Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Brain Serotonin Activity in People With Depression

NCT ID: NCT00641108

Last Updated: 2020-04-16

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE2/PHASE3
• Total Enrollment: 30 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2008-01-31
• Study Completion Date: 2011-12-31

Brief Summary

This study will examine changes in brain serotonin activity in people with depression before and after they receive cognitive behavioral therapy.

Detailed Description

Depression is a serious illness that affects almost 19 million adults in the United States each year. Common symptoms of depression include persistent feelings of anxiety, guilt, or hopelessness; irregular sleep and appetite patterns; lethargy; disinterest in previously enjoyed activities; excessive irritability and restlessness; suicidal thoughts; and inability to concentrate. A person's depression can be attributed to a variety of causes, including biological and genetic factors, environmental influences, or developmental experiences. Among biological factors, a recently researched possible cause is the altered activity of specialized areas on brain nerve cells called serotonin receptors, which have been found to be at reduced levels in people with depression. The hormone serotonin is known to naturally influence mood, making depression treatments that aim to increase levels of serotonin important. Treatment for depression with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which teaches ways to modify thoughts and behaviors that contribute to depression, may help in raising brain serotonin levels and in improving depressive symptoms. This study will examine changes in brain serotonin activity using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in people with depression before and after they receive CBT. The study will also use SPECT imaging to compare brain serotonin activity of non-depressed healthy participants with that of depressed participants.

Participation in this study will last between 12 and 14 weeks. All participants will first undergo an initial evaluation that will include questions about medical history, a physical exam, a blood draw, a urine test, and an electrocardiogram (ECG). Participants will then undergo an ADAM (a selective radioligand for SPECT imaging) SPECT scan. During the ADAM SPECT scan visit, participants will undergo an injection of the ADAM, an ECG, blood pressure monitoring, and a 60-minute SPECT scan. If necessary, participants may also be asked to have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan after completing the SPECT scan.

Depressed participants will then attend at least once weekly CBT sessions for 12 weeks. During the 45-minute sessions, participants will meet with a therapist to learn ways to adjust thoughts and behaviors that may be adding to their depression. After completing the 12 weeks of CBT, all participants will be re-evaluated by a study doctor and, if still in good health, will undergo a repeat ADAM SPECT scan.

Conditions

Depression

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

ADAM SPECT

Participants with depression will undergo ADAM SPECT scans and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

ADAM SPECT plus Cognitive Therapy

Intervention Type: DRUG

Control

Healthy subjects without depression will undergo ADAM SPECT scans.

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

ADAM SPECT plus No Therapy

Intervention Type: DRUG

Interventions

ADAM SPECT plus Cognitive Therapy

Intervention Type: DRUG

ADAM SPECT plus No Therapy

Intervention Type: DRUG

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD)
• Drug naive from prior psychotropic medication for more than 6 months before study entry
• Hamilton-Depression (HAM-D) 17 score greater than or equal to 16
• Woman of childbearing age with a negative pregnancy test within 48 hours of scanning

Exclusion Criteria

• DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis other than MDD
• Use of psychotropic medication within 6 months of study entry
• History of bipolar disorder
• Current alcohol or drug abuse/dependence within 6 months of study entry
• History of sensitivity or intolerance to s-citalopram
• Medical contraindication to the use of s-citalopram
• Unstable medical condition (e.g., angina pectoris, untreated hypertension)
• Pregnant or nursing
• Woman of childbearing potential not using a medically acceptable form of birth control
• Actively suicidal or requiring hospitalization
• Requiring additional psychotropic drug therapy
• History of transient ischemic attacks
• History of cerebral infarction (including lacunar infarct with symptoms more than 24 hours in duration)
• History of Binswanger's disease or a history of hypertensive encephalopathy
• History of intracranial hemorrhage
• History of head trauma with loss of consciousness
• History of encephalitis
• History of extended exposure to known neurotoxin (e.g., cyanide, carbon monoxide)
• Uncontrolled metabolic disorder (e.g., thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus)
• History of cognitive impairment other than major depressive episode
• History of normal pressure hydrocephalus
• History of cancer metastatic to the central nervous system
• History of Parkinson's or other basal ganglia disease
• History of Guillain-Barré syndrome (chronic or relapsing polyneuropathy)
• Inability to undergo an MRI scan

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 65 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Sponsors

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

NIH

Sponsor Role: collaborator

University of Pennsylvania

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Robert J. DeRubeis, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Pennsylvania

Locations

Depression Research Unit - University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Countries

United States

Other Identifiers

R34MH077580

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

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DATR A5-ETMA

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

R34MH077580

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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