Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
PHASE2
230 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
1995-02-28
2008-01-31
Brief Summary
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Detailed Description
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This study aims at assessing whether one can decrease the future incidence of beta-cell autoimmunity and/or type 1 diabetes in children who have an increased genetic risk for the disease, by administering in infancy after breast feeding until the age of 6-8 months such a formula, in which the cow's milk proteins have been hydrolyzed to smaller peptides. The children in the control group, carrying a similar increased genetic risk, will receive a conventional cow's milk based formula .
This project is a pilot multicenter trial comprising 15 hospitals in Finland.
Conditions
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Keywords
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Study Design
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RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
QUADRUPLE
Study Groups
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A highly hydrolyzed casein formula
A highly hydrolyzed formula
Weaning to a highly hydrolyzed formula, avoidance of all supplemental food containing cow's milk proteins and/or bovine serum albumin up to the age of 6-8 months
A conventiona cow's milk based formula
A regular cow's milk based formula
Weaning to a regular cow's milk based formula supplemented with 20% of the highly hydrolyzed formula used in arm 1 to make the study formulas similar in smell and taste, avoidance of all supplemental food containing cow's milk proteins and/or bovine serum albumin
Interventions
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A highly hydrolyzed formula
Weaning to a highly hydrolyzed formula, avoidance of all supplemental food containing cow's milk proteins and/or bovine serum albumin up to the age of 6-8 months
A regular cow's milk based formula
Weaning to a regular cow's milk based formula supplemented with 20% of the highly hydrolyzed formula used in arm 1 to make the study formulas similar in smell and taste, avoidance of all supplemental food containing cow's milk proteins and/or bovine serum albumin
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* the participant must carry a susceptible HLA genotype(HLA-DQB1\*02 and/or DQB1\*0302 without protective alleles (DQB1\*0301, \*0602 and \*0603)
Exclusion Criteria
* no accessibility to any of the research centers
* inability of parents to understand the study and instructions
* unwillingness/inability to feed the infant CM-containing food for any reason (e.g. religious, cultural reasons)
* gestational age less than 36 weeks
* Any severe illness such as chromosomal abnormalities, congenital malformations, respiratory failure, enzyme deficiencies of the newborn.
* the newborn infant has received any cow's milk-based product prior to randomization
1 Day
7 Days
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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Academy of Finland
OTHER
European Union
OTHER
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
OTHER
Diabetes Research Foundation, Finland
OTHER
Novo Nordisk A/S
INDUSTRY
University of Helsinki
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Mikael Knip
Professor of Pediatrics
Principal Investigators
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Hans K Åkerlom, MD, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Locations
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Jorvi Hospital
Espoo, , Finland
Kanta-Häme Central Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Hämeenlinna, , Finland
University of Helsinki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Helsinki, , Finland
National Public Health Institute
Helsinki, , Finland
Helsinki University Hospital, Maternity Hospital
Helsinki, , Finland
University of Helsinki, Hospital for Children and Adolescents
Helsinki, , Finland
North Karelia Central Hospital
Joensuu, , Finland
Central Finland Central Hospital
Jyväskylä, , Finland
Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Kotka, , Finland
University of Kuopio, Department of Pediatrics
Kuopio, , Finland
Päijät-Häme Central Hospital
Lahti, , Finland
South Karelia Central Hospital
Lappeenranta, , Finland
University of Oulu, Department of Pediatrics
Oulu, , Finland
Satakunta Central Hospital
Pori, , Finland
South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital
Seinäjoki, , Finland
Tampere University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
Tampere, , Finland
University of Turku, Department of Virology
Turku, , Finland
Vaasa Central Hospital
Vaasa, , Finland
Countries
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References
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Akerblom HK, Savilahti E, Saukkonen TT, Paganus A, Virtanen SM, Teramo K, Knip M, Ilonen J, Reijonen H, Karjalainen J, et al. The case for elimination of cow's milk in early infancy in the prevention of type 1 diabetes: the Finnish experience. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1993 Dec;9(4):269-78. doi: 10.1002/dmr.5610090407. No abstract available.
Akerblom HK, Knip M. Putative environmental factors in Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1998 Mar;14(1):31-67. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0895(199803)14:13.0.co;2-a.
Knip M, Akerblom HK. IDDM prevention trials in progress--a critical assessment. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Apr;11 Suppl 2:371-7. No abstract available.
Knip M, Akerblom HK. Environmental factors in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1999;107 Suppl 3:S93-100. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1212160.
Vaarala O, Hyoty H, Akerblom HK. Environmental factors in the aetiology of childhood diabetes. Diabetes Nutr Metab. 1999 Apr;12(2):75-85. No abstract available.
