Clofarabine for Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) Patients Who Failed Vidaza Treatment (tx)

NCT ID: NCT00700011

Last Updated: 2013-03-15

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Total Enrollment

10 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2008-03-31

Study Completion Date

2010-03-31

Brief Summary

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The investigators hypothesize that, in addition to its apoptotic effect, clofarabine induces DNA hypomethylation. If the investigators' hypothesis is correct, findings from the present proposal will not only contribute to information relating to the mechanisms of action of clofarabine but also provide the opportunity for combined epigenetic targeting of MDS using clofarabine with either another hypomethylating agent or a histone deacetylase inhibitor.

Clofarabine has demonstrated anti-cancer activity through inhibition of DNA synthesis and repair, induction of apoptosis, and possibly through other mechanisms. Numerous responses have been observed after treatment with clofarabine in heavily pre-treated relapsed/refractory patients with ALL, AML and high risk MDS.

In the present proposal, the investigators will study the clinical and laboratory effects of 2 different dosages of clofarabine in patients who have failed the hypomethylating agent, 5-azacytidine. This study will recruit patients who have received at least six cycles of 5-azacytidine without response or whose disease has progressed or relapsed while on 5-azacytidine. The first cohort of patients will receive clofarabine 10 mg/m2/day for five days and the second cohort of patients 5 mg/m2/day for five days, both every four to six weeks. The investigators will determine the frequency of response to the two dosages of nucleoside analog in this group of patients. Measurement of responses will include improvement in the peripheral blood count, reduction in the blood and platelet transfusion need and eradication of cytogenetically abnormal clones. Successful completion of this study will define the position of clofarabine in MDS in the era of epigenetic targeting.

Detailed Description

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Study Overview

This study will recruit patients who have received at least six cycles of 5-azacytidine without response or whose disease has progressed or relapsed while on 5-azacytidine. The first cohort of patients will receive clofarabine 10 mg/m2/day for five days and the second cohort of patients 5 mg/m2/day for five days, both every four to six weeks. The investigators will determine the frequency of response to the two dosages of nucleoside analog in this group of patients. Measurement of responses will include improvement in the peripheral blood count, reduction in the blood and platelet transfusion need and eradication of cytogenetically abnormal clones.

* Primary Objectives

1. To determine the frequency and duration of peripheral blood responses to IV clofarabine in MDS patients who have failed 5-azacytidine
2. To determine the frequency and duration of bone marrow responses to IV clofarabine, including CR + PR
* Secondary Objectives

To determine whether clofarabine exhibits a DNA hypomethylating property

Conditions

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Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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10 mg/m2 group

Patients were treated with Clofarabine 10 mg/m2 daily x 5 days per cycle. Cycles were intended on being every 28 days but this was flexible due to the bone marrow neding to recover from each cycle before strting the next one. Neulasta was given on day 5 of each cycle. Patients were treated until disease progression, or intolerable toxicities.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Clofarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

10 mg/m2 x 5 days per 4 to 6 week cycles

5 mg/m2 group

Patients were treated with Clofarabine 5 mg/m2 daily x 5 days per cycle. Cycles were intended on being every 28 days but this was flexible due to the bone marrow neding to recover from each cycle before strting the next one. Neulasta was given on day 5 of each cycle. Patients were treated until disease progression, or intolerable toxicities.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Clofarabine

Intervention Type DRUG

5 mg/m2 x 5 days per 4 to 6 week cycles

Interventions

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Clofarabine

10 mg/m2 x 5 days per 4 to 6 week cycles

Intervention Type DRUG

Clofarabine

5 mg/m2 x 5 days per 4 to 6 week cycles

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Clolar Clolar

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Patients with MDS of any risk group who have, just immediately prior to being entered into this study, already received at least six cycles of 5-azacytidine and have failed, either due to no response or to disease relapse despite being still on 5-azacytidine, or patients whose MDS has progressed while on 5-azacytidine, irrespective of the number of cycles the patient has received. We have specifically chosen to be very stringent about our patient population in order to address our question of whether clofarabine can be used to salvage patients who have failed 5-azacytidine with only a small patient population, i.e. 10 patients in each cohort.
* ECOG Performance status of 0 - 2
* Recombinant erythropoietin is allowed, if the patients are already receiving erythropoietin. G-CSF can be given during the neutropenic stage following therapy since this would not affect evaluation of response because the response will be made based on CBC and bone marrow changes upon recovery from clofarabine.
* Patients must have been at least four weeks after the last course of 5-azacytidine
* Age over 18 years
* Have adequate renal and hepatic functions as indicated by the following laboratory values:

