Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of Bone Marrow Transplants in Children With Sickle Cell Disease (BMT CTN 0601)

NCT ID: NCT00745420

Last Updated: 2022-12-09

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE2
• Total Enrollment: 30 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2008-08-31
• Study Completion Date: 2016-09-30

Brief Summary

Sickle cell disease (SCD), also known as sickle cell anemia, is an inherited blood disease that can cause organ damage, stroke, and intense pain episodes. A blood stem cell transplant is a treatment option for someone with a severe form of the disease. Prior to undergoing a transplant, people typically receive a conditioning regimen of high doses of chemotherapy and other medications to prepare the body to accept the transplant. A conditioning regimen that uses lower doses of chemotherapy and medications may be safer for transplant recipients. This study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of blood stem cell transplants, using bone marrow from unrelated donors, in children with severe SCD who receive a reduced intensity conditioning regimen prior to the transplant.

Detailed Description

SCD is an inherited blood disorder. Symptoms include anemia, infections, organ damage, and intense episodes of pain, also called "sickle cell crises." SCD is caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin, which is a protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen to vital organs, such as the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Defective hemoglobin damages red blood cells. The damaged cells, in turn, can block blood flow in vessels and block oxygen and nutrients from reaching organs. For people with severe forms of SCD, one treatment option is a bone marrow transplant, which may correct the abnormal blood cell production problem. In most cases, bone marrow transplants are performed in people who have a healthy sibling with the same tissue type. If people do not have a sibling with the same tissue type, it is possible for them to receive a blood stem cell transplant from an unrelated donor through bone marrow transplant .

Traditionally, people with SCD who are undergoing a bone marrow transplant receive high doses of chemotherapy and medications before the transplant as part of the conditioning regimen to prepare their immune system to accept the donor cells. Participants will experience fewer side effects with a reduced intensity conditioning regimen than with a more intense conditioning regimen. The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and effectiveness of blood stem cell transplants, using bone marrow from unrelated donors, in children with severe SCD who receive a reduced intensity conditioning regimen before the transplant. Specifically, researchers will evaluate whether the reduced intensity conditioning regimen is successful in allowing donor cells to settle and grow successfully, in preventing the production of SCD-damaged red blood cells, and in limiting SCD-related organ damage.

This study will enroll children with severe SCD who lack a sibling with the same tissue type who can serve as their donor. Participants will attend a study visit prior to the transplant to undergo a blood collection, neurocognitive testing to measure learning and brain function, and magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Questionnaires to assess quality of life will also be completed. Twenty-two days before the transplant, participants will begin receiving a reduced intensity conditioning regimen of chemotherapy and medications to prepare them for the transplant. Eight days before the transplant, participants will be admitted to the hospital and will continue the conditioning regimen. Participants will then receive the bone marrow transplant. After the transplant, participants will receive immunosuppression medications for at least 6 months to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which may occur if the immune cells from the donated bone marrow attacks the body of the recipient. One week after the transplant, participants will receive granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), which is a natural protein that increases the white blood cell count and helps protect the body against infections. Participants will receive G-CSF until their white blood cell level is normal again. Participants will remain in the hospital and be closely monitored for signs of infection or other complications until study researchers feel it is safe for them to return home.

After leaving the hospital, participants will attend study visits weekly during Weeks 1 to 8, at Day 60, weekly during Weeks 9 to 14, at Day 100, at Month 6, and at Years 1 and 2. At all study visits, a blood collection, medical history review, and physical exam will occur. In addition, at Day 100, Month 6, and Years 1 and 2, questionnaires to assess quality of life will be completed. At select visits the following procedures will also occur: lung function testing, heart function testing, MRA and MRI scans, and neurocognitive testing.

Conditions

Sickle Cell Disease

Keywords

Sickle Cell Disease; Sickle Cell Anemia

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplant with GVHD Prophylaxis Regimen

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

The stem cell transplant preparative regimen is listed below. Day 0 is the day of the transplant. The - sign is the number of days before and the + sign is the number of days after the transplant.

