Airway Management in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomies

NCT ID: NCT00570414

Last Updated: 2009-01-15

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 128 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2007-03-31
• Study Completion Date: 2008-08-31

Brief Summary

Secure airway management is the basis of all anesthesiological practice. Of particular importance is the securing of patients' airway passages when the surgical procedure itself poses a threat to a patient's airway, as is the case in all procedures involving the upper respiratory pathways. When adenoidectomies, tonsillectomies and combined adenotonsillectomies are performed, blood from the surgical area will present a respiratory threat to unsecured airways. The traditional opinion has been that endotracheal intubation is the safest method of preventing aspiration.

The laryngeal mask was introduced in 1983 as an alternative to the endotracheal tube. In 1990, the flexible, reinforced laryngeal mask airway was introduced, intended for use during surgical procedures involving the mouth and throat. The laryngeal mask airway has several potential advantages over the endotracheal tube. It is inserted blindly, without laryngoscopy. This leads to reduced oropharyngeal or laryngeal stimulation and injury, and therefore minimal activation of respiratory and circulatory reflexes. The laryngeal mask airway can be placed without the use of muscle relaxants, avoiding potential side effects such as apnea, hyperkalemia and anaphylaxis. In addition the laryngeal mask airway can remain in the throat until the patient awakes, virtually eliminating the danger of postoperative aspiration.

Several international studies have described the advantages of the laryngeal mask airway over endotracheal intubation during ear, nose and throat surgery in children. The general impression is that there is a widespread routine implementation of the laryngeal mask airway. In Norway, however, this practice has been limited. As far as we know, only Namsos Hospital uses this procedure as its first choice. At Telemark Hospital we tested the use of laryngeal mask airway on 150 patients between May and December 2006. The results so far have been promising, and we have had no serious complications.

Hypothesis:

In children undergoing adenotonsillectomies, a laryngeal mask airway provides greater patient satisfaction (judged by reduced pain, nausea and vomiting) and greater effectivity (judged by reduced time in surgery), compared with the endotracheal tube. The laryngeal mask provides as much as or greater secure airway management measured by desaturations/Sp02<92% and/or use of suxamethonium and bronchiolytic drugs.

Detailed Description

Registration:

Preoperative: Age, height, weight, medication, asthma/allergy, possible current respiratory infection

Peroperative: Type of procedure, tube size/laryngeal mask, type of tongue blade, highest/lowest SpO2, highest/lowest ET CO2, highest/lowest pulse, length of surgery, total operating room time, operator, medication. Reason must be given if converting from laryngeal mask to tube; lack of visibility for operator, laryngeal mask not possible to place, unacceptable leakage before placing tongue blade, occlusion after placement of tongue blade.

Postoperative: Pain judged by need for opiates (VAS, crying, agitation, tachycardia), nausea judged by gagging/vomiting, total time in recovery, rebleeding judged by reoperation.

Anesthesia:

Induction: Alfentanil 20 microg/kg body weight Propofol 3-4 mg/kg body weight Or: Sevoflurane/N2O mask induction with MAC 1-2

Maintenance: Alfentanil 5-10 microg/kg body weight every 8-10 minutes Sevoflurane/N2O equivalent to 1-1.5 MAC Acetaminophen supp 40 mg/kg body weight, max 2 g. Dexamethasone 0.15mg/kg body weight Xylocaine 1mg/kg body weight

Emergence: Morphine 100-200 mikrog/kg body weight

Postoperative: Morphine 50-100 microg/kg body weight

Post-discharge: Acetaminophen tbl 15 mg/kg body weight x 3 Or: Acetaminophen supp 20 mg/kg body weight x 3

Patient booklet:

A patient booklet will be produced for each patient. The booklet will contain only the patient's initials, age and research number. After the booklets are filled out, they will be stored in a locked facility by one of the examining physicians, and the code to the patient's name will be stored and locked separately by one of the researchers. The code will be destroyed at the end of the research study.

Conditions

Tonsillitis

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

1

Laryngeal mask airway (LMA)

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Laryngeal mask airway

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Airway management by the use of the flexible, reinforced laryngeal mask airway

2

Endotracheal tube (ETT)

Group Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Endotracheal tube

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Airway management by the use of endotracheal tube

Interventions

Laryngeal mask airway

Airway management by the use of the flexible, reinforced laryngeal mask airway

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Endotracheal tube

Airway management by the use of endotracheal tube

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Children 10-60 kg
• Elective adenotomy, tonsillectomy or combined adenotonsillectomy under general anesthesia.
• Written and oral informed parental consent.

Exclusion Criteria

• ASA III or higher.
• Weight < 10 kg or weight > 60 kg.
• Congenital malformations of the mouth or throat.

• Minimum Eligible Age: 3 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 16 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Sykehuset Telemark

OTHER_GOV

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Sykehuset Telemark

Principal Investigators

Simen Doksrød, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Sykehuset Telemark

Peter Heidt, PhD

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Namsos Hospital

Locations

Sykehuset Telemark, Clinic of emergency medicin

Porsgrunn, Telemark, Norway

Countries

Norway

Other Identifiers

s-07031b

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

s8197.03

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id