Trial Outcomes & Findings for Coaching Veterans to Healthy Weights and Wellness (NCT NCT00967668)

NCT ID: NCT00967668

Last Updated: 2015-04-24

Results Overview

Expected weight change from baseline to 12 months in kilograms based on linear mixed-effects model using all available data

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

481 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

12 months after enrollment

Results posted on

2015-04-24

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
ASPIRE-Phone Lifestyle Coaching
Phone-based initial treatment of 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up phone support (phone-only ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates CBT elements, problem-solving therapy, and the small change approach from behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
ASPIRE-Group Lifestyle Coaching
On-site weekly group visits for 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up groups. (on-site ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates CBT elements, problem-solving therapy, and the small change approach from behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
MOVE! Usual Care
Usual care MOVE!, which consists of weekly on-site group visits that follow MOVE! protocols with unstructured follow-up phone support MOVE! Usual Care: The MOVE! program offers a stepped-care framework of increasingly intensive treatment. A combination of Level 1 (self-management support) and Level 2 (group sessions and/or individual specialty consultation) will be offered to participants as part of usual care.
Overall Study
STARTED
162
160
159
Overall Study
3-mo Assessment
131
127
115
Overall Study
Completed Year 1 - 12-mo Assessment
120
122
119
Overall Study
18-mo Assessment
95
102
92
Overall Study
COMPLETED
91
104
90
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
71
56
69

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
ASPIRE-Phone Lifestyle Coaching
Phone-based initial treatment of 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up phone support (phone-only ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates CBT elements, problem-solving therapy, and the small change approach from behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
ASPIRE-Group Lifestyle Coaching
On-site weekly group visits for 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up groups. (on-site ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates CBT elements, problem-solving therapy, and the small change approach from behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
MOVE! Usual Care
Usual care MOVE!, which consists of weekly on-site group visits that follow MOVE! protocols with unstructured follow-up phone support MOVE! Usual Care: The MOVE! program offers a stepped-care framework of increasingly intensive treatment. A combination of Level 1 (self-management support) and Level 2 (group sessions and/or individual specialty consultation) will be offered to participants as part of usual care.
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
13
8
8
Overall Study
Death
0
2
4
Overall Study
Removed due to behavior
1
1
2
Overall Study
Refused Year 2
11
6
4
Overall Study
Lost to follow-up at 12-mo
27
29
26
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
15
9
16
Overall Study
Refused 12-mo assessment
3
1
9
Overall Study
Pregnancy
1
0
0

Baseline Characteristics

Coaching Veterans to Healthy Weights and Wellness

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
ASPIRE-Phone Lifestyle Coaching
n=162 Participants
Phone-based initial treatment of 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up phone support (phone-only ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates elements from cognitive behavioral therapy, problem-solving therapy, and behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
ASPIRE-Group Lifestyle Coaching
n=160 Participants
On-site weekly group visits for 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up groups. (on-site ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates elements from cognitive behavioral therapy, problem-solving therapy, and behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
MOVE! Usual Care
n=159 Participants
Usual care MOVE!, which consists of weekly on-site group visits that follow MOVE! protocols with unstructured follow-up phone support MOVE! Usual Care: The MOVE! program offers a stepped-care framework of increasingly intensive treatment. A combination of Level 1 (self-management support) and Level 2 (group sessions and/or individual specialty consultation) will be offered to participants as part of usual care.
Total
n=481 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
55.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.0 • n=5 Participants
54.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.5 • n=7 Participants
54.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.5 • n=5 Participants
55.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.0 • n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
26 Participants
n=5 Participants
26 Participants
n=7 Participants
20 Participants
n=5 Participants
72 Participants
n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
136 Participants
n=5 Participants
134 Participants
n=7 Participants
139 Participants
n=5 Participants
409 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black
67 participants
n=5 Participants
65 participants
n=7 Participants
64 participants
n=5 Participants
196 participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
91 participants
n=5 Participants
94 participants
n=7 Participants
91 participants
n=5 Participants
276 participants
n=4 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other
4 participants
n=5 Participants
1 participants
n=7 Participants
4 participants
n=5 Participants
9 participants
n=4 Participants
Education, years
Less than 13
38 participants
n=5 Participants
34 participants
n=7 Participants
36 participants
n=5 Participants
108 participants
n=4 Participants
Education, years
13-15
81 participants
n=5 Participants
81 participants
n=7 Participants
92 participants
n=5 Participants
254 participants
n=4 Participants
Education, years
16 or more
40 participants
n=5 Participants
42 participants
n=7 Participants
26 participants
n=5 Participants
108 participants
n=4 Participants
Education, years
Missing
3 participants
n=5 Participants
3 participants
n=7 Participants
5 participants
n=5 Participants
11 participants
n=4 Participants
Income less than $20k
Income less than $20k
55 participants
n=5 Participants
70 participants
n=7 Participants
71 participants
n=5 Participants
196 participants
n=4 Participants
Income less than $20k
Income $20k or more
107 participants
n=5 Participants
90 participants
n=7 Participants
88 participants
n=5 Participants
285 participants
n=4 Participants
Health-related disability
Yes
74 participants
n=5 Participants
87 participants
n=7 Participants
88 participants
n=5 Participants
249 participants
n=4 Participants
Health-related disability
No
88 participants
n=5 Participants
73 participants
n=7 Participants
71 participants
n=5 Participants
232 participants
n=4 Participants
Charlson Index
1.0 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 • n=5 Participants
1.2 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 • n=7 Participants
1.2 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 • n=5 Participants
1.1 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.5 • n=4 Participants
Depression
Yes
35 participants
n=5 Participants
62 participants
n=7 Participants
59 participants
n=5 Participants
156 participants
n=4 Participants
Depression
No
127 participants
n=5 Participants
98 participants
n=7 Participants
100 participants
n=5 Participants
325 participants
n=4 Participants
Diabetes
Yes
53 participants
n=5 Participants
64 participants
n=7 Participants
60 participants
n=5 Participants
177 participants
n=4 Participants
Diabetes
No
109 participants
n=5 Participants
96 participants
n=7 Participants
99 participants
n=5 Participants
304 participants
n=4 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months after enrollment