• Alemtuzumab: Children weighing 10 kg or more will receive 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg intravenously (IV) on Days -21, -20, and -19, respectively
• Fludarabine: 30 mg/m^2/day IV on Days -8 through -4
• Melphalan: 140 mg/m^2 IV on Day -3
• Rest on Days -2 and -1
• Transplant occurs on Day 0
• GVHD prophylaxis: Tacrolimus or cyclosporine beginning Day -3, methotrexate (7.5 mg/m2/day) Day 1, 3 and 6 and methylprednisolone/prednisone on Day +7 to +28 followed by a taper if there is no GVHD

Interventions

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

The stem cell transplant preparative regimen is listed below. Day 0 is the day of the transplant. The - sign is the number of days before and the + sign is the number of days after the transplant.

• Alemtuzumab: Children weighing 10 kg or more will receive 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg intravenously (IV) on Days -21, -20, and -19, respectively
• Fludarabine: 30 mg/m^2/day IV on Days -8 through -4
• Melphalan: 140 mg/m^2 IV on Day -3
• Rest on Days -2 and -1
• Transplant occurs on Day 0
• GVHD prophylaxis: Tacrolimus or cyclosporine beginning Day -3, methotrexate (7.5 mg/m2/day) Day 1, 3 and 6 and methylprednisolone/prednisone on Day +7 to +28 followed by a taper if there is no GVHD

Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL

Other Intervention Names

Bone Marrow Transplant

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• SCD (genotype hemoglobin SS disease [Hb SS], genotype hemoglobin SC disease [HbSC],sickle ß°[Sß°] thalassemia, or sickle ß^+[Sß^+]thalassemia) with one or more of the following:

1. Patients must have symptomatic SCD (genotype Hb SS, Hb SC, Sß° thalassemia or Sß+ thalassemia), AND have 1 or more of the following clinical complications:(i) Clinically significant neurologic event (stroke) or any neurologic deficit lasting more than 24 hours that is accompanied by an infarct on cerebral MRI; OR (ii) patients who have a Transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocity that exceeds 200 cm/sec by the non-imaging technique (or TCD measurement greater than 185 cm/sec by the imaging technique) measured at a minimum of 2 separate occasions one month or more apart; OR,

2. Minimum of two episodes of acute chest syndrome in the 2 years before study entry, defined as new pulmonary alveolar consolidation involving at least one complete lung segment (associated with acute symptoms including fever, chest pain, tachypnea, wheezing, rales, or cough that is not attributed to asthma or bronchiolitis) despite adequate supportive care measures

3. History of 3 or more severe pain events per year in the 2 years before study entry

• Lansky/Karnofsky performance score greater than or equal to 40
• Patients must have an unrelated adult bone marrow donor who is Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-matched at 8 of 8 HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 at high resolution using DNA-based typing.
• Patients with adequate physical function: a)Cardiac: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) greater than 40%, or LV shortening fraction greater than 26%; b) Pulmonary: Pulse oxymetry with a baseline O2 saturation of greater than or equal to 85% is required for all patients, Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DLCO) greater than 40% (corrected for hemoglobin) for patients in whom pulmonary function testing can be performed; c) Renal: Serum creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 x upper limit of normal for age and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) greater than 100 mL/min/1.73 m. For patients older than or equal to 16 years of age, GFR should be greater than 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2; d) Hepatic: Serum conjugated (direct) bilirubin less than 2x upper limit of normal for age as per local laboratory; alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) less than 5 times upper limit of normal as per local laboratory.
• If the patient has been receiving chronic transfusion therapy for more than or equal to 1 year AND has clinical evidence of iron overload (serum ferritin level of greater than 1000 ng/ml), a liver biopsy shall be obtained within 90 days of starting conditioning therapy (alemtuzumab). Histologic exam of the liver must document absence of bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis of the liver. In other cases, a liver biopsy is optional.
• Hemoglobin S (Hb S) level less than or equal to 45%, seven days prior to initiation of alemtuzumab

