Methods to Enhance the Safety and Effectiveness of Stem Cell Transplants

NCT ID: NCT00378534

Last Updated: 2021-06-16

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE2
• Total Enrollment: 116 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2006-09-30
• Study Completion Date: 2014-04-30

Brief Summary

Bone marrow stem cell transplants (otherwise called bone marrow transplants) from healthy donors are sometimes the only means of curing hematological malignant diseases such as acute and chronic leukemias, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative diseases and lymphomas. Before transplant the patient receives chemotherapy and radiation treatment to reduce the malignancy to low levels and to prevent rejection of the transplant. The transplant restores the blood counts to normal and replaces the patients immunity with that of the donor. The donors immune cells increase the effect of the transplant by attacking remaining malignant cells. Donor immune cells (especially those called T lymphocytes) also attack healthy non-cancerous cells and tissues of the recipient causing "graft-versus-host-disease" (GVHD). Strong GVHD reactions occurring within weeks after the transplant can be life-threatening . In this study we remove most of the T lymphocytes from the transplant to minimize the risk of GVHD. However to improve immunity against residual malignant cells and boost immunity to infections, donor T cells (stored frozen at time of transplant) are given back around 90 days after the transplant when they have a reduced risk of causing serious GVHD.

Any patient between 10 and 75 years of age with acute or chronic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative syndromes or lymphoma, who have a family member who is a suitable stem cell donor may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and various tests and examinations.

Detailed Description

Peripheral blood stem cell transplant research carried out by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) Unit focus on transplant techniques designed to decrease graft versus host disease (GVHD), increase the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect and reduce the risk of post-transplant graft rejection.

We have found that by controlling the stem cell (CD34+ cell) and T lymphocyte (CD3+ cell) dose severe GVHD can be reduced whilst beneficial GVL effects can be preserved by postponed donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). We found that T cell depleted transplants using the Nexell/Baxter Isolex 300i system to obtain high CD34+ doses depleted of lymphocytes were safe to administer and associated with less severe acute GVHD and promising response rates and overall survival, when combined with a delayed T cell add-back (DLI). This protocol is designed to evaluate safety and efficacy of an improved T cell depletion procedure using the Miltenyi CliniMACs system (CD34 reagent system) with a delayed T cell add back in the HLA-matched peripheral blood stem cell transplant setting.

The protocol will accrue up to 68 subjects ages 10-75 with a hematological malignancy, in whom allogeneic stem cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling would be routinely indicated. 68 sibling donors will also be recruited. Diagnostic categories will include acute and chronic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and myeloproliferative syndromes.

Subjects will receive a myeloablative conditioning regimen of cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and total body irradiation, followed by an infusion of a stem cell product prepared using the Miltenyi CliniMacs system for CD34 selection, and a delayed T-cell add back as donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) at day 90. Older subjects will receive a lower dose of irradiation to reduce the regimen intensity.

Participants undergo apheresis to collect lymphocytes for research studies. This procedure involves collecting blood through a needle in the arm, extracting the lymphocytes through a cell separator machine and returning the rest of the blood through a needle in the other arm. Before treatment begins, patients have a central intravenous line (plastic tube) placed in a vein in the neck. This line remains in place during the transplant and recovery period for drawing and transfusing blood, giving medications, and infusing the donated cells.

To prepare patients for transplantation their immune system is suppressed by a combination of chemotherapy and radiation which will also help to fight remaining malignant cells. The chemotherapy consists of two anti-cancer drugs (fludarabine and cyclophosphamide) and will be infused over the central line starting eight days before the transplant. Patients will receive eight doses of total body irradiation, administered in two 30-minute sessions per day for 4 days. Patients above 55 years of age who tolerate transplants less well than younger individuals will receive a lower dose of radiation. One day after the preparative treatment is finished, patients receive the transplant of donors stem cells as an infusion through the central line.

Patients receive cyclosporine, an immunosuppressive drug starting 6 days before the transplant until 21 days post-transplant. This helps prevent both transplant rejection and GVHD. The drug is stopped to allow the donor immunity to function and is restarted on day 89 to prevent GVHD from the infusion of T lymphocytes on day 90.

Patients are followed with various tests, treatments and examinations periodically for the first 3 years and then yearly thereafter.

Primary endpoint will be overall survival at day +200. Non-relapse mortality at day +200 will be monitored for safety. Secondary endpoints will be standard transplant outcome variables such as non-hematologic toxicity, incidence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD and relapse of disease.

Conditions

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia; Acute Myelogenous Leukemia; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

T Cell Depletion Transplant Participants

Participants with hematological malignancies received a myeloablative conditioning regimen of cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and total body irradiation followed by an infusion of stem cell product prepared using the Miltenyi CliniMacs system for CD34 selection and a delayed T cell depletion add back as donor lymphocyte infusion at day 90.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Miltenyi reagent system

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Miltenyi Clinimax CD34 Reagent System for CD34 selection and delayed T cell depletion add back

Fludarabine

Intervention Type: DRUG

Therapeutic

Cyclosporine

Intervention Type: DRUG

Therapeutic

Cyclophosphamide

Intervention Type: DRUG

Therapeutic

Stem Cell Donors

An HLA 6/6 identical family member will be co-enrolled into this study as a stem cell donor. The stem cell collection aspect of this protocol is not investigational.

