Trial Outcomes & Findings for Three Different Programs of Paced Breathing in Treating Hot Flashes in Women (NCT NCT00569166)

NCT ID: NCT00569166

Last Updated: 2017-08-07

Results Overview

Hot flash severity were graded from 1 to 4, as they range from mild, moderate, severe, or very severe. A hot flash score is defined by multiplying the daily frequency with the average hot flash severity. These scores are aggregated into average weekly hot flash activity scores for each patient.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

105 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Week 1 and Week 9

Results posted on

2017-08-07

Participant Flow

One-hundred and five (105) participants were recruited at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 3/08/2007 and 12/8/2009. There were 13 cancelled participants and were excluded from baseline characteristics table.

Participants were evaluated by telephone, or in person, according to the eligibility criteria and educated about the requirements of the study. Eligible and willing women were registered onto the study.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Overall Study
STARTED
30
31
31
Overall Study
COMPLETED
21
25
27
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
9
6
4

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
7
5
3
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
2
1
1

Baseline Characteristics

Three Different Programs of Paced Breathing in Treating Hot Flashes in Women

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=30 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=31 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=31 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Total
n=92 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
51.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.4 • n=5 Participants
54.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.1 • n=7 Participants
54.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.7 • n=5 Participants
53.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.5 • n=4 Participants
Age, Customized
Between 18 and 49 years
15 participants
n=5 Participants
8 participants
n=7 Participants
9 participants
n=5 Participants
32 participants
n=4 Participants
Age, Customized
>=50 years
15 participants
n=5 Participants
23 participants
n=7 Participants
22 participants
n=5 Participants
60 participants
n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
30 Participants
n=5 Participants
31 Participants
n=7 Participants
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
92 Participants
n=4 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
30 Participants
n=5 Participants
31 Participants
n=7 Participants
31 Participants
n=5 Participants
92 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
30 participants
n=5 Participants
31 participants
n=7 Participants
31 participants
n=5 Participants
92 participants
n=4 Participants
Breast Cancer History
Yes
20 participants
n=5 Participants
13 participants
n=7 Participants
15 participants
n=5 Participants
48 participants
n=4 Participants
Breast Cancer History
No
10 participants
n=5 Participants
18 participants
n=7 Participants
16 participants
n=5 Participants
44 participants
n=4 Participants
Average Frequency of Hot Flashes per day
<4 Hot flashes per day
1 participants
n=5 Participants
2 participants
n=7 Participants
6 participants
n=5 Participants
9 participants
n=4 Participants
Average Frequency of Hot Flashes per day
4-9 Hot flashes per day
10 participants
n=5 Participants
15 participants
n=7 Participants
14 participants
n=5 Participants
39 participants
n=4 Participants
Average Frequency of Hot Flashes per day
>=10 Hot flashes per day
19 participants
n=5 Participants
14 participants
n=7 Participants
11 participants
n=5 Participants
44 participants
n=4 Participants
Current tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitor treatment
Yes
14 participants
n=5 Participants
7 participants
n=7 Participants
12 participants
n=5 Participants
33 participants
n=4 Participants
Current tamoxifen, raloxifene, or aromatase inhibitor treatment
No
16 participants
n=5 Participants
24 participants
n=7 Participants
19 participants
n=5 Participants
59 participants
n=4 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 1 and Week 9

Hot flash severity were graded from 1 to 4, as they range from mild, moderate, severe, or very severe. A hot flash score is defined by multiplying the daily frequency with the average hot flash severity. These scores are aggregated into average weekly hot flash activity scores for each patient.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=30 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=31 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=31 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
The Difference in Hot Flash Score (Frequency and Severity) Between Baseline (Week 1) and Week 9
-6.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.38
-7.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.14
-6.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.97

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 9

Population: Includes all participants who completed both baseline and week 9 assessments.

