Systems of Support (SOS) to Increase Colon Cancer Screening and Follow-up

NCT ID: NCT00697047

Last Updated: 2020-11-03

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

4653 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2008-07-31

Study Completion Date

2019-12-31

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

SOS is a four-arm randomized controlled study of ways to increase screening for colorectal cancer. About 40-50% of the people age 50 and older are not up to date on screening. This is a very important problem because screening both prevents colorectal cancer and decreases colon cancer deaths.

We are studying 3 different levels of support to help people get screened and follow-up after positive screening tests. These involve comparing to usual care stepwise increasing in intensity approaches; an automated approach of mailing information and home screening tests, this plus phone assistance by a medical assistant, both of these plus phone counseling and care management. We will also compare nurse assisted follow-up after a positive screening test compared to usual care

By doing this study we hope to increase colon cancer screening rates, and also follow-up rates for positive screening tests.

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Systems of Support (SOS) to Increase Colon Cancer Screening and Follow-up A. Specific Aims There is strong evidence that colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) decreases colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality and reduces colorectal cancer incidence. Despite the efficacy of screening, 40-60% of eligible adults are not screened at recommended intervals, and many have never had any type of CRCS. Screening failures occur not only from lack of screening but also from breakdowns in follow-up of positive tests, which obviates the benefits of screening. Strategies for improving the uptake of CRCS typically focus on either patients or health care providers, without describing the infrastructure changes, or systems of support (SOS), that are required to implement and sustain these changes.

We propose a two-part study using the Chronic Care Model to organize SOS. We will identify a cohort of Group Health patients aged 50 -73 years who have not had a colonoscopy (CS) in 10 years, a flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) in 5 years, or a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in 10 months.

Part One:

Subjects will be randomized to receive one of four interventions of stepwise increasing intensity of support.

1. Usual care (UC).
2. Automated (UC+ mailed information, access to a cancer screening hotline, mailed FOBT cards, and a reminder card).
3. Assisted (UC + automated + a medical assistant) to document screening intent and assists patients via the resources already supplied or sending requests to the patient's physician.
4. Care management (UC + automated + assisted + cancer screening nurse support) who counsels patient and assists with this screening plan (assessing procedural risk, and ordering tests).

Part Two: Patients with a positive FOBT or a positive FS (CS needed) will be randomized to one of two follow-up intervention arms: A. Usual care (which at Group Health includes a registry and physician alerts) or B. Care Management (UC + cancer screening nurse who manages care after a positive test). Our study hypotheses are that increasing levels of SOS will result in increasing CRCS rates, and care management by cancer screening nurses will increase follow-up rates after a positive test.

The primary specific aims are:

1. To compare the effectiveness of each intervention condition on increasing CRCS rates.
2. To compare the effectiveness of each intervention condition on follow-up after a positive screening test.

The secondary aims are:
3. To assess the effects of each intervention condition on participants' cognitive, affective, and social factors related to CRCS adherence and satisfaction with medical services
4. To compare utilization, costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness of each intervention condition.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Colorectal Cancer

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

SCREENING

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

1- Usual Care

Usual Care (UC) includes an annual birthday letter with information on overdue screening tests including CRC screening.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

2 - Automated Mailing

Usual care plus automated mailing. Mailing 1 is a pamphlet about screening choices and number to call for colonoscopy. Mailing 2 is a FIT kit if not requesting colonoscopy. Mailing 3 is a Reminder letter.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Automated Mailing

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Usual Care plus Automated mailing

3 - Automated Mailing Plus Assisted

Usual care, automated mailing plus, if screening is still not completed, phone assistance by a medical assistant (MA) who asks about patients screening intent, and provides brief assistance to complete this (e.g. sends another fecal test, assists with provider order for a colonoscopy).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Automated Mailing Plus Assisted

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

If not screened after automated mailing, MA assists with screening.

4 - Auto Plus Assisted Plus Navigation

Usual care, automated mailing, phone assistance by a medical assistant, plus navigation by a registered nurse (RN) if still not screened. Navigators are trained to use motivational interviewing techniques. They assess CRC and procedure risk, facilitate screening choice, address barriers, and provide follow-up until screening is completed.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Auto Plus Assisted Plus Navigation

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

If not screened after automated mailing and assistance by MA, RN begins navigation.

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Automated Mailing

Usual Care plus Automated mailing

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Automated Mailing Plus Assisted

If not screened after automated mailing, MA assists with screening.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Auto Plus Assisted Plus Navigation

If not screened after automated mailing and assistance by MA, RN begins navigation.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Not up to date on CRCS
* Continuously enrolled in Group Health Cooperative (GHC) for 24 months
* Expected to continue to be enrolled at GHC for 24 months.

