoint for efficacy is the 14 day bowel diary documenting liquid or solid fecal incontinence episodes. A 50% reduction in the number of FI episodes is considered a treatment responder.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

207 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

12 Months

Results posted on

2016-08-26

Participant Flow

Subject recruitment occurred from July 2010 - December 2012.

Following enrollment (i.e., signing informed consent form), subjects underwent two screening visits to evaluate and confirm eligibility for the TOPAS implant procedures.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
TOPAS
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Enrollment
STARTED
207
Enrollment
COMPLETED
152
Enrollment
NOT COMPLETED
55
12 Month Follow-up
STARTED
152
12 Month Follow-up
COMPLETED
147
12 Month Follow-up
NOT COMPLETED
5
24 Month Follow-up
STARTED
147
24 Month Follow-up
COMPLETED
138
24 Month Follow-up
NOT COMPLETED
9
36 Month Follow-up
STARTED
138
36 Month Follow-up
COMPLETED
115
36 Month Follow-up
NOT COMPLETED
23

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
TOPAS
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Enrollment
Withdrawal by Subject
24
Enrollment
Protocol Violation
14
Enrollment
Lost to Follow-up
5
Enrollment
Physician Decision
5
Enrollment
Sponsor termination of site
4
Enrollment
Study implant limit reached
2
Enrollment
Adverse Event
1
12 Month Follow-up
Withdrawal by Subject
2
12 Month Follow-up
Lost to Follow-up
1
12 Month Follow-up
Physician Decision
1
12 Month Follow-up
Death
1
24 Month Follow-up
Withdrawal by Subject
7
24 Month Follow-up
Lost to Follow-up
1
24 Month Follow-up
Death
1
36 Month Follow-up
Withdrawal by Subject
6
36 Month Follow-up
Visit still pending
17

Baseline Characteristics

Clinical Study to Investigate the Effectiveness of the TOPAS System to Treat Fecal Incontinence

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Age, Continuous
59.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.7 • n=5 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Women
152 participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White/Caucasian
137 participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black or African American
10 participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian
1 participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Hispanic/Latina
3 participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other
1 participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
152 participants
n=5 Participants
Obstetric History - Gravidity
3.0 number
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 • n=5 Participants
Obstetric History - Parity
2.6 number
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=5 Participants
Obstetric History - # of Vaginal Deliveries
2.4 number
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 • n=5 Participants
Obstetric History - # of Caesarean deliveries
0.1 number
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5 • n=5 Participants
Menopausal Status
Pre-menopausal
20 participants
n=5 Participants
Menopausal Status
Peri-menopausal
6 participants
n=5 Participants
Menopausal Status
Post-menopausal
126 participants
n=5 Participants
Concomitant Use
# Smoked within past 6 months
8 participants
n=5 Participants
Concomitant Use
# Caffeine use on a regular basis
102 participants
n=5 Participants
Concomitant Use
# Rgular laxative use within past 5 years
18 participants
n=5 Participants
Duration of Fecal Incontinence
110.0 months
STANDARD_DEVIATION 113.5 • n=5 Participants
Etiology of Fecal Incontinence
Anorectal trauma
6 participants
n=5 Participants
Etiology of Fecal Incontinence
Obstetric trauma
87 participants
n=5 Participants
Etiology of Fecal Incontinence
Idiopathic/unknown
62 participants
n=5 Participants
Etiology of Fecal Incontinence
Other
4 participants
n=5 Participants
Rectal soft tissue scarring
Present
26 participants
n=5 Participants
Rectal soft tissue scarring
Absent
126 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Previous hysterectomy / oophorectomy
74 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Previous prolapse / UI repair
70 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Gastrointestional reflux disease
65 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Hypertension
60 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Depressive disorder
56 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Systemic pain
55 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Hyperlipidemia
53 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Pelvic area pain
52 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Diverticulitis
41 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Urinary incontinence
39 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Hypothroid
38 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Previous cholecystectomy
38 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Hemorrhoids
36 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Irritable bowel syndrome
31 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Previous anal sphincter repair
31 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Headaches
29 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Vaginal atrophy
23 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Diabetes
19 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Vaginal prolapse
8 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Rectal prolapse
6 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Medical History
Gallstones
2 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Fecal Incontinence Medication
Opioid-receptor agents
30 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Fecal Incontinence Medication
Bulking agents
22 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Fecal Incontinence Medication
Osmotic laxatives
8 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Fecal Incontinence Medication
Anti-cholinergic agents
6 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Fecal Incontinence Medication
Other meds
5 participants
n=5 Participants
Baseline Fecal Incontinence Medication
Bile acid sequestrants
3 participants
n=5 Participants
Failed Fecal Incontinence Conservative Therapy
Diet modification and medication
22 participants
n=5 Participants
Failed Fecal Incontinence Conservative Therapy
Diet modification and pelvic floor muscle training
49 participants
n=5 Participants
Failed Fecal Incontinence Conservative Therapy
Medication and pelvic floor muscle training
20 participants
n=5 Participants
Failed Fecal Incontinence Conservative Therapy
Diet, medication and pelvic floor training
61 participants
n=5 Participants
Hemorrhoids
Present
34 participants
n=5 Participants
Hemorrhoids
Absent
118 participants
n=5 Participants
Anal Resting Tone
Present
141 participants
n=5 Participants
Anal Resting Tone
Absent
11 participants
n=5 Participants
Anorectal Manometry - Pressures
Mean Maximum Resting Pressure
31.5 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 21.9 • n=5 Participants
Anorectal Manometry - Pressures
Mean Maximum Squeeze Pressure
60.1 mmHg
STANDARD_DEVIATION 42.6 • n=5 Participants
Anorectal Manometry - Volumes
First sensation volume
43.1 cc
STANDARD_DEVIATION 30.9 • n=5 Participants
Anorectal Manometry - Volumes
Maximum tolerated volume
124.8 cc
STANDARD_DEVIATION 61.9 • n=5 Participants
External Anal Sphincter Defects
Present
79 participants
n=5 Participants
External Anal Sphincter Defects
Absent
73 participants
n=5 Participants
Internal Anal Sphincter Defects
Present
42 participants
n=5 Participants
Internal Anal Sphincter Defects
Absent
110 participants
n=5 Participants
External Anal Sphincter Defect Extent
95.3 degrees
STANDARD_DEVIATION 45.0 • n=5 Participants
Internal Anal Sphincter Defect Extent
110.0 degrees
STANDARD_DEVIATION 53.7 • n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 Months

