Randomized Conversion of Calcineurin-Inhibitors in Renal Allograft Recipients

NCT ID: NCT00866879

Last Updated: 2019-06-28

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

275 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2007-06-30

Study Completion Date

2019-03-31

Brief Summary

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This study is being done to investigate the impact of changing immunosuppressive medications from tacrolimus (Prograf®) to sirolimus (Rapamune®) between 6 and 24 months post transplant. The primary purpose of this research study is to evaluate whether the use of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)/Cellcept® and tacrolimus(TAC)/Prograf® (Group 1) or mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)/Cellcept® and sirolimus/Rapamune® (Group 2) impacts the incidence of acute cellular rejection in post kidney transplant patients. This study will examine whether switching from tacrolimus to sirolimus will better preserve long-term kidney function.

Detailed Description

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For this research study, between 6 and 24 Months post-transplant, we plan to prospectively randomize 2:1 renal transplant patients to either:

* Substitute tacrolimus (TAC) with sirolimus and continue mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or
* Continue with tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)

A total of 400 patients are expected to be screened for the randomization. We expect to randomize 275 renal transplant patients into this protocol (275 donors to be recruited).

The following data will be collected at the time of randomization:

Recipient demographics: (i) age at transplantation, (ii) sex, and (iii) race.

Clinical history: (i) causes of end-stage renal disease, and (ii) past medical history.

Transplant related information: (i) donor age, (ii) cadaveric versus living kidney transplant, (iii) histocompatibility and cross match data, (iv) viral serology, (v) history of acute rejection and delayed graft function, (vi) use of induction therapy and immunosuppressants, (vii) use of ACEI and/or ARB, and (viii) level of renal allograft function-estimated GFR (e-GFR(12) using MDRD formula, proteinuria.

Peripheral blood leukocytes will be obtained from renal transplant recipients for baseline (prior to randomization) lymphocytes functional activity and characterization of lymphocytes subpopulations by flow cytometry analysis.

Peripheral donor leukocytes (from living donor patients) will also be obtained at the time of randomization. These donor leukocytes will be used as stimulator cells to study the functional activity of the recipient's lymphocytes function.

The recipients assigned to continue with tacrolimus and MMF will be routinely followed at the outpatient Comprehensive Transplant Center (CTC) with monthly labs. In addition to labs at baseline pre-randomization, 6, 12 and 24 Months post-randomization, peripheral blood leukocytes will be obtained to study lymphocytes functional activity and to characterize lymphocytes subpopulations by flow cytometry analysis.

Post randomization: The recipients assigned to switch from tacrolimus to sirolimus and continue with MMF will be routinely followed at the CTC with monthly labs. During the period of conversion from tacrolimus to sirolimus, weekly labs will be obtained to monitor renal function and bone marrow function. In addition to labs at baseline pre-randomization, 6, 12 and 24 Months post-randomization, peripheral blood leukocytes will be obtained to study lymphocytes functional activity to characterize lymphocytes subpopulations by flow cytometry analysis. Urine will be collected to assess tubular toxicity by evaluating urinary biomarkers.

Both groups of patients will be followed for 2 years post-randomization. In addition to monitoring renal allograft function, we will evaluate the incidence of acute rejection, patient and graft survival, impact of CI conversion on the lipid profile, incidence of hypertension, malignancies, opportunistic infections, and post-transplant diabetes mellitus (DM). For those willing to undergo an optional kidney biopsy, one will be performed at the end of the second year in order to evaluate renal allograft pathology and renal allograft tissue gene expression profiles of the two groups.

With the peripheral leukocytes obtained at baseline prior to randomization and at 6, 12 and 24 Months post-randomization, we will investigate possible modifications of lymphocytes function and the lymphocytes subpopulations that might have occurred as a consequence of the switch from tacrolimus to sirolimus.

Obtaining renal allograft tissue samples at 24 months post randomization can have potential important ramifications to help explain the mechanisms of fibrosis and tubular atrophy typically associated with CI and the role of CI elimination with the substitution of sirolimus (SRL). All data will then be analyzed comparing gene expression profiles of peripheral blood (Pax gene tubes are routinely collected at the different time points as part of the original study). Based on power analysis, we will perform 24 months post randomization biopsies in 70% of the total subjects enrolled in the study (approximately 46 subjects from the tacrolimus/MMF group and approximately 93 subjects from the sirolimus/MMF group).

We plan to obtain renal allograft biopsies at 24 Months for those that consent for this additional biopsy. This will be compared to the standard of care 12 months post-transplant biopsy to allow us to address the effect of immunosuppressive modifications on renal allograft pathology at 24 months post randomization. Renal allograft biopsies will also be stored in RNA later to further extend our knowledge on the effect of CI free immunosuppression on gene expression profiles.