* Serum creatinine 1.0 mg/dL; if serum creatinine 1.0 mg/dL, then the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) must be 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 as calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation where Predicted GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) = 186 x (Serum Creatinine)-1.154 x (age in years)-0.023 x (0.742 if patient is female) x (1.212 if patient is black)
* Serum bilirubin ≤1.5 mg/dL × upper limit of normal (ULN)
* Aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) 2.5 × ULN
* Alkaline phosphatase 2.5 × ULN
* Capable of understanding the investigational nature, potential risks and benefits of the study, and able to provide signed informed consent.
* Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 2 weeks prior to enrollment.
* Male and female patients must use an effective contraceptive method during the study and for a minimum of 6 months after study treatment.

Exclusion Criteria

* Nursing or pregnant women
* Prior clofarabine therapy
* Life expectancy of less than 3 months due to other intercurrent illness.
* Current concomitant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy other than as specified in the protocol.
* Use of investigational agents within 30 days or any anticancer therapy within 4 weeks before study entry with the exception of hydroxyurea. The patient must have recovered from all acute toxicities from any previous therapy.
* Have any other severe concurrent disease, or have a history of serious organ dysfunction or disease involving the heart, kidney, liver, or other organ system that may place the patient at undue risk to undergo treatment.
* Patients with a systemic fungal, bacterial, viral, or other infection not controlled (defined as exhibiting ongoing signs/symptoms related to the infection and without improvement, despite appropriate antibiotics or other treatment).
* Any significant concurrent disease, illness, or psychiatric disorder that would compromise patient safety or compliance, interfere with consent, study participation, follow up, or interpretation of study results.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Genzyme, a Sanofi Company

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role collaborator

Texas Oncology Cancer Center

INDUSTRY

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Seah Lim M.D.

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Seah Lim, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Texas Oncology Cancer Center

Locations

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Texas Oncology Cancer Center

Amarillo, Texas, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Hellstrom-Lindberg E. Update on supportive care and new therapies: immunomodulatory drugs, growth factors and epigenetic-acting agents. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2005:161-6. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2005.1.161.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16304375 (View on PubMed)

Lim SH, Wang Z, Chiriva-Internati M, Xue Y. Sperm protein 17 is a novel cancer-testis antigen in multiple myeloma. Blood. 2001 Mar 1;97(5):1508-10. doi: 10.1182/blood.v97.5.1508.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 11222401 (View on PubMed)

Wang Z, Zhang Y, Ramsahoye B, Bowen D, Lim SH. Sp17 gene expression in myeloma cells is regulated by promoter methylation. Br J Cancer. 2004 Oct 18;91(8):1597-603. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602160.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 15381930 (View on PubMed)

Kantarjian H, Gandhi V, Cortes J, Verstovsek S, Du M, Garcia-Manero G, Giles F, Faderl S, O'Brien S, Jeha S, Davis J, Shaked Z, Craig A, Keating M, Plunkett W, Freireich EJ. Phase 2 clinical and pharmacologic study of clofarabine in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia. Blood. 2003 Oct 1;102(7):2379-86. doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-03-0925. Epub 2003 Jun 5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12791647 (View on PubMed)

Reichelova V, Liliemark J, Albertioni F. Liquid chromatographic study of acid stability of 2-chloro-2'-arabino-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine and related analogues. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1995 Apr;13(4-5):711-4. doi: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01325-f. No abstract available.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 9696594 (View on PubMed)

Carson DA, Wasson DB, Esparza LM, Carrera CJ, Kipps TJ, Cottam HB. Oral antilymphocyte activity and induction of apoptosis by 2-chloro-2'-arabino-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Apr 1;89(7):2970-4. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.7.2970.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 1348362 (View on PubMed)