Population: All subjects implanted

The primary endpoint for efficacy is the 14 day bowel diary documenting liquid or solid fecal incontinence episodes. A 50% reduction in the number of FI episodes is considered a treatment responder.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Percentage of Responders
69.1 percentage of treatment responders
Interval 61.1 to 76.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All subjects implanted

Number of fecal incontinence episodes in a 14 day period

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Fecal Incontinence Episodes
Baseline
18 fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 4.0 to 81.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Episodes
3 Months
5 fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 94.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Episodes
6 Months
5 fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 67.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Episodes
12 Months
5 fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 80.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Episodes
24 Months
5 fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 73.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Episodes
36 Months
5 fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 52.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All subjects implanted

Number of fecal incontinence days in a 14 day period

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Fecal Incontinence Days
Baseline
10 fecal incontinent days/14 days
Interval 3.0 to 14.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Days
3 Months
4 fecal incontinent days/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 14.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Days
6 Months
4 fecal incontinent days/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 14.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Days
12 Months
4 fecal incontinent days/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 14.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Days
24 Months
4 fecal incontinent days/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 14.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Days
36 Months
4 fecal incontinent days/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 14.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All subjects implanted

Number of urge fecal incontinence episodes in a 14 day period

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Urge Fecal Incontinence Episodes
36 Months
0 urge fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 34.0
Change in Urge Fecal Incontinence Episodes
Baseline
4 urge fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 52.0
Change in Urge Fecal Incontinence Episodes
3 Months
0 urge fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 16.0
Change in Urge Fecal Incontinence Episodes
6 Months
0 urge fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 18.0
Change in Urge Fecal Incontinence Episodes
12 Months
0 urge fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 29.0
Change in Urge Fecal Incontinence Episodes
24 Months
0 urge fecal incontinent episodes/14 days
Interval 0.0 to 39.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All subjects implanted

