Idiopathic Reactive Hypoglycaemia and Treatment With Fructo-Oligosaccharide

NCT ID: NCT00802971

Last Updated: 2009-11-17

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 12 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2008-12-31
• Study Completion Date: 2009-06-30

Brief Summary

Idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia (IRH) describes a condition where recurrent episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia occurs one to four hours after a meal, usually following meals rich in carbohydrates. Differential diagnoses to be excluded include those caused by isulinomas or bariatric surgery (dumping syndrome), or iatrogenic induced hypoglycaemia.

The prevalence of IRH is not fully known. A British trial among 1136 random chosen women aged 17-50, reported that 37.9% experienced symptomatic hypoglycemia four times every month (mean value). However, not all reported symptoms attributed to a low blood glucose (BG) correlates with measured low levels of BG and a "true" hypoglycaemic episode, i.e., as defined by American Diabetes Association (ADA) when plasma BG value is < 3,9 mmol/l with or without accompanying symptoms. This was underscored in three studies from England, Canada and Denmark, in whom all reported hypoglycaemic symptoms, but in whom accompanying plasma glucose values < 3,3 mmol/l during hypoglycaemic symptoms only occurred in 23, 47 and 0% of the study subjects, respectively. The majority of those with symptoms related to IRH hence are having these symptoms without being classified as hypoglycemic according to conventional interpretations. However, a new (2005) ADA definition; relative hypoglycemia, also comprise these symptomatic cases of hypoglycemia following a plasma glucose > 3,9 mmol/l.

Hormonal and cerebral mechanisms tightly control the complex interplay of mechanisms involved in regulating BG concentration. Explanations for IRH are centralized around increased insulin secretion/sensitivity and/or down regulated transcription of glucagon receptor or reduced glucagons sensitivity- and secretion. Others assess an overabundance of adrenaline and cortisol, witch is excreted at the nadir of the BS curve (venous plasma glucose between 3.6 and 3.9). The latter event, during which typical symptoms is characterized of anxiety, fatigue, irritability, palpitations, nervousness, tachycardia, tremor and sweat.

Today, treatment is limited to dietary recommendations of eating frequent meals of moderate size, reasonably high in protein, and with a low glycaemic load. These advices keep cerebral glucose concentration stable and prohibit neuroglycopenic symptoms like hunger, dizziness, tingling, blurred vision, difficulty in thinking, and faintness. Pharmacologic attempts in treating IRH involves diazoxide, metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitor, glitazones and somatostatin, however, none of these medications are specifically indicated for the condition.

Fiber is a class of carbohydrate resistant to hydrolytic digestion in the upper bowel but fermented in the colon by bacterially produced enzymes. It makes the rate of ventricular emptying increase and prolongs the bowel transit time; thus having a minimal impact on BG values. Inulin and oligofructose are composed of polymers of oligofructose having characteristic features different from other fibers because of their physiological and biochemical attributes. Found in a variety of edible fruit and vegetables, their fermentation produces short-chain fatty acids that acidify the colonic content. This stimulates selectively the growth of beneficial and potentially health-promoting bifidobacteria and reduces potential harmful colon bacteria. Acting as prebiotica, oligofructose induces changes in the colonic epithelium and in miscellaneous colonic functions, inter alia, enhances calcium and magnesium absorption, modulates endocrine as well as immune functions and affects the metabolism of lipids positively. The latter, being at a systemic level, may contribute to modulating lipogenesis and reducing triglyceridemia by partially impairing hepatic cholesterol synthesis.

FOS has not yet been investigated thoroughly as a possible stabilizer of blood glucose. However, several non-oligofructose studies, using a high-fiber diet, indicates reduced pre-prandial BG values, less hypoglycemic cases, glukosuri, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol and area under the curve (AUC) in a 24 hours measurement (every 2 hour) of BG and insulin concentration.

Clinical evaluation of safety of inulin and oligofruktose as dietary fiber has reported 20 g/day of oligofructose to be well tolerated. The various GI side effects identified include abdominal pain and bloating, flatulence and osmotic diarrhea.

Despite the fact that fiber intake is proven inversely related to hypoglycemic events, possible benefits of daily FOS-supplementation have not yet been investigated systematically in persons suffering of IRH. Given the estimated high prevalence of IRH it is in our aim to:

1. Study the prevalence and characteristics of subjects with IRH in a relevant Norwegian study population of 414 study participants.

2. Evaluating the effect of FOS supplementation on blood glucose variability.

Detailed Description

See above

Conditions

Hypoglycemia

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

1: FOS

Oligofructose (FOS, BioCare Ltd, Birmingham, England) powder will be distributed in sachets of 10 g. Two sachets are to be included in daily nutrition, preferentially 10 g diluted in water at breakfast and before supper.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

FOS

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Oligofructose (FOS, BioCare Ltd, Birmingham, England) powder will be distributed in sachets of 10 g. Two sachets are to be included in daily nutrition, preferentially 10 g diluted in water at breakfast and before supper.

2: Control

Group Type: NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

FOS

Oligofructose (FOS, BioCare Ltd, Birmingham, England) powder will be distributed in sachets of 10 g. Two sachets are to be included in daily nutrition, preferentially 10 g diluted in water at breakfast and before supper.

Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Ideopathic reactive hypoglycaemia defined as 1h or 2h glucose valued during OGTT < 3.9 mmol/l or 1h or 2h glucose values during OGTT < fasting glucose

Exclusion Criteria

• Diabetes mellitus, impaired glucose tolerance, other reason for reactive hypoglycaemia than ideopacy

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Asker & Baerum Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Odd Erik Johansen

Principal Investigators

Odd Erik Johansen, MD, PhD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Asker and Baerum Hospital

Other Identifiers

IRH - FOS

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id