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) has 19 items and seven component scales: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep-wake disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction. The scoring algorithm yields seven component scales on 0-3 scales which are summed to produce a global score on a 0-21 scale with higher values representing more severe sleep difficulty. The global score is translated into 0-100 scale with high values representing best quality of life (QOL). The habitual sleep efficiency component and global score was estimated using the worst-case scenarios for the values that were provided for PSQI question 4. Change from baseline to week 9 was calculated by subtracting the baseline scores from the scores at week 9.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=17 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=22 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=18 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for PSQI Global Score
4.8 units on a scale
Interval -14.3 to 28.6
4.8 units on a scale
Interval -28.6 to 38.1
7.1 units on a scale
Interval -19.0 to 28.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 9

Population: Includes all participants who had both baseline and week 9 blood pressure measurements.

Participants were taught home monitoring of blood pressure and provided with the sphygmomanometer. The measurements data were recorded on the Blood Pressure Measurement log. Change from baseline to week 9 was calculated by subtracting the baseline measurement from the measurement at week 9.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=19 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=24 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=25 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Change From Baseline to Week 9 on Blood Pressure Measurement
Systolic Blood Pressure Evening
-0.6 mmHg
Interval -16.2 to 10.6
-3.4 mmHg
Interval -14.2 to 14.3
2.2 mmHg
Interval -16.6 to 11.7
Change From Baseline to Week 9 on Blood Pressure Measurement
Diastolic Blood Pressure Morning
-4.1 mmHg
Interval -37.0 to 5.7
-1.9 mmHg
Interval -23.4 to 10.5
-1.6 mmHg
Interval -19.9 to 7.3
Change From Baseline to Week 9 on Blood Pressure Measurement
Diastolic Blood Pressure Evening
-2.1 mmHg
Interval -10.5 to 3.7
-1.7 mmHg
Interval -7.6 to 7.5
0.5 mmHg
Interval -15.6 to 7.3
Change From Baseline to Week 9 on Blood Pressure Measurement
Systolic Blood Pressure Morning
1.0 mmHg
Interval -14.0 to 9.4
0.1 mmHg
Interval -55.2 to 19.6
-0.4 mmHg
Interval -14.2 to 17.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 9

Population: Includes all participants who completed both baseline and week 9 assessments.

Profile of Mood States (POMS) measures a variety of mood states including tension/anxiety, depression/dejection, anger/hostility, vigor/activity, fatigue/inertia and confusion/bewilderment. Each subscale consist of 5 items with a 5 points-scale (0=not at all, 1=a little, 2=moderately, 3=quite a bit and 4=extremely). The subscale scores were the sum of all five items. The total score was the sum of all subscale scores. The scores were then transformed into a 100-point scale with higher numbers indicating best quality of life (QOL). Change from baseline to week 9 was calculated by subtracting the baseline scores from the scores at week 9.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=18 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=23 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=27 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for POMS Total Score and Subscales
POMS Total Score
4.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.2
5.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.9
3.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.1
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for POMS Total Score and Subscales
Tension-Anxiety Subscale
0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.0
5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.5
3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.7
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for POMS Total Score and Subscales
Depression-Dejection Subscale
1.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.3
3.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.2
-0.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.6
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for POMS Total Score and Subscales
Confusion-Bewilderment Subscale
5.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.2
5.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.7
0.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.0
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for POMS Total Score and Subscales
Fatigue-Inertia Subscale
8.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.0
12.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.1
13.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 23.3
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for POMS Total Score and Subscales
Vigor-Activity Subscale
8.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.8
4.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.5
4.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.2
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for POMS Total Score and Subscales
Anger-Hostility Subscale
2.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.5
0.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.8
1.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 9

Population: Includes all participants who completed both baseline and week 9 assessments.