Wexner Symptom Severity Score for fecal incontinence (also known as the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score) as described by Jorge and Wexner, 1993 (Jorge JM, Wexner SD. Etiology and management of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993 Jan;36(1):77-97). Measured on a 0-20 scale with lower scores equal to less fecal incontinence.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Wexner Symptom Severity Score
Baseline
13.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.7
Change in Wexner Symptom Severity Score
3 Months
9.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.3
Change in Wexner Symptom Severity Score
6 Months
9.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.4
Change in Wexner Symptom Severity Score
12 Months
9.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.9
Change in Wexner Symptom Severity Score
24 Months
9.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.2
Change in Wexner Symptom Severity Score
36 Months
9.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All subjects implanted

Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score as described by Rockwood et al., 2000 (Rockwood TH, Church JM, Fleshman JW, Kane RL, Mavrantonis C, Thorson AG, Wexner SD, Bliss D, Lowry AC. Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale: quality of life instrument for patients with fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000 Jan;43(1):9-16; discussion 16-7). Four domains of lifestyle, coping, depression, and embarrassment. Measured on a 0-4 scale with higher scores equal to better quality of life.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Lifestyle - Baseline
2.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.8
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Lifestyle - 3 Months
3.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Lifestyle - 6 Months
3.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Lifestyle - 12 Months
3.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Lifestyle - 24 Months
3.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Lifestyle - 36 Months
3.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Coping - Baseline
1.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Coping - 3 Months
2.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.8
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Coping - 6 Months
2.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Coping - 12 Months
2.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Coping - 24 Months
2.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Coping - 36 Months
2.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Depression - Baseline
2.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Depression - 3 Months
3.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Depression - 6 Months
3.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Depression - 12 Months
3.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Depression - 24 Months
3.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Depression - 36 Months
3.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Embarrassment - Baseline
1.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Embarrassment - 3 Months
2.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Embarrassment - 6 Months
2.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.0
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Embarrassment - 12 Months
2.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Embarrassment - 24 Months
2.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
Change in Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Score
Embarrassment - 36 Months
2.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All subjects implanted

Short-form version of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) as described by Barber et al., 2005 (Barber MD, Walters MD, Bump RC. Short forms of two condition-specific quality-of-life questionnaires for women with pelvic floor disorders (PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jul;193(1):103-13). The short-form version of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory has a total of 20 questions and 3 scales (Urinary Distress Inventory, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory, and Colorectal-Anal Distress Inventory). Total PFDI score measured on a 0-300 scale with higher scores equal to greater pelvic floor distress. As with the Total PFDI Score, higher subscale scores equal greater pelvic floor distress, on a 0-100 scale.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
POP Subscale - 24 Months
12.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.8
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
POP Subscale - 36 Months
13.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.9
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Total PFDI Score - Baseline
104.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 47.4
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Total PFDI Score - 3 Months
69.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 43.1
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Total PFDI Score - 6 Months
68.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 45.9
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Total PFDI Score - 12 Months
66.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 43.4
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Total PFDI Score - 24 Months
65.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 43.9
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Total PFDI Score - 36 Months
70.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 51.2
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - Baseline
54.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.2
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - 3 Months
33.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.7
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - 6 Months
33.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.8
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - 12 Months
32.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.2
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - 24 Months
31.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.7
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - 36 Months
33.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.0
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Urinary Subscale - Baseline
27.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.1
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Urinary Subscale - 3 Months
21.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.5
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Urinary Subscale - 6 Months
21.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.7
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Urinary Subscale - 12 Months
21.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.9
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Urinary Subscale - 24 Months
22.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.1
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
Urinary Subscale - 36 Months
22.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 23.0
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
POP Subscale - Baseline
21.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.5
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
POP Subscale - 3 Months
14.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.6
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
POP Subscale - 6 Months
14.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.9
Change in Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Scores
POP Subscale - 12 Months
12.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All subjects implanted

