Infliximab Plus Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the Primary Treatment of Kawasaki Disease

NCT ID: NCT00760435

Last Updated: 2014-11-24

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE3

Total Enrollment

196 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2009-03-31

Study Completion Date

2012-10-31

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to determine whether the addition of infliximab to standard primary therapy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and high dose aspirin will reduce resistance to therapy in acute Kawasaki disease (KD).

Detailed Description

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KD, an orphan disease of low prevalence in U.S. children, causes significant long term cardiac sequelae in a subset of patients. KD patients that are resistant to therapy are more likely to develop coronary artery abnormalities. This phase III placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized clinical trial of infliximab plus standard therapy vs. placebo plus standard therapy in acute KD will determine if the addition of infliximab to primary therapy can reduce the percentage of children resistant to therapy.

Conditions

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Kawasaki Disease

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

QUADRUPLE

Participants Caregivers Investigators Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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1

Infliximab plus Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Infliximab

Intervention Type DRUG

5 mg/kg IV over 2 hours once

2

Placebo plus IVIG

Group Type PLACEBO_COMPARATOR

Placebo

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo (same volume as active drug)

Interventions

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Infliximab

5 mg/kg IV over 2 hours once

Intervention Type DRUG

Placebo

Placebo (same volume as active drug)

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Remicade

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. All eligible subjects, or legal representative, must provide written informed consent/assent, prior to initiation of any study procedure.
2. Eligible subjects will be infants and children, 4 weeks to 17 years old, who have had fever for 3 to 15 days (illness day 1 = first day of fever ≥ 38.3° C)
3. Patients who meet one of the following sets of criteria will be eligible for enrollment (adapted from AHA guidelines: Newburger et al. 2004):

* Case definition for complete KD: Fever (≥ 38.3°C) for ≥ 3 days and 4/5 standard clinical criteria (Table 1)
* Case definition for incomplete KD: Fever ≥ 5 days and 2-3 clinical criteria plus either C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 3.0 mg/dL or ESR ≥40 mm/hr AND ≥ 3 supplemental laboratory criteria: albumin ≤ 3.0 g/dl, anemia for age, ALT ≥ 45, platelet count ≥ 450,000/mm3, white blood cell count ≥ 15,000/mm3, or urinalysis with ≥10 white blood cells/hpf.
* Case definition for incomplete KD with echocardiogram data: Fever ≥ 5 days and \<4/5 clinical criteria plus abnormal echocardiogram with z score of LAD or RCA ≥ 2.5
4. Females of childbearing potential and males must be using adequate contraception (abstinence, oral contraceptives, intrauterine device, barrier method with spermicide, or surgical sterilization) throughout the trial.
5. All eligible subjects must have a chest radiograph within one week prior to first infusion of study drug with no evidence of tuberculosis or other infection.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Have been receiving corticosteroids (i.e. via any route) at doses \> 1 mg/kg prednisone equivalent daily.
2. History of tuberculosis (TB) or TB exposure.
3. Have received a BCG vaccination within the past 6 months.
4. History of histoplasmosis or coccidioidomycosis
5. Have received anakinra (Kineret®), etanercept (Enbrel®), or adalimumab (Humira®) within 1 month prior to first study drug administration.
6. Have any chronic disease, except asthma, atopic dermatitis or controlled seizure disorder.
7. Have documented history of current active Hepatitis B or a history of Hepatitis C infection.
8. Have a documented history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
9. Have received a transplanted organ (with the exception of a corneal transplant performed \> 3 months prior to the first study drug administration).
10. Have a known malignancy or history of malignancy within the 5-year period prior to first study drug administration (with the exception of basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has been completely excised without evidence of recurrence).
11. Have a history of prior lymphoproliferative disease including lymphoma.
12. Have multiple sclerosis or other central demyelinating disorder.
13. Have received any previous treatment with infliximab or other monoclonal antibodies
14. Have used any investigational drug within 1 month prior to first study drug administration or within 5 half-lives of the investigational agent, whichever is longer.
15. Are participating in another investigative trial, involving investigational agents, during participation in this trial.
16. Have a history of substance abuse (drug or alcohol) within the previous 3 years.
17. Are pregnant, nursing, or planning pregnancy (both men and women) during the trial or within the 6-month period thereafter.
18. Have a known allergy to murine proteins or other chimeric proteins.
19. Patients with ischemic congestive heart failure, defined by ECG changes, elevated Troponin 1 and CPK-MB consistent with myocardial ischemia.
20. Have an abnormal chest radiograph
21. Afebrile for ≥ 48 hours
Minimum Eligible Age

