Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effects of Adding Motivational Interviewing to Antidepressant Treatment for Hispanic Adults With Depression (NCT NCT00564278)

NCT ID: NCT00564278

Last Updated: 2021-05-19

Results Overview

A continuous measure of the total number of days in treatment, based on visit attendance. At each kept visit, patients will be credited as having been in treatment for the number of days since their last scheduled visit. For example, patients attending sessions on weeks 0, 1, and 12 would have been in treatment for 35 days (7 \[week 0 to week 1\] + 28 \[week 8 to week 12\]).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

217 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Measured at Months 3 and 9

Results posted on

2021-05-19

Participant Flow

The recruitment period extended from June 3, 2008 to Aug 14, 2013. Advertising was placed in local newspapers recruiting Hispanic adults to the trial, which took place in the Hispanic Treatment Program at the Psychiatric Institute, a research and clinical institute in Upper Manhattan affiliated with Columbia University.

Of N=109 patients enrolled in SADT, 12 were pre-treatment drops (signed consent but did not return for a medication visit) and N=97 came to 1+ medication visit. Of N=108 patients enrolled in MADT, 10 were pre-treatment drops (signed consent but did not return for a medication visit) and N=98 participated in at least one medication visit.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Standard Antidepressant Therapy
As per study criteria, the N=97 sample is our sample for data analysis. There were 37 men and 60 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline Hamilton Depression Scale-17 score of 16 or greater. Mean age was 43.41 (SD = 13.2).
Motivational Antidepressant Therapy
As per study criteria, the N=98 sample is our sample for data analysis. There were 36 men and 62 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline Hamilton Depression Scale-17 score of 16 or greater. Mean age was 44.1 (SD = 12.3).
Overall Study
STARTED
97
98
Overall Study
COMPLETED
50
56
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
47
42

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Standard Antidepressant Therapy
As per study criteria, the N=97 sample is our sample for data analysis. There were 37 men and 60 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline Hamilton Depression Scale-17 score of 16 or greater. Mean age was 43.41 (SD = 13.2).
Motivational Antidepressant Therapy
As per study criteria, the N=98 sample is our sample for data analysis. There were 36 men and 62 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline Hamilton Depression Scale-17 score of 16 or greater. Mean age was 44.1 (SD = 12.3).
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
35
33
Overall Study
Physician Decision
1
2
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
11
7

Baseline Characteristics

Effects of Adding Motivational Interviewing to Antidepressant Treatment for Hispanic Adults With Depression

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Standard Medication Therapy
n=97 Participants
N=97 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 37 men and 60 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater. Mean age was 43.4 with SD=13.2.
Motivational Pharmacotherapy
n=98 Participants
N=98 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 36 men and 62 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater. Mean age was 44.1 with SD=12.3.
Total
n=195 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
93 Participants
n=5 Participants
92 Participants
n=7 Participants
185 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous
43.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.2 • n=5 Participants
44.1 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.3 • n=7 Participants
43.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.7 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
60 Participants
n=5 Participants
62 Participants
n=7 Participants
122 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
37 Participants
n=5 Participants
36 Participants
n=7 Participants
73 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
97 Participants
n=5 Participants
98 Participants
n=7 Participants
195 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
97 participants
n=5 Participants
98 participants
n=7 Participants
195 participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Measured at Months 3 and 9

Population: Patients who signed consent and attended at least one medication visit.

A continuous measure of the total number of days in treatment, based on visit attendance. At each kept visit, patients will be credited as having been in treatment for the number of days since their last scheduled visit. For example, patients attending sessions on weeks 0, 1, and 12 would have been in treatment for 35 days (7 \[week 0 to week 1\] + 28 \[week 8 to week 12\]).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Standard Antidepressant Therapy
n=97 Participants
N=97 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 37 men and 60 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Motivational Antidepressant Therapy
n=98 Participants
N=98 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 36 men and 62 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Number of Days in ADT (Retention)
Days in txt at 9 months
148.7 Days in treatment
Standard Deviation 99.3
164.1 Days in treatment
Standard Deviation 89.2
Number of Days in ADT (Retention)
Days in txt at 3 months
59.5 Days in treatment
Standard Deviation 30.65
65.5 Days in treatment
Standard Deviation 24.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: HAMD-17 assessed at follow-up weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, 28, and 36.