Lotfi K, Mansson E, Spasokoukotskaja T, Pettersson B, Liliemark J, Peterson C, Eriksson S, Albertioni F. Biochemical pharmacology and resistance to 2-chloro-2'-arabino-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine, a novel analogue of cladribine in human leukemic cells. Clin Cancer Res. 1999 Sep;5(9):2438-44.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 10499616 (View on PubMed)

Parker WB, Shaddix SC, Chang CH, White EL, Rose LM, Brockman RW, Shortnacy AT, Montgomery JA, Secrist JA 3rd, Bennett LL Jr. Effects of 2-chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine on K562 cellular metabolism and the inhibition of human ribonucleotide reductase and DNA polymerases by its 5'-triphosphate. Cancer Res. 1991 May 1;51(9):2386-94.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 1707752 (View on PubMed)

Genini D, Adachi S, Chao Q, Rose DW, Carrera CJ, Cottam HB, Carson DA, Leoni LM. Deoxyadenosine analogs induce programmed cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by damaging the DNA and by directly affecting the mitochondria. Blood. 2000 Nov 15;96(10):3537-43.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 11071652 (View on PubMed)

Kantarjian HM, Gandhi V, Kozuch P, Faderl S, Giles F, Cortes J, O'Brien S, Ibrahim N, Khuri F, Du M, Rios MB, Jeha S, McLaughlin P, Plunkett W, Keating M. Phase I clinical and pharmacology study of clofarabine in patients with solid and hematologic cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Mar 15;21(6):1167-73. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.04.031.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 12637486 (View on PubMed)

Faderl S, Gandhi V, O'Brien S, Bonate P, Cortes J, Estey E, Beran M, Wierda W, Garcia-Manero G, Ferrajoli A, Estrov Z, Giles FJ, Du M, Kwari M, Keating M, Plunkett W, Kantarjian H. Results of a phase 1-2 study of clofarabine in combination with cytarabine (ara-C) in relapsed and refractory acute leukemias. Blood. 2005 Feb 1;105(3):940-7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-05-1933. Epub 2004 Oct 14.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 15486072 (View on PubMed)

Faderl S, Verstovsek S, Cortes J, Ravandi F, Beran M, Garcia-Manero G, Ferrajoli A, Estrov Z, O'Brien S, Koller C, Giles FJ, Wierda W, Kwari M, Kantarjian HM. Clofarabine and cytarabine combination as induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients 50 years of age or older. Blood. 2006 Jul 1;108(1):45-51. doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3294. Epub 2006 Jan 10.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16403905 (View on PubMed)

Jeha S, Gaynon PS, Razzouk BI, Franklin J, Kadota R, Shen V, Luchtman-Jones L, Rytting M, Bomgaars LR, Rheingold S, Ritchey K, Albano E, Arceci RJ, Goldman S, Griffin T, Altman A, Gordon B, Steinherz L, Weitman S, Steinherz P. Phase II study of clofarabine in pediatric patients with refractory or relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Apr 20;24(12):1917-23. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.8554.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16622268 (View on PubMed)

Jeha S, Gandhi V, Chan KW, McDonald L, Ramirez I, Madden R, Rytting M, Brandt M, Keating M, Plunkett W, Kantarjian H. Clofarabine, a novel nucleoside analog, is active in pediatric patients with advanced leukemia. Blood. 2004 Feb 1;103(3):784-9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-06-2122. Epub 2003 Oct 9.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 14551141 (View on PubMed)

Cheson BD, Greenberg PL, Bennett JM, Lowenberg B, Wijermans PW, Nimer SD, Pinto A, Beran M, de Witte TM, Stone RM, Mittelman M, Sanz GF, Gore SD, Schiffer CA, Kantarjian H. Clinical application and proposal for modification of the International Working Group (IWG) response criteria in myelodysplasia. Blood. 2006 Jul 15;108(2):419-25. doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-10-4149. Epub 2006 Apr 11.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16609072 (View on PubMed)

Raj K, John A, Ho A, Chronis C, Khan S, Samuel J, Pomplun S, Thomas NS, Mufti GJ. CDKN2B methylation status and isolated chromosome 7 abnormalities predict responses to treatment with 5-azacytidine. Leukemia. 2007 Sep;21(9):1937-44. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404796. Epub 2007 Jul 5.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 17611569 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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Other Identifiers

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iCLO111

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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