Short-form version of the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) as described by Barber et al., 2005 (Barber MD, Walters MD, Bump RC. Short forms of two condition-specific quality-of-life questionnaires for women with pelvic floor disorders (PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Jul;193(1):103-13). The short-form version of the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire has a total of 7 questions and 3 scales (Urinary Impact, Pelvic Organ Prolapse Impact, and Colorectal-Anal Impact). Total PFIQ score measured on a 0-300 scale with higher scores equal to greater pelvic floor impact. Subscales scored on 0-100 scale and the higher the score the greater pelvic floor impact, exactly like the Total PFIQ score.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Total PDFI Score - Baseline
79.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 52.3
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Total PDFI Score - 3 Months
41.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 43.5
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Total PDFI Score - 6 Months
39.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 48.4
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Total PDFI Score - 12 Months
37.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 43.5
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Total PDFI Score - 24 Months
35.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 45.5
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Total PDFI Score - 36 Months
38.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 48.5
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - Baseline
51.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.5
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - 3 Months
23.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.7
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - 6 Months
23.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.1
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - 12 Months
21.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.6
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - 24 Months
20.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.9
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Colorectal-Anal Subscale - 36 Months
20.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.1
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Urinary Subscale - Baseline
18.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 23.6
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Urinary Subscale - 3 Months
12.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.8
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Urinary Subscale - 6 Months
10.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.3
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Urinary Subscale - 12 Months
11.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.1
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Urinary Subscale - 24 Months
10.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.7
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
Urinary Subscale - 36 Months
11.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.6
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
POP Subscale - Baseline
9.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.5
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
POP Subscale - 3 Months
5.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.8
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
POP Subscale - 6 Months
5.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.3
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
POP Subscale - 12 Months
4.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.7
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
POP Subscale - 24 Months
4.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.9
Change in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7) Scores
POP Subscale - 36 Months
5.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All subjects implanted

Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12) as described by Rogers RG, Coates KW, Kammerer-Doak D, Khalsa S, Qualls C. A short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2003 Aug;14(3):164-8; discussion 168. Measured on a 0-48 scale with higher scores equal to better sexual function.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12)
Baseline
32.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.7
Change in Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12)
3 Months
35.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.1
Change in Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12)
6 Months
35.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.9
Change in Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12)
12 Months
34.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.1
Change in Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12)
24 Months
33.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.9
Change in Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12)
36 Months
35.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All subjects implanted at the time the NPPS was implemented in the study

Numeric Pelvic Pain Scale (NPPS) adapted from McCafferty M, Pasero C. Pain: Clinical Manual. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Inc.; 1999. Chapter 3, Assessment Tools; p. 58-75. The NPPS is scored on a 0-10 scale with higher scores indicating more severe pain. Since the NPPS was introduced later in the study, earlier implanted subjects did not have the baseline NPPS score and a change from baseline could not be calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=103 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Numeric Pelvic Pain Scale (NPPS)
Baseline
0.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.7
Change in Numeric Pelvic Pain Scale (NPPS)
Procedure
3.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.5
Change in Numeric Pelvic Pain Scale (NPPS)
Acute Follow-up
1.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.9
Change in Numeric Pelvic Pain Scale (NPPS)
3 Months
0.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.1
Change in Numeric Pelvic Pain Scale (NPPS)
6 Months
0.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.8
Change in Numeric Pelvic Pain Scale (NPPS)
12 Months
0.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.6

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All implanted subjects

The SSQ-8 is an 8 item questionnaire to assess subject surgical satisfaction as described by Murphy M, Sternschuss G, Haff R, van Raalte H, Saltz S, Lucente V. Quality of life and surgical satisfaction after vaginal reconstructive vs. obliterative surgery for the treatment of advanced pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 May;198(5):573.e1-7. The SSQ-8 was collected as an optional one-time assessment from implanted subjects between the 3 and 36 month visits. Scale is scored on 0-100 with higher scores are better

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=86 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in the Haff Surgical Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ-8)
79.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.1

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All implanted subjects

Change in health resource usage using sponsor-created questionnaire: # days in hospital due to FI

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Pads Per Day Subject Took for FI
# pads per day subject took for FI - Baseline
2.4 pads per day
Standard Deviation 2.1
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Pads Per Day Subject Took for FI
# per day subject took for FI - 12 Months
1.4 pads per day
Standard Deviation 1.8
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Pads Per Day Subject Took for FI
# pads per day subject took for FI - 24 Months
1.1 pads per day
Standard Deviation 1.5
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Pads Per Day Subject Took for FI
# pads per day subject took for FI - 36 Months
1.2 pads per day
Standard Deviation 1.6