Akerblom HK, Vaarala O, Hyoty H, Ilonen J, Knip M. Environmental factors in the etiology of type 1 diabetes. Am J Med Genet. 2002 May 30;115(1):18-29. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.10340.
Knip M, Akerblom HK. Early nutrition and later diabetes risk. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2005;569:142-50. doi: 10.1007/1-4020-3535-7_21.
Knip M, Veijola R, Virtanen SM, Hyoty H, Vaarala O, Akerblom HK. Environmental triggers and determinants of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2005 Dec;54 Suppl 2:S125-36. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.54.suppl_2.s125.
Paronen J, Knip M, Savilahti E, Virtanen SM, Ilonen J, Akerblom HK, Vaarala O. Effect of cow's milk exposure and maternal type 1 diabetes on cellular and humoral immunization to dietary insulin in infants at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Finnish Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk Study Group. Diabetes. 2000 Oct;49(10):1657-65. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.49.10.1657.
Hamalainen AM, Ronkainen MS, Akerblom HK, Knip M. Postnatal elimination of transplacentally acquired disease-associated antibodies in infants born to families with type 1 diabetes. The Finnish TRIGR Study Group. Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Nov;85(11):4249-53. doi: 10.1210/jcem.85.11.6987.
Ronkainen MS, Hamalainen AM, Koskela P, Akerblom HK, Knip M; Finnish Trigr Study Group. Pregnancy induces nonimmunoglobulin insulin-binding activity in both maternal and cord blood serum. Clin Exp Immunol. 2001 May;124(2):190-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01506.x.
Hamalainen AM, Savola K, Kulmala PK, Koskela P, Akerblom HK, Knip M; Finnish TRIGR Study Group. Disease-associated autoantibodies during pregnancy and at birth in families affected by type 1 diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol. 2001 Nov;126(2):230-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01676.x.
Sadeharju K, Hamalainen AM, Knip M, Lonnrot M, Koskela P, Virtanen SM, Ilonen J, Akerblom HK, Hyoty H; Finnish TRIGR Study Group. Enterovirus infections as a risk factor for type I diabetes: virus analyses in a dietary intervention trial. Clin Exp Immunol. 2003 May;132(2):271-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02147.x.
Akerblom HK, Virtanen SM, Ilonen J, Savilahti E, Vaarala O, Reunanen A, Teramo K, Hamalainen AM, Paronen J, Riikjarv MA, Ormisson A, Ludvigsson J, Dosch HM, Hakulinen T, Knip M; National TRIGR Study Groups. Dietary manipulation of beta cell autoimmunity in infants at increased risk of type 1 diabetes: a pilot study. Diabetologia. 2005 May;48(5):829-37. doi: 10.1007/s00125-005-1733-3. Epub 2005 Apr 19.
Tiittanen M, Paronen J, Savilahti E, Virtanen SM, Ilonen J, Knip M, Akerblom HK, Vaarala O; Finnish TRIGR Study Group. Dietary insulin as an immunogen and tolerogen. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2006 Nov;17(7):538-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2006.00447.x.
Sadeharju K, Knip M, Virtanen SM, Savilahti E, Tauriainen S, Koskela P, Akerblom HK, Hyoty H; Finnish TRIGR Study Group. Maternal antibodies in breast milk protect the child from enterovirus infections. Pediatrics. 2007 May;119(5):941-6. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-0780.
Knip M, Virtanen SM, Seppa K, Ilonen J, Savilahti E, Vaarala O, Reunanen A, Teramo K, Hamalainen AM, Paronen J, Dosch HM, Hakulinen T, Akerblom HK; Finnish TRIGR Study Group. Dietary intervention in infancy and later signs of beta-cell autoimmunity. N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 11;363(20):1900-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1004809.
Hyytinen M, Savilahti E, Virtanen SM, Harkonen T, Ilonen J, Luopajarvi K, Uibo R, Vaarala O, Akerblom HK, Knip M; Finnish TRIGR Pilot Study Group. Avoidance of Cow's Milk-Based Formula for At-Risk Infants Does Not Reduce Development of Celiac Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Gastroenterology. 2017 Oct;153(4):961-970.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.049. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
de Goffau MC, Luopajarvi K, Knip M, Ilonen J, Ruohtula T, Harkonen T, Orivuori L, Hakala S, Welling GW, Harmsen HJ, Vaarala O. Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with beta-cell autoimmunity and those without. Diabetes. 2013 Apr;62(4):1238-44. doi: 10.2337/db12-0526. Epub 2012 Dec 28.
Related Links
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The TRIGR Study proper tests the hypothesis whether weaning to a highly hydrolyzed formula reduces the cumulative incidence of beta-cell autoimmunity and clinical diabetes in subjects with increased genetic disease susceptibility
Other Identifiers
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BHM4-CT96-0233
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: secondary_id
195003
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id