Profile of Mood States (POMS) measures a variety of mood states including tension/anxiety, depression/dejection, anger/hostility, vigor/activity, fatigue/inertia and confusion/bewilderment. Each subscale consist of 5 items with a 5 points-scale (0=not at all, 1=a little, 2=moderately, 3=quite a bit and 4=extremely). The subscale scores were the sum of all five items. The total score was the sum of all subscale scores. The scores were then transformed into a 100-point scale with higher numbers indicating best quality of life (QOL). Change from baseline to week 9 was calculated by subtracting the baseline scores from the scores at week 9. The correlation was estimated using Pearson correlation coefficients. The assessment of the Pearson Correlation Coefficients was the pre-specified Secondary outcome, and not the underlying changes in the POMS scores.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=18 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=23 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=25 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in POMS Total Score and Subscales From Baseline to Week 9
POMS Total Score
-0.05 Correlation coefficient
-0.32 Correlation coefficient
0.29 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in POMS Total Score and Subscales From Baseline to Week 9
Tension-Anxiety Subscale
-0.18 Correlation coefficient
-0.36 Correlation coefficient
0.19 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in POMS Total Score and Subscales From Baseline to Week 9
Depression-Dejection Subscale
-0.05 Correlation coefficient
-0.35 Correlation coefficient
0.35 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in POMS Total Score and Subscales From Baseline to Week 9
Confusion-Bewilderment Subscale
0.21 Correlation coefficient
-0.33 Correlation coefficient
0.37 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in POMS Total Score and Subscales From Baseline to Week 9
Fatigue-Inertia Subscale
0.32 Correlation coefficient
-0.20 Correlation coefficient
0.26 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in POMS Total Score and Subscales From Baseline to Week 9
Vigor-Activity Subscale
-0.22 Correlation coefficient
0.04 Correlation coefficient
0.01 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in POMS Total Score and Subscales From Baseline to Week 9
Anger-Hostility Subscale
-0.25 Correlation coefficient
-0.25 Correlation coefficient
0.21 Correlation coefficient

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 9

Population: Includes all participants who completed both baseline and week 9 assessments.

Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) consist of 3 items that assess the severity of fatigue and 6 items that assess the impact of fatigue on daily functioning in a 10-points scale with 0 as no fatigue or does not interfere with daily functioning and 10 as bad fatigue or completely interferes. The scores for the six items were summed up to form a total interference score. The linear analogue scale of fatigue was a 10-points scale with 0 as no fatigue and 10 as bad fatigue. All scores were then transformed into 0 to 100 scale, with 100 as less fatigue/less interference. Change from baseline to week 9 was calculated by subtracting the baseline scores from the scores at week 9.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=19 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=23 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=25 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for BFI Fatigue Scores
Fatigue Right Now
8.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.8
13.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.9
17.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.8
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for BFI Fatigue Scores
Usual Fatigue
16.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.6
11.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.9
12.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.1
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for BFI Fatigue Scores
Worst Fatigue Last 24 Hours
12.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.8
18.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 23.2
18.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 9

Population: Includes all participants who completed both baseline and week 9 assessments.

Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) consist of 3 items that assess the severity of fatigue and 6 items that assess the impact of fatigue on daily functioning in a 10-points scale with 0 as no fatigue or does not interfere with daily functioning and 10 as bad fatigue or completely interferes. The scores for the six items were summed up to form a total interference score. The linear analogue scale of fatigue was a 10-points scale with 0 as no fatigue and 10 as bad fatigue. All scores were then transformed into 0 to 100 scale, with 100 as less fatigue/less interference. Change from baseline to week 9 was calculated by subtracting the baseline scores from the scores at week 9. The correlation was estimated using Pearson correlation coefficients. The assessment of the Pearson Correlation Coefficients was the pre-specified Secondary outcome, and not the underlying changes in the BFI fatigue items scores.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=19 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=23 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=23 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in BFI Fatigue From Baseline to Week 9
Fatigue Right Now
-0.25 Correlation coefficient
-0.20 Correlation coefficient
-0.18 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in BFI Fatigue From Baseline to Week 9
Usual Fatigue
0.13 Correlation coefficient
0.06 Correlation coefficient
-0.12 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in BFI Fatigue From Baseline to Week 9
Worst Fatigue Last 24 hours
0.11 Correlation coefficient
-0.36 Correlation coefficient
-0.11 Correlation coefficient

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 9

Population: Includes all participants who completed both baseline and week 9 assessments.