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All implanted subjects

Change in health resource usage using sponsor-created questionnaire

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days in hospital due to FI - Baseline
0.1 days
Standard Deviation 0.6
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days in hospital due to FI - 12 Months
0.1 days
Standard Deviation 0.5
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days in hospital due to FI - 24 Months
0.0 days
Standard Deviation 0.1
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days in hospital due to FI - 36 Months
0.0 days
Standard Deviation 0.0
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days took off work due to FI - Baseline
6.4 days
Standard Deviation 34.0
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days took off work due to FI - 12 Months
1.3 days
Standard Deviation 9.9
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days took off work due to FI - 24 Months
4.5 days
Standard Deviation 35.4
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days took off work due to FI - 36 Months
0.9 days
Standard Deviation 9.5
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days others took off work - Baseline
0.2 days
Standard Deviation 1.3
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days others took off work - 12 Months
0.0 days
Standard Deviation 0.0
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days others took off work - 24 Months
0.0 days
Standard Deviation 0.3
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Days in Hospital, Took Off Work, or Others Took Off Work Due to FI
# days others took off work - 36 Months
0.0 days
Standard Deviation 0.0

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: 36 Month Follow-up Visit

Population: All implanted subjects

Change in health resource usage using sponsor-created questionnaire

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 Participants
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Physician Visits Due to FI
# physician visits due to FI - Baseline
5.0 physician visits
Standard Deviation 7.6
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Physician Visits Due to FI
# physician visits due to FI - 12 Months
0.4 physician visits
Standard Deviation 1.4
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Physician Visits Due to FI
# physician visits due to FI - 24 Months
0.5 physician visits
Standard Deviation 1.8
Change in Health Resource Usage: # Physician Visits Due to FI
# physician visits due to FI - 36 Months
0.3 physician visits
Standard Deviation 1.1

Adverse Events

TOPAS

Serious events: 8 serious events
Other events: 72 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 participants at risk
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Pain/discomfort - buttock
0.66%
1/152 • Number of events 1 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Worsening Pelvic Organ Prolapse
0.66%
1/152 • Number of events 1 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Reproductive system and breast disorders
De novo pelvic organ prolapse
0.66%
1/152 • Number of events 1 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Psychiatric disorders
Exacerbated post traumatic stress disorder
0.66%
1/152 • Number of events 1 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Vascular disorders
Deep vein thrombosis
0.66%
1/152 • Number of events 1 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Worsening chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
0.66%
1/152 • Number of events 1 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Reproductive system and breast disorders
De novo rectal prolapse
0.66%
1/152 • Number of events 1 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Infections and infestations
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection
0.66%
1/152 • Number of events 1 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
TOPAS
n=152 participants at risk
TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence: The TOPAS Treatment for Fecal Incontinence is implanted using a minimally invasive trans-obturator approach; two needle passers deliver the sling assembly. Two small posterior incisions facilitate the post-anal placement of the mesh.
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Pelvic area pain
28.3%
43/152 • Number of events 50 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Infections and infestations
Infection
14.5%
22/152 • Number of events 25 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Renal and urinary disorders
Urinary problems
5.3%
8/152 • Number of events 8 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Pelvic organ prolapse
5.9%
9/152 • Number of events 13 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Bleeding
0.66%
1/152 • Number of events 1 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Gastrointestinal disorders
Defecatory problems
2.6%
4/152 • Number of events 4 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Other
9.2%
14/152 • Number of events 14 • AEs collected for each subject from the time of enrollment (signing informed consent form) through duration of follow-up visits (up to 60 months). The mean follow-up period for all subjects was 40.2 months (509 subject years).
An independent Adverse Event Adjudication Committee (three physicians: Colorectal, Gastroenterology, Urogynecology) reviewed all AEs and death data and assigned or verified correct assignment of codes, event seriousness, relatedness to the study device and/or procedure. All AEs listed here are device- and/or procedure-related only.

Additional Information

Dee Fenner, MD, Study Coordinating Investigator

University of Michigan, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Phone: 734-647-5866

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee After the primary or the combined data article has been published, an Investigator may publish the study experience from his/her site. However, the Sponsor reserves the right to review the manuscript prior to submission in order to verify accuracy of the data. All publications will be reviewed by the sponsor in order to assure that no confidential information is disclosed. Such confidential information is not allowed for publishing.
  • Publication restrictions are in place

Restriction type: OTHER