Conditions

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Renal Transplant Rejection

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Control

Group 1 will continue immunosuppression medication per standard of care (SOC) at Northwestern by taking mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Demographic Data, Medical History, and Donor Data

Intervention Type OTHER

Age at transplant, sex, race, cause of end-stage renal disease, medical history, donor age, cadaveric vs. living kidney transplant, histocompatibility/cross match data, viral serology, history of acute rejection and delayed graft function, use of induction therapy and immunosuppressants, use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) and/or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) level of renal allograft function-estimated GFR (e-GFR(12) using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula, proteinuria.

Blood Draws for Control Group

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Subjects maintaining standard of care drug treatment of TAC and MMF will have monthly labs in addition to the baseline pre-randomization labs, at 6, 12, and 24 Months post-randomization. Peripheral blood leukocytes will be obtained.

Kidney Biopsy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Kidney biopsy at 24 Months to compare to the standard of care biopsy taken at 12 Months. This information will help evaluate renal allograft pathology and renal allograft tissue gene expression profiles of the two groups. Renal allograft biopsies will be stored in RNA later (preservative) to further extend knowledge on the effect of calcineurin-inhibitors (CI) free immunosuppression on gene expression profiles.

Transition to Sirolimus Group

Group 2 will switch immunosuppression medication to taking mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Sirolimus

Intervention Type DRUG

Sirolimus will initially be given at a dose of 2-4 mg orally (PO) daily. The dose will be modified to achieve 24 hours trough concentrations of 6-10 ng/ml by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. This medication will be given in an open label fashion. The first dose of sirolimus will be given at the time of randomization to those patients assigned to have tacrolimus switched to sirolimus.

Demographic Data, Medical History, and Donor Data

Intervention Type OTHER

Age at transplant, sex, race, cause of end-stage renal disease, medical history, donor age, cadaveric vs. living kidney transplant, histocompatibility/cross match data, viral serology, history of acute rejection and delayed graft function, use of induction therapy and immunosuppressants, use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) and/or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) level of renal allograft function-estimated GFR (e-GFR(12) using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula, proteinuria.

Blood Draws for Experimental Group

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

This group will have monthly labs taken but will also have weekly labs during the period of conversion to monitor renal function and bone marrow function. In addition to the baseline pre-randomization labs, and labs collected at 6, 12, and 24 Months post-randomization, peripheral blood leukocytes will be obtained.

Kidney Biopsy

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Kidney biopsy at 24 Months to compare to the standard of care biopsy taken at 12 Months. This information will help evaluate renal allograft pathology and renal allograft tissue gene expression profiles of the two groups. Renal allograft biopsies will be stored in RNA later (preservative) to further extend knowledge on the effect of calcineurin-inhibitors (CI) free immunosuppression on gene expression profiles.

Donors

Data and blood samples from the donors are collected in this study to contribute to the general knowledge to be used in assessing the two donor recipient groups, which are the target of this study.

Group Type OTHER

Donor Blood Draws

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Peripheral blood leukocytes from living donors obtained at the time of randomization. These donor leukocytes will be used as stimulator cells to study the functional activity of the recipient's lymphocytes function.

Donor Information

Intervention Type OTHER

Donor age, cadaveric vs. living donor, and histocompatibility and cross match to recipient

Interventions

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Sirolimus

Sirolimus will initially be given at a dose of 2-4 mg orally (PO) daily. The dose will be modified to achieve 24 hours trough concentrations of 6-10 ng/ml by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. This medication will be given in an open label fashion. The first dose of sirolimus will be given at the time of randomization to those patients assigned to have tacrolimus switched to sirolimus.

Intervention Type DRUG

Demographic Data, Medical History, and Donor Data

Age at transplant, sex, race, cause of end-stage renal disease, medical history, donor age, cadaveric vs. living kidney transplant, histocompatibility/cross match data, viral serology, history of acute rejection and delayed graft function, use of induction therapy and immunosuppressants, use of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) and/or Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) level of renal allograft function-estimated GFR (e-GFR(12) using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula, proteinuria.

Intervention Type OTHER

Blood Draws for Control Group

Subjects maintaining standard of care drug treatment of TAC and MMF will have monthly labs in addition to the baseline pre-randomization labs, at 6, 12, and 24 Months post-randomization. Peripheral blood leukocytes will be obtained.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Blood Draws for Experimental Group

This group will have monthly labs taken but will also have weekly labs during the period of conversion to monitor renal function and bone marrow function. In addition to the baseline pre-randomization labs, and labs collected at 6, 12, and 24 Months post-randomization, peripheral blood leukocytes will be obtained.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Donor Blood Draws

Peripheral blood leukocytes from living donors obtained at the time of randomization. These donor leukocytes will be used as stimulator cells to study the functional activity of the recipient's lymphocytes function.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Donor Information

Donor age, cadaveric vs. living donor, and histocompatibility and cross match to recipient

Intervention Type OTHER

Kidney Biopsy

Kidney biopsy at 24 Months to compare to the standard of care biopsy taken at 12 Months. This information will help evaluate renal allograft pathology and renal allograft tissue gene expression profiles of the two groups. Renal allograft biopsies will be stored in RNA later (preservative) to further extend knowledge on the effect of calcineurin-inhibitors (CI) free immunosuppression on gene expression profiles.