Population: All patients enrolled in both arms with available data at assessment time points.

Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 17-item standard clinician-administered version of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17). We analyzed the HAMD-17 score, calculated as the sum of the individual items and ranging from 0 to 35 with higher numbers indicating more symptoms. HAMD-17 was assessed at baseline and the follow-up visits specified below. We calculated the model-estimated mean of the HAMD-17 over 36 weeks using repeated measures.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Standard Antidepressant Therapy
n=97 Participants
N=97 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 37 men and 60 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Motivational Antidepressant Therapy
n=98 Participants
N=98 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 36 men and 62 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Mean of Depressive Symptoms Over 36-week Follow-up Using Hamilton Depression Scale -17-item Version (Symptoms)
12.08 units on a scale ranging from 0 to 35
Standard Deviation 7.17
11.71 units on a scale ranging from 0 to 35
Standard Deviation 7.31

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: SDS at follow-up weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, 28, and 36.

Population: Patients with available data at assessment time points.

Psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), a self-report instrument composed of three visual analog subscales assessing degree of disruption caused by symptoms in three domains: work, social/leisure activities, and family/home life. We analyzed the 3 subscale scores for the 3 domains separately which ranged from 0 to 10 with higher scores indicating worse functioning. The SDS was assessed at baseline and the follow-up visits specified below. We calculated the model-estimated mean of the SDS over 36 weeks using repeated measures.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Standard Antidepressant Therapy
n=97 Participants
N=97 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 37 men and 60 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Motivational Antidepressant Therapy
n=98 Participants
N=98 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 36 men and 62 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Mean Disability Over 36-week Follow-up Using Sheehan Disability Scale (Impairment)
Work
4.36 Units on a scale ranging from 0-10
Standard Deviation 3.44
4.93 Units on a scale ranging from 0-10
Standard Deviation 3.41
Mean Disability Over 36-week Follow-up Using Sheehan Disability Scale (Impairment)
Social/leisure
4.87 Units on a scale ranging from 0-10
Standard Deviation 3.29
5.44 Units on a scale ranging from 0-10
Standard Deviation 3.27
Mean Disability Over 36-week Follow-up Using Sheehan Disability Scale (Impairment)
Family/home life
4.55 Units on a scale ranging from 0-10
Standard Deviation 3.14
5.05 Units on a scale ranging from 0-10
Standard Deviation 3.23

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: QLESQ at follow-up weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, 28, and 36.

Population: Patients with available data at assessment time points.

Quality of life was assessed using the 16-item Short Form of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (QLESQ), a self-reported measure of quality of life in 8 domains that is sensitive to depressive symptom severity and treatment response. We analyzed the QLESQ total score as a percentage of the maximum possible score (ranging from 0-100) to facilitate comparisons across areas of functioning. It was calculated as such: % Max = (Raw score - minimum possible score) / (maximum possible score-minimum possible score) where raw score is the sum of the first 14 items. Higher numbers indicate better quality of life, greater enjoyment, and satisfaction. The QLESQ was assessed at baseline and the follow-up visits specified below. We calculated the model-estimated mean of the QLESQ over 36 weeks using repeated measures.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Standard Antidepressant Therapy
n=97 Participants
N=97 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 37 men and 60 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Motivational Antidepressant Therapy
n=98 Participants
N=98 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 36 men and 62 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Mean Perceived Quality of Life Over 36-week Follow-up Using Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (QLESQ)
50.05 percentage of maximum possible score
Standard Deviation 18.59
48.92 percentage of maximum possible score
Standard Deviation 19.50

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: CSQ at follow-up weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, 28, and 36.

Population: Patients with available data at assessment time points.

