Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Effects of Gum Chewing on Math Scores in Adolescents (NCT NCT00792116)

NCT ID: NCT00792116

Last Updated: 2008-11-20

Results Overview

The TAKS test is a statewide standardized test administered to all Texas schoolchildren (15). The TAKS assesses reading, math, science, and social studies for 8th grade students; however, the current study analyzed only math scores.

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 108 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: the beginning of a school semester
• Results posted on: 2008-11-20

Participant Flow

Researchers and school personnel contacted the parents of all students (n=115) enrolled in an eighth grade math class during the Spring 2008 semester at a charter school in Houston, TX to participate in the current study. A total of 108 (94%) parents provided consent for their children to participate in the study.

Participant milestones

Measure	Gum Chewing	Non-Gum Chewing
Overall Study STARTED	53	55
Overall Study COMPLETED	52	54
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	1	1

Reasons for withdrawal

Measure	Gum Chewing	Non-Gum Chewing
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	0	1
Overall Study Discontnued intervention	1	0

Baseline Characteristics

The Effects of Gum Chewing on Math Scores in Adolescents

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Gum Chewing n=53 Participants	Non-Gum Chewing n=55 Participants	Total n=108 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	53 Participants n=5 Participants	55 Participants n=7 Participants	108 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age Continuous	14.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION .8 • n=5 Participants	14.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION .7 • n=7 Participants	14.6 years STANDARD_DEVIATION .7 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	25 Participants n=5 Participants	27 Participants n=7 Participants	52 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	28 Participants n=5 Participants	28 Participants n=7 Participants	56 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	53 participants n=5 Participants	55 participants n=7 Participants	108 participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: the beginning of a school semester

Population: 106 participants were analyzed. One particiapant relocated to another school and one participant was removed by the teacher for discipline reasons.

The TAKS test is a statewide standardized test administered to all Texas schoolchildren (15). The TAKS assesses reading, math, science, and social studies for 8th grade students; however, the current study analyzed only math scores.

Outcome measures

Measure	Gum Chewing n=52 Participants	Non-Gum Chewing n=54 Participants
Math Scores on the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS)	65.1 percentile Standard Deviation 14.0	70.0 percentile Standard Deviation 14.16

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline (the beginning of a school semester )

Population: 106 participants were analyzed. One particiapant relocated to another school and one participant was removed by the teacher for discipline reasons.

Outcome measures

Measure	Gum Chewing n=52 Participants	Non-Gum Chewing n=54 Participants
Math Grades	77.7 average percentage correct Standard Deviation 8.4	80.8 average percentage correct Standard Deviation 7.63

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 14 weeks (end of the semester)

Population: 106 participants were analyzed. One particiapant relocated to another school and one participant was removed by the teacher for discipline reasons.

The TAKS test is a statewide standardized test administered to all Texas schoolchildren (15). The TAKS assesses reading, math, science, and social studies for 8th grade students; however, the current study analyzed only math scores.

Outcome measures

Measure	Gum Chewing n=52 Participants	Non-Gum Chewing n=54 Participants
Math Scores on the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS).	84.9 percentile Standard Deviation 10.3	85.7 percentile Standard Deviation 11.4

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 14 week (end of the semester)

Population: 106 participants were analyzed. One particiapant relocated to another school and one participant was removed by the teacher for discipline reasons.

Outcome measures

Measure	Gum Chewing n=52 Participants	Non-Gum Chewing n=54 Participants
Math Grades	75.2 average percentage correct Standard Deviation 8.4	76.40 average percentage correct Standard Deviation 8.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: the beginning of a school semester and 14 weeks later (the end of a school semester)

The WJ-III (10) is a standardized test battery used to assess an individual's academic strengths and weaknesses. For purposes of the current study, students were given the 4 math subtests of the WJ-III.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: the beginning of a school semester and 14 weeks later (the end of a school semester)

he MARS-A (12) is a 98-item scale that lists various everyday situations in which adolescents may have to use mathematics.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: the beginning of a school semester and 14 weeks later (the end of a school semester)

The STAIC is a scale that distinguishes between a situationally based anxiety and a general intrinsic inclination towards experiencing feelings of anxiety

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

Adverse Events

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Craig Johnston

Baylor

Phone: 713-798-2068

Email: caj@bcm.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place