Exclusion Criteria

* Known high risk for CRC
* History of CRC
* History of inflammatory bowel disease
* Current anticoagulation therapy
* Organ failure
* Serious illness
* Debilitating disease
* Dementia
* Nursing home resident.
Minimum Eligible Age

50 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

73 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Kaiser Permanente

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Beverly B Green, MD, MPH

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Kaiser Permanente

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Meenan RT, Anderson ML, Chubak J, Vernon SW, Fuller S, Wang CY, Green BB. An economic evaluation of colorectal cancer screening in primary care practice. Am J Prev Med. 2015 Jun;48(6):714-21. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.12.016.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25998922 (View on PubMed)

Green BB, Anderson ML, Wang CY, Vernon SW, Chubak J, Meenan RT, Fuller S. Results of nurse navigator follow-up after positive colorectal cancer screening test: a randomized trial. J Am Board Fam Med. 2014 Nov-Dec;27(6):789-95. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2014.06.140125.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25381076 (View on PubMed)

Green BB, Wang CY, Horner K, Catz S, Meenan RT, Vernon SW, Carrell D, Chubak J, Ko C, Laing S, Bogart A. Systems of support to increase colorectal cancer screening and follow-up rates (SOS): design, challenges, and baseline characteristics of trial participants. Contemp Clin Trials. 2010 Nov;31(6):589-603. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2010.07.012. Epub 2010 Jul 30.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20674774 (View on PubMed)

Green BB, Bogart A, Chubak J, Vernon SW, Morales LS, Meenan RT, Laing SS, Fuller S, Ko C, Wang CY. Nonparticipation in a population-based trial to increase colorectal cancer screening. Am J Prev Med. 2012 Apr;42(4):390-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.014.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 22424252 (View on PubMed)

Green BB, Wang CY, Anderson ML, Chubak J, Meenan RT, Vernon SW, Fuller S. An automated intervention with stepped increases in support to increase uptake of colorectal cancer screening: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Mar 5;158(5 Pt 1):301-11. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303050-00002.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23460053 (View on PubMed)

Wang CY, de Dieu Tapsoba J, Anderson ML, Vernon SW, Chubak J, Fuller S, Green BB. Time to screening in the systems of support to increase colorectal cancer screening trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Aug;23(8):1683-8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0270. Epub 2014 Jun 2.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24891548 (View on PubMed)

Murphy CC, Vernon SW, Haddock NM, Anderson ML, Chubak J, Green BB. Longitudinal predictors of colorectal cancer screening among participants in a randomized controlled trial. Prev Med. 2014 Sep;66:123-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.013. Epub 2014 Jun 15.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24937648 (View on PubMed)

Green BB, Anderson ML, Chubak J, Fuller S, Meenan RT, Vernon SW. Impact of continued mailed fecal tests in the patient-centered medical home: Year 3 of the Systems of Support to Increase Colon Cancer Screening and Follow-Up randomized trial. Cancer. 2016 Jan 15;122(2):312-21. doi: 10.1002/cncr.29734. Epub 2015 Oct 21.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26488332 (View on PubMed)

Green BB, Anderson ML, Chubak J, Baldwin LM, Tuzzio L, Catz S, Cole A, Vernon SW. Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates Increased after Exposure to the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH). J Am Board Fam Med. 2016 Mar-Apr;29(2):191-200. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2016.02.150290.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26957375 (View on PubMed)

Green BB, Anderson ML, Cook AJ, Chubak J, Fuller S, Meenan RT, Vernon SW. A Centralized Program with Stepped Support Increases Adherence to Colorectal Cancer Screening Over 9 Years: a Randomized Trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2022 Apr;37(5):1073-1080. doi: 10.1007/s11606-021-06922-2. Epub 2021 May 28.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34047921 (View on PubMed)

Green BB, Anderson ML, Cook AJ, Chubak J, Fuller S, Kimbel KJ, Kullgren JT, Meenan RT, Vernon SW. Financial Incentives to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake and Decrease Disparities: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Jul 3;2(7):e196570. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6570.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 31276178 (View on PubMed)

Green BB, BlueSpruce J, Tuzzio L, Vernon SW, Aubree Shay L, Catz SL. Reasons for never and intermittent completion of colorectal cancer screening after receiving multiple rounds of mailed fecal tests. BMC Public Health. 2017 May 30;17(1):531. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4458-6.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 28558663 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

5R01CA121125

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: org_study_id

View Link