Acetaminophen Concentration in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Infants

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2004-01-31

Study Completion Date

2007-06-30

Brief Summary

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Acetaminophen is the most commonly used drug in children. Inhibition of COX-3 in the brain has been suggested as the primary central mechanism by which acetaminophen decrease pain and possibly fever. However there is very limited data about acetaminophen concentrations in the brain and no such data is available for newborns. The objective of the current study is to describe concentrations of acetaminophen in the fluid around the brain of infants after administration of acetaminophen.

Detailed Description

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The mechanism by which acetaminophen causes analgesia and antipyretic effect is not entirely clear. Recently a new COX isoenzyme was identified and termed COX 3. In humans this isoenzyme is most abundant in cerebral cortex and heart. Inhibition of COX-3 could represent a primary central mechanism by which acetaminophen decrease pain and possibly fever (10). An effect on of acetaminophen on presynaptic 5-HT(2) receptors in the hypocampus has been demonstrated (11) suggesting again that the primary effect of acetaminophen is in the CNS.

Many studies (12-16) described the pharmacokinetics of oral and rectal acetaminophen in infants and neonates. Yet, the data on acetaminophen concentrations in the CSF is very limited. Two studies in adults (17;18) used intravenous propacetamol and described concentrations of acetaminophen in the plasma and CSF. Acetaminophen was detected as early as 15 minutes after the administration and reached peak concentrations in the CSF at the 4th hour. A small study (19) of nine children who had indwelling ventricular drains found that cerebrospinal fluid concentrations lagged behind those of plasma with an equilibration half time of 0.72 h. This study did not describe CSF concentrations in neonates and used a dose of 40mg/kg, which is higher than the recommended dose in children. To the best of our knowledge there is no data on acetaminophen CSF concentrations in neonates.

The objective of the current study is to describe concentrations of acetaminophen in the CSF of infants after single administration of acetaminophen. A better understanding of the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen and its penetration into the CSF will enable us to better predict the effects of this commonly used drug.

Conditions

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Fever

Keywords

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Acetaminophen Fever cerebro spinal fluid Infants

Study Design

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Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Age: 1week - 2 years
* Rectal temperature \> 38.0OC
* A sepsis work up is indicated
* Acetaminophen was given prior to lumbar puncture (LP)

Exclusion Criteria

* Hypersensitivity to acetaminophen
* Known metabolic disorder
* Known liver or kidney disease
* Hydrocephalus
* Informed consent could not be obtained from a legal guardian

Minimum Eligible Age

1 Week

Maximum Eligible Age

2 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Principal Investigators

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Eran Kozer, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center

Locations

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Pediatric Emergency Unit Assaf Harofeh Medical center

Ẕerifin, , Israel

Site Status

Countries

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Israel

Other Identifiers

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93/03

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id