Patient satisfaction was assessed using the 8-item Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) which assesses patients' satisfaction with the services received. CSQ total score ranges from 8-32 with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction. The CSQ was assessed at baseline and the follow-up visits specified below. We calculated the model-estimated mean of the CSQ over 36 weeks using repeated measures.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Standard Antidepressant Therapy
n=97 Participants
N=97 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 37 men and 60 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Motivational Antidepressant Therapy
n=98 Participants
N=98 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 36 men and 62 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Mean Patient Satisfaction Over 36-week Follow-up Using Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ)
27.59 units on a scale ranging from 8 to 32
Standard Deviation 3.38
27.41 units on a scale ranging from 8 to 32
Standard Deviation 3.39

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Measured at each visit, up to 36 weeks

Population: All patients in both arms

We used the Composite Adherence Score (CAS) described in our grant application to calculate medication adherence levels from all data sources (electronic caps \[eCaps\], pill count, self-report) and compare these across arms. Calculated via a statistically calibrated algorithm, the CAS relied first on eCaps data, secondarily on pill count, and the adherence questionnaire if eCaps data was missing due to an eCap malfunction. We calculated the number of the days the patient was fully adherent, number of days of partial adherence (e.g., opened the eCap fewer times than prescribed), or number of days of nonadherence when they did not take any prescribed pills. Patients who dropped out of the study and provided no further follow-up data were considered nonadherent for the remainder of the study period. We calculated the therapy-adherent period as a proportion of the total intended treatment period or proportion of days of full adherence, # of fully adherent days / # of days in treatment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Standard Antidepressant Therapy
n=97 Participants
N=97 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 37 men and 60 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Motivational Antidepressant Therapy
n=98 Participants
N=98 patients were enrolled in this study arm and participated in at least one medication visit. There were 36 men and 62 women. All were of Hispanic ethnicity, as the study focused on this population exclusively. All were depressed, with a baseline HAMD-17 score of 16 or greater.
Proportion of Fully Adherent Days
0.47 Proportion of Fully Adherent days
Standard Deviation 0.34
0.56 Proportion of Fully Adherent days
Standard Deviation 0.32

Adverse Events

Standard Antidepressant Therapy

Serious events: 1 serious events
Other events: 3 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Motivational Antidepressant Therapy

Serious events: 2 serious events
Other events: 5 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Standard Antidepressant Therapy
n=97 participants at risk
Participants will receive standard antidepressant therapy. Standard antidepressant therapy (SADT): Treatment with medication will follow the Texas Medication Algorithm (TMA) for Depression. Antidepressant medications may include the following: citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), paroxetine (Paxil CR), sertraline (Zoloft), venlafaxine XR (Effexor XR), bupropion SR (Wellbutrin SR), duloxetine (Cymbalta), nortriptyline (Pamelor), and mirtazapine (Remeron).
Motivational Antidepressant Therapy
n=98 participants at risk
Participants will receive motivational antidepressant therapy. Motivational antidepressant therapy (MADT): The same medication treatment for depression will be offered as in the SADT arm and supplemented with techniques from motivational interviewing.
Psychiatric disorders
Suicidal ideation
1.0%
1/97 • Number of events 1 • Time frame was duration of study: maximum of 36 weeks.
0.00%
0/98 • Time frame was duration of study: maximum of 36 weeks.
Psychiatric disorders
Manic episode
0.00%
0/97 • Time frame was duration of study: maximum of 36 weeks.
2.0%
2/98 • Number of events 2 • Time frame was duration of study: maximum of 36 weeks.

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Standard Antidepressant Therapy
n=97 participants at risk
Participants will receive standard antidepressant therapy. Standard antidepressant therapy (SADT): Treatment with medication will follow the Texas Medication Algorithm (TMA) for Depression. Antidepressant medications may include the following: citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro), paroxetine (Paxil CR), sertraline (Zoloft), venlafaxine XR (Effexor XR), bupropion SR (Wellbutrin SR), duloxetine (Cymbalta), nortriptyline (Pamelor), and mirtazapine (Remeron).
Motivational Antidepressant Therapy
n=98 participants at risk
Participants will receive motivational antidepressant therapy. Motivational antidepressant therapy (MADT): The same medication treatment for depression will be offered as in the SADT arm and supplemented with techniques from motivational interviewing.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
Neck stiffness or soreness
3.1%
3/97 • Number of events 3 • Time frame was duration of study: maximum of 36 weeks.
5.1%
5/98 • Number of events 5 • Time frame was duration of study: maximum of 36 weeks.

Additional Information

Roberto Lewis-Fernandez, MD, Professor of Psychiatry CUMC - NYSPI

Columbia Univ Med Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute

Phone: 646-774-8102

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place