Exclusion Criteria

• Evidence of uncontrolled bacterial, viral or fungal infections (currently taking medication and progression of clinical symptoms) within 1 month prior to starting the conditioning regimen. Patients with fever or suspected minor infection should await resolution of symptoms before starting the conditioning regimen
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• Patients with 8/8 HLA-matched family donors able to donate
• Seropositivity for HIV
• Prior allogeneic marrow or stem cell transplant
• Iron chelation must be discontinued more than or equal to 48 hours before initiating the conditioning regimen
• Hydroxyurea (if receiving this therapy) must be discontinued more than or equal to 48 hours before initiating the conditioning regimen

• Minimum Eligible Age: 3 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 19 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

NIH

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network

NETWORK

Sponsor Role: collaborator

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

NIH

Sponsor Role: collaborator

National Marrow Donor Program

OTHER

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Research Network

UNKNOWN

Sponsor Role: collaborator

Medical College of Wisconsin

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Mary Horowitz, MD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research

Locations

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

Children's National Medical Center

Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States

University of Miami

Miami, Florida, United States

Children's Healthcare of Atlanta

Atlanta, Georgia, United States

Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Children's Hospital of New Orleans/LSUMC CCOP

New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

University of Michigan Medical Center

Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States

University of Mississippi Medical Center

Jackson, Mississippi, United States

Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics

Kansas City, Missouri, United States

Washington University, St. Louis Children's Hospital

St Louis, Missouri, United States

Cohen Children's Hospital

New Hyde Park, New York, United States

Columbia University Medical Center

New York, New York, United States

University of North Carolina Hospital at Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

University Hospitals of Cleveland

Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina, United States

Baylor College of Medicine/The Methodist Hospital

Houston, Texas, United States

Virginia Commonwealth University

Richmond, Virginia, United States

Medical College of Wisconsin

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States

Countries

United States

References

Filipovich AH, Weisdorf D, Pavletic S, Socie G, Wingard JR, Lee SJ, Martin P, Chien J, Przepiorka D, Couriel D, Cowen EW, Dinndorf P, Farrell A, Hartzman R, Henslee-Downey J, Jacobsohn D, McDonald G, Mittleman B, Rizzo JD, Robinson M, Schubert M, Schultz K, Shulman H, Turner M, Vogelsang G, Flowers ME. National Institutes of Health consensus development project on criteria for clinical trials in chronic graft-versus-host disease: I. Diagnosis and staging working group report. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2005 Dec;11(12):945-56. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.09.004.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 16338616 (View on PubMed)

Przepiorka D, Weisdorf D, Martin P, Klingemann HG, Beatty P, Hows J, Thomas ED. 1994 Consensus Conference on Acute GVHD Grading. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1995 Jun;15(6):825-8.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 7581076 (View on PubMed)

Shenoy S, Eapen M, Panepinto JA, Logan BR, Wu J, Abraham A, Brochstein J, Chaudhury S, Godder K, Haight AE, Kasow KA, Leung K, Andreansky M, Bhatia M, Dalal J, Haines H, Jaroscak J, Lazarus HM, Levine JE, Krishnamurti L, Margolis D, Megason GC, Yu LC, Pulsipher MA, Gersten I, DiFronzo N, Horowitz MM, Walters MC, Kamani N. A trial of unrelated donor marrow transplantation for children with severe sickle cell disease. Blood. 2016 Nov 24;128(21):2561-2567. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-05-715870. Epub 2016 Sep 13.

Reference Type: RESULT

PMID: 27625358 (View on PubMed)

Martens MJ, Logan BR. Statistical rules for safety monitoring in clinical trials. Clin Trials. 2024 Apr;21(2):152-161. doi: 10.1177/17407745231203391. Epub 2023 Oct 25.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 37877375 (View on PubMed)

Leonard A, Furstenau D, Abraham A, Darbari DS, Nickel RS, Limerick E, Fitzhugh C, Hsieh M, Tisdale JF. Reduction in vaso-occlusive events following stem cell transplantation in patients with sickle cell disease. Blood Adv. 2023 Jan 24;7(2):227-234. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008137.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 36240296 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

Document Type: Study Protocol and Informed Consent Form

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

U01HL069294

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

5U24CA076518

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

BMTCTN0601

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id