Expected weight change from baseline to 12 months in kilograms based on linear mixed-effects model using all available data

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
ASPIRE-Phone Lifestyle Coaching
n=162 Participants
Phone-based initial treatment of 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up phone support (phone-only ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates CBT elements, problem-solving therapy, and the small change approach from behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
ASPIRE-Group Lifestyle Coaching
n=160 Participants
On-site weekly group visits for 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up groups. (on-site ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates CBT elements, problem-solving therapy, and the small change approach from behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
MOVE! Usual Care
n=159 Participants
Usual care MOVE!, which consists of weekly on-site group visits that follow MOVE! protocols with unstructured follow-up phone support MOVE! Usual Care: The MOVE! program offers a stepped-care framework of increasingly intensive treatment. A combination of Level 1 (self-management support) and Level 2 (group sessions and/or individual specialty consultation) will be offered to participants as part of usual care.
Change in Weight
-1.4 Kilograms
Interval -2.4 to -0.5
-2.8 Kilograms
Interval -3.8 to -1.9
-1.4 Kilograms
Interval -2.3 to -0.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 24 months after enrollment

Population: Includes only individuals who formally consented to participate in the second 12 months of the study.

Expected weight change from baseline to 24 months in kilograms based on linear mixed-effects model using all available data. Statistical analyses methods are the same as for the 12-month outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
ASPIRE-Phone Lifestyle Coaching
n=105 Participants
Phone-based initial treatment of 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up phone support (phone-only ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates CBT elements, problem-solving therapy, and the small change approach from behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
ASPIRE-Group Lifestyle Coaching
n=115 Participants
On-site weekly group visits for 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up groups. (on-site ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates CBT elements, problem-solving therapy, and the small change approach from behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
MOVE! Usual Care
n=112 Participants
Usual care MOVE!, which consists of weekly on-site group visits that follow MOVE! protocols with unstructured follow-up phone support MOVE! Usual Care: The MOVE! program offers a stepped-care framework of increasingly intensive treatment. A combination of Level 1 (self-management support) and Level 2 (group sessions and/or individual specialty consultation) will be offered to participants as part of usual care.
Change in Weight
-1.91 kilograms
Interval -3.15 to -0.66
-1.3 kilograms
Interval -2.47 to -0.12
-1.8 kilograms
Interval -3.05 to -0.55

Adverse Events

ASPIRE-Phone Lifestyle Coaching

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 45 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

ASPIRE-Group Lifestyle Coaching

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 33 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

MOVE! Usual Care

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 15 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
ASPIRE-Phone Lifestyle Coaching
n=162 participants at risk
Phone-based initial treatment of 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up phone support (phone-only ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates CBT elements, problem-solving therapy, and the small change approach from behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
ASPIRE-Group Lifestyle Coaching
n=160 participants at risk
On-site weekly group visits for 3 months, followed by 21 months of follow-up groups. (on-site ASPIRE-VA) Small change approach to improving physical activity and diet: The "Aspire to Lifelong Health" (ASPIRE) program is an innovative approach to weight management drawing on the strengths of both traditional lifestyle change and non-dieting weight loss approaches. ASPIRE incorporates CBT elements, problem-solving therapy, and the small change approach from behavioral choice therapy. For the first week participants use a food diary to track food intake and a pedometer to log their physical activity (step counts). Using this baseline information as a starting point, in each subsequent week participants work with a Lifestyle Coach to set small, but potentially permanent, changes in food choices and physical activity that will promote a caloric deficit. These small changes are cumulative and the participant makes their own goals within the context of their own lifestyle.
MOVE! Usual Care
n=159 participants at risk
Usual care MOVE!, which consists of weekly on-site group visits that follow MOVE! protocols with unstructured follow-up phone support MOVE! Usual Care: The MOVE! program offers a stepped-care framework of increasingly intensive treatment. A combination of Level 1 (self-management support) and Level 2 (group sessions and/or individual specialty consultation) will be offered to participants as part of usual care.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
sore muscles and joints
25.3%
41/162 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
15.0%
24/160 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
6.3%
10/159 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
Gastrointestinal disorders
stomach problems
1.2%
2/162 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
0.00%
0/160 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
0.00%
0/159 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
General disorders
multiple systems or other
1.9%
3/162 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
3.8%
6/160 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
0.63%
1/159 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
minor injuries while exercising
1.9%
3/162 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
3.1%
5/160 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
0.00%
0/159 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
sinus, breathing
0.62%
1/162 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
0.62%
1/160 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
1.3%
2/159 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
rashes
1.2%
2/162 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
3.1%
5/160 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
0.63%
1/159 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
Cardiac disorders
low pulse, chest pain
0.00%
0/162 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
0.62%
1/160 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
0.63%
1/159 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
Endocrine disorders
blood sugar
0.00%
0/162 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
2.5%
4/160 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.
0.00%
0/159 • Adverse events are reported for the full 2-years of participation of each individual.
For every category, events are based on what patients self-reported to a study team member. ASPIRE participants had more opportunities to report events because of interactions with their coach in addition to assessments. MOVE! participants only reported at assessments.

Additional Information

Laura Damschroder

VA Center for Clinical Management Research

Phone: 734-845-3603

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place