4 Weeks

Maximum Eligible Age

17 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Nationwide Children's Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of California, San Diego

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Jane C. Burns

Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Jane C Burns, M.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of California, San Diego

Adriana H. Tremoulet, M.D.

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

University of California, San Diego

Octavio Ramilo, M.D.

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

University of Texas

Locations

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University of California, San Diego

La Jolla, California, United States

Site Status

Nationwide Children's Hospital

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Burns JC, Best BM, Mejias A, Mahony L, Fixler DE, Jafri HS, Melish ME, Jackson MA, Asmar BI, Lang DJ, Connor JD, Capparelli EV, Keen ML, Mamun K, Keenan GF, Ramilo O. Infliximab treatment of intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr. 2008 Dec;153(6):833-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.06.011. Epub 2008 Jul 30.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18672254 (View on PubMed)

Tremoulet AH, Best BM, Song S, Wang S, Corinaldesi E, Eichenfield JR, Martin DD, Newburger JW, Burns JC. Resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin in children with Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr. 2008 Jul;153(1):117-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.12.021. Epub 2008 Mar 4.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18571548 (View on PubMed)

Newburger JW, Sleeper LA, McCrindle BW, Minich LL, Gersony W, Vetter VL, Atz AM, Li JS, Takahashi M, Baker AL, Colan SD, Mitchell PD, Klein GL, Sundel RP; Pediatric Heart Network Investigators. Randomized trial of pulsed corticosteroid therapy for primary treatment of Kawasaki disease. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 15;356(7):663-75. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa061235.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17301297 (View on PubMed)

Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Gerber MA, Gewitz MH, Tani LY, Burns JC, Shulman ST, Bolger AF, Ferrieri P, Baltimore RS, Wilson WR, Baddour LM, Levison ME, Pallasch TJ, Falace DA, Taubert KA; Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Pediatrics. 2004 Dec;114(6):1708-33. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-2182.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15574639 (View on PubMed)

Burns JC, Mason WH, Hauger SB, Janai H, Bastian JF, Wohrley JD, Balfour I, Shen CA, Michel ED, Shulman ST, Melish ME. Infliximab treatment for refractory Kawasaki syndrome. J Pediatr. 2005 May;146(5):662-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.12.022.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15870671 (View on PubMed)

Tremoulet AH, Jain S, Jaggi P, Jimenez-Fernandez S, Pancheri JM, Sun X, Kanegaye JT, Kovalchin JP, Printz BF, Ramilo O, Burns JC. Infliximab for intensification of primary therapy for Kawasaki disease: a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 May 17;383(9930):1731-8. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62298-9. Epub 2014 Feb 24.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 24572997 (View on PubMed)

Burns JC, Song Y, Bujold M, Shimizu C, Kanegaye JT, Tremoulet AH, Franco A. Immune-monitoring in Kawasaki disease patients treated with infliximab and intravenous immunoglobulin. Clin Exp Immunol. 2013 Dec;174(3):337-44. doi: 10.1111/cei.12182.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 23901839 (View on PubMed)

Kanegaye JT, Van Cott E, Tremoulet AH, Salgado A, Shimizu C, Kruk P, Hauschildt J, Sun X, Jain S, Burns JC. Lymph-node-first presentation of Kawasaki disease compared with bacterial cervical adenitis and typical Kawasaki disease. J Pediatr. 2013 Jun;162(6):1259-63, 1263.e1-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.11.064. Epub 2013 Jan 7.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 23305955 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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1R01FD003514-01

Identifier Type: FDA

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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