Fear of Childbirth (Tokophobia) - Etiology, Essence and Clinical Implications

NCT ID: NCT00801970

Last Updated: 2008-12-04

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

150 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2008-01-31

Study Completion Date

2011-01-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is twofold:

* to understand the etiology and the essence of fear of childbirth
* to examine the implications and efficiency of several forms of psychological therapy.

Detailed Description

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Fear of childbirth (Tokophobia) is inconsistently defined in the research literature: some define it as an anxiety disorder while it is often defined as a form of phobia; some regard only the pre-pregnancy period, some regard the anxiety during pregnancy and some focus on the labor process. Despite the high prevalence (between 13%-20% of fertile women), research in this area is scarce and the current findings are incohesive due to various conceptualizations of the phenomenon and to various measurement methods.

Conditions

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Phobias

Keywords

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Fear of childbirth Tokophobia Anxiety Labor Pregnancy Cognitive-behavioral Psychoanalysis Group Therapy etiology

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

FACTORIAL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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1 - Pregnant - Tokophobic

Psychoanalysis treatment.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Psychological Treatment

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

15 weekly therapy sessions.

2 - Pregnant - Tokophobic

Cognitive-Behavioral treatment.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Psychological Treatment

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

15 weekly therapy sessions.

3 - Non-pregnant - Tokophobic

Group Therapy

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Group Therapy

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

3 months of weekly group therapy sessions.

4 - Control

Pregnant and non-pregnant non-tokophobic women will answer questionnaires. Won't receive therapy.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Psychological Treatment

15 weekly therapy sessions.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Group Therapy

3 months of weekly group therapy sessions.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Other Intervention Names

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Psychotherapy Psychodynamic therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy CBT Psychotherapy Group Psychotherapy

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* subjective diagnosis of tokophobia

Exclusion Criteria

* currently undergoing psychological therapy
* Major Depression
* Acute Anxiety
* Psychosis
* Bipolar Disorder
* Suicidal
* Substance abuse
* Non-compliant personality disorder
* Health problems during pregnancy that affect perception
Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center

Principal Investigators

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Miki Bloch, M.D

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center

Locations

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Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic - Sourasky Medical Center

Tel Aviv, , Israel

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Israel

Central Contacts

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Shulamit Ben-Itzhak, PhD

Role: CONTACT

Phone: 972-3-697-4567

Email: [email protected]

References

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Areskog B, Uddenberg N, Kjessler B. Fear of childbirth in late pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1981;12(5):262-6. doi: 10.1159/000299611.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 7262639 (View on PubMed)

Eriksson C, Jansson L, Hamberg K. Women's experiences of intense fear related to childbirth investigated in a Swedish qualitative study. Midwifery. 2006 Sep;22(3):240-8. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2005.10.002. Epub 2006 Apr 17.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16603282 (View on PubMed)

Hofberg K, Brockington I. Tokophobia: an unreasoning dread of childbirth. A series of 26 cases. Br J Psychiatry. 2000 Jan;176:83-5. doi: 10.1192/bjp.176.1.83.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 10789333 (View on PubMed)

Hofberg K, Ward MR. Fear of childbirth, tocophobia, and mental health in mothers: the obstetric-psychiatric interface. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Sep;47(3):527-34. doi: 10.1097/01.grf.0000132527.62504.ca. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15326415 (View on PubMed)

Alehagen S, Wijma K, Wijma B. Fear during labor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001 Apr;80(4):315-20. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2001.080004315.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 11264605 (View on PubMed)

Eriksson C, Westman G, Hamberg K. Experiential factors associated with childbirth-related fear in Swedish women and men: a population based study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2005 Mar;26(1):63-72. doi: 10.1080/01674820400023275.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15962723 (View on PubMed)

Johnson R, Slade P. Does fear of childbirth during pregnancy predict emergency caesarean section? BJOG. 2002 Nov;109(11):1213-21. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-0528.2002.01351.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12452457 (View on PubMed)

Olde E, van der Hart O, Kleber R, van Son M. Posttraumatic stress following childbirth: a review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006 Jan;26(1):1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.002. Epub 2005 Sep 19.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16176853 (View on PubMed)

Saisto T, Halmesmaki E. Fear of childbirth: a neglected dilemma. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003 Mar;82(3):201-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12694113 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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TASMC-08-MB-0064-CTIL

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id