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Other Intervention Names

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Rapamune

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. Subjects should be adults ≥ 18- ≤ 70 years of age
2. Subjects can be either gender or of any ethnic background
3. Subjects should be single organ recipients (kidney only)
4. Subjects must be able to understand the protocol and provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Subjects with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to primary focal segmental glomerulonephritis (FSGS).
2. Inability to comply with study procedures
3. Inability to sign the informed consent
4. Subjects with a significant or active infection
5. Subjects who are pregnant or nursing females
6. Subjects with a history of severe hyperlipidemia not controlled with statins, patients with at total cholesterol of \> 400 mg/dl
7. Subjects with a platelet count \<100,000mm3 white blood cell (WBC)\< 2,000mm3
8. Subjects with severe proteinuria at the time of randomization (\>2gm/day)
9. Subjects with more then 2 episodes of acute cellular rejection post transplantation will be excluded from this study
10. An estimated GFR\<40 cc/min
11. A history of malignancy during the post-transplant period (other than treated basal cell cancer and/or squamous cell cancer)
12. Subjects, who, due to the existence of a surgical, medical or psychiatric condition, other than the current transplant, which in the opinion of the investigator, precludes enrollment into this trial
13. A history of albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) during the most recent previous 3 months prior to randomization
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

70 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Northwestern University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Lorenzo Gallon

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Lorenzo Gallon, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Northwestern Univesity, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern Medical Faculty Foundation

Locations

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Northwestern Memorial Hospital

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Ojo AO, Held PJ, Port FK, Wolfe RA, Leichtman AB, Young EW, Arndorfer J, Christensen L, Merion RM. Chronic renal failure after transplantation of a nonrenal organ. N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 4;349(10):931-40. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa021744.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12954741 (View on PubMed)

Stoves J, Lindley EJ, Barnfield MC, Burniston MT, Newstead CG. MDRD equation estimates of glomerular filtration rate in potential living kidney donors and renal transplant recipients with impaired graft function. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Nov;17(11):2036-7. doi: 10.1093/ndt/17.11.2036. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12401874 (View on PubMed)

Gonwa TA, Mai ML, Melton LB, Hays SR, Goldstein RM, Levy MF, Klintmalm GB. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment. Transplantation. 2001 Dec 27;72(12):1934-9. doi: 10.1097/00007890-200112270-00012.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11773892 (View on PubMed)

Fisher NC, Nightingale PG, Gunson BK, Lipkin GW, Neuberger JM. Chronic renal failure following liver transplantation: a retrospective analysis. Transplantation. 1998 Jul 15;66(1):59-66. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199807150-00010.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9679823 (View on PubMed)

Hornberger J, Best J, Geppert J, McClellan M. Risks and costs of end-stage renal disease after heart transplantation. Transplantation. 1998 Dec 27;66(12):1763-70. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199812270-00034.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9884274 (View on PubMed)

Goldstein DJ, Zuech N, Sehgal V, Weinberg AD, Drusin R, Cohen D. Cyclosporine-associated end-stage nephropathy after cardiac transplantation: incidence and progression. Transplantation. 1997 Mar 15;63(5):664-8. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199703150-00009.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 9075835 (View on PubMed)

Myers BD, Ross J, Newton L, Luetscher J, Perlroth M. Cyclosporine-associated chronic nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 1984 Sep 13;311(11):699-705. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198409133111103.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 6382005 (View on PubMed)

Bennett WM, DeMattos A, Meyer MM, Andoh T, Barry JM. Chronic cyclosporine nephropathy: the Achilles' heel of immunosuppressive therapy. Kidney Int. 1996 Oct;50(4):1089-100. doi: 10.1038/ki.1996.415. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8887265 (View on PubMed)

Bennett WM. Insights into chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996 Nov;34(11):515-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 8937936 (View on PubMed)

Myers BD. Cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Kidney Int. 1986 Dec;30(6):964-74. doi: 10.1038/ki.1986.280. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 3546916 (View on PubMed)

Puschett JB, Greenberg A, Holley J, McCauley J. The spectrum of ciclosporin nephrotoxicity. Am J Nephrol. 1990;10(4):296-309. doi: 10.1159/000168123. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 2240057 (View on PubMed)

Young EW, Ellis CN, Messana JM, Johnson KJ, Leichtman AB, Mihatsch MJ, Hamilton TA, Groisser DS, Fradin MS, Voorhees JJ. A prospective study of renal structure and function in psoriasis patients treated with cyclosporin. Kidney Int. 1994 Oct;46(4):1216-22. doi: 10.1038/ki.1994.387.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7861719 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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0468H1-4472

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

STU8308 0773-017

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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