Symptom Experience Diary is a self-report diary of expected side effects from controlled breathing on 10-points scale with 10 represents symptoms all the time. Individual item scores were then transformed into 0 to 100 scale, with 100 indicates best quality of life (QOL). Change from baseline to week 9 was calculated by subtracting the baseline scores from the scores at week 9.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=19 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=24 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=27 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for Symptom Distress Diary
Nervousness
4.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.3
4.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.4
6.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.9
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for Symptom Distress Diary
Fatigue
15.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.3
20.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.0
17.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.2
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for Symptom Distress Diary
Abnormal Sweating
20.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 41.8
24.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.2
29.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 41.1
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for Symptom Distress Diary
Trouble Sleeping
18.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.2
21.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.2
11.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.0
Change From Baseline to Week 9 for Symptom Distress Diary
Negative Mood
6.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.5
12.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.0
7.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 9

Population: Includes all participants who completed both baseline and week 9 assessments.

Symptom Experience Diary is a self-report diary of expected side effects from controlled breathing on 10-points scale with 10 represents symptoms all the time. Individual item scores were then transformed into 0 to 100 scale, with 100 indicates best quality of life (QOL). Change from baseline to week 9 was calculated by subtracting the baseline scores from the scores at week 9. The correlation was estimated using Pearson correlation coefficients. The assessment of the Pearson Correlation Coefficients was the pre-specified Secondary outcome, and not the underlying changes in the Symptom Experience Diary item scores.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=19 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=24 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=25 Participants
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in Symptom Experience Diary From Baseline to Week 9
Fatigue
-0.24 Correlation coefficient
0.04 Correlation coefficient
0.26 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in Symptom Experience Diary From Baseline to Week 9
Abnormal Sweating
-0.43 Correlation coefficient
-0.30 Correlation coefficient
-0.20 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in Symptom Experience Diary From Baseline to Week 9
Trouble Sleeping
-0.56 Correlation coefficient
-0.15 Correlation coefficient
-0.28 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in Symptom Experience Diary From Baseline to Week 9
Nervousness
-0.30 Correlation coefficient
-0.43 Correlation coefficient
0.15 Correlation coefficient
Pearson Correlation Coefficients for Changes in Hot Flash Scores From Baseline to Week 9 With Changes in Symptom Experience Diary From Baseline to Week 9
Negative Mood
-0.19 Correlation coefficient
0.05 Correlation coefficient
0.21 Correlation coefficient

Adverse Events

Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 5 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 7 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Paced Breathing (15 Min Once Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=30 participants at risk
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes once daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (15 Min Twice Daily, 6 Breaths/Min)
n=31 participants at risk
Patients practice paced breathing for 15 minutes twice daily, 6 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Paced Breathing (10 Min Once Daily, 14 Breaths/Min)
n=31 participants at risk
Patients practice paced breathing for 10 minutes once daily, 14 breaths/min, 5-7 days weekly, following an instructional compact disc (CD), for 8 weeks.
Cardiac disorders
Palpitations
3.3%
1/30 • Number of events 1 • Weekly during week 2 to week 9
6.5%
2/31 • Number of events 4 • Weekly during week 2 to week 9
3.2%
1/31 • Number of events 1 • Weekly during week 2 to week 9
General disorders
Influenza Symptoms
0.00%
0/30 • Weekly during week 2 to week 9
6.5%
2/31 • Number of events 2 • Weekly during week 2 to week 9
0.00%
0/31 • Weekly during week 2 to week 9
Nervous system disorders
Dizziness
16.7%
5/30 • Number of events 10 • Weekly during week 2 to week 9
12.9%
4/31 • Number of events 4 • Weekly during week 2 to week 9
3.2%
1/31 • Number of events 6 • Weekly during week 2 to week 9

Additional Information

Dr. Amit Sood

Mayo Clinic

Phone: 507-538-7623

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place