Group Type: OTHER

FILGRASTIM (G-CSF)

Intervention Type: OTHER

An HLA 6/6 identical family member will be co-enrolled into this study as a stem cell donor. Stem cell Donors will receive G-CSF for stem cell mobilization. The stem cell collection aspect of this protocol is not investigational.

Interventions

Miltenyi reagent system

Miltenyi Clinimax CD34 Reagent System for CD34 selection and delayed T cell depletion add back

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Fludarabine

Therapeutic

Intervention Type: DRUG

Cyclosporine

Therapeutic

Intervention Type: DRUG

Cyclophosphamide

Therapeutic

Intervention Type: DRUG

FILGRASTIM (G-CSF)

An HLA 6/6 identical family member will be co-enrolled into this study as a stem cell donor. Stem cell Donors will receive G-CSF for stem cell mobilization. The stem cell collection aspect of this protocol is not investigational.

Intervention Type: OTHER

Other Intervention Names

Miltenyi Clinimax CD34 Reagent System; Fludara; Neoral; Cytoxan; Neupogen

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• Ages 10-75 years inclusive
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML):
• Subjects under the age of 21 in chronic phase
• Subjects ages 10-75 in chronic phase who have failed treatment with imatinib, have intolerance to imatinib, or who did not receive imatinib at therapeutic doses within the first 12 months from diagnosis.
• Subjects ages 10-75 in accelerated phase or blast transformation.
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): any of these categories: ALL in first remission with high-risk features (presenting leukocyte count greater than 100,000/cu mm, Karyotypes t9; 22, t4, t19, t11, biphenotypic leukemia) All second or subsequent remissions, primary induction failure, partially responding or untreated relapse.
• Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML): AML in first remission - except AML with good risk karyotypes: AML M3 (t15; 17), AML M4Eo (inv 16), AML t (8; 21). All AML in second or subsequent remission, primary induction failure and resistant relapse
• Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): any of these categories - refractory anemia with transfusion dependence, refractory anemia with excess of blasts, transformation to acute leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, atypical MDS/myeloproliferative syndromes
• Myeloproliferative disorders including atypical (Ph negative) chronic myeloid and neutrophilic leukemias, progressing myelofibrosis, and polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia in transformation to acute leukemia or with progressive transfusion requirements or pancytopenia.
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia refractory to fludarabine treatment and with bulky progressive disease or with thrombocytopenia (less than or equal to 100,000 /microl) or anemia (less than or equal to 10g/dl) not due to recent chemotherapy.
• Non-Hodgkins lymphoma including Mantle cell lymphoma relapsing or refractory to standard of care treatments
• Multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, unresponsive or relapsed following standard of care treatments.
• HLA identical (6/6) related donor
• For adults: Ability to comprehend the investigational nature of the study and provide informed consent. For minors: written informed consent from one parent or guardian. Informed oral consent from minors: the process will be explained to the minor on a level of complexity appropriate for their age and ability to comprehend.

• Related donor, HLA identical (6/6) with recipient
• Weight greater than or equal to 18 kg
• Age greater than or equal to 2 or less than or equal to 80 years old
• For adults: Ability to comprehend the investigational nature of the study and provide informed consent. For minors: Written informed consent from one parent or guardian and informed assent: The process will be explained to the minor on a level of complexity appropriate for their age and ability to comprehend.

Exclusion Criteria

• Estimated probability of surviving less than three months
• Major anticipated illness or organ failure incompatible with survival from transplant
• Severe psychiatric illness. Mental deficiency sufficiently severe as to make compliance with the transplant treatment unlikely and making informed consent impossible.
• Positive pregnancy test for women of childbearing age.
• HIV positive
• Diffusion Capacity of Lung for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) adjusted for ventilation and hemoglobin less than 65 percent predicted
• Left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40 percent
• Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)/Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT) greater than 10 times upper limit of normal (ULN) (CTCAE grade IV v3.0)
• Bilirubin greater than 5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) (CTCAE grade IV v3.0)
• Creatinine greater than 4.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) (CTCAE grade IV v 3.0)
• Prior allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

• Pregnant. Lactating donors permitted provide breast milk is discarded during the days that G-CSF is given
• Unfit to receive filgrastim (G-CSF) and undergo apheresis (abnormal blood counts, history of stroke, uncontrolled hypertension)
• Sickling hemoglobinopathies including HbSS, HbAS, HbSC
• HIV positive donors who are positive for hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) or human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I/II) will be used at the discretion of the investigator following counseling and approval from the recipient
• Severe psychiatric illness. Mental deficiency sufficiently severe as to make compliance with the BMT treatment unlikely, and making informed consent impossible

• Minimum Eligible Age: 10 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 75 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

NIH

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Responsibility Role: SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

Minocher M Battiwalla, M.D.

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

Locations

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike

Bethesda, Maryland, United States

Countries

United States

References

Appelbaum FR. Haematopoietic cell transplantation as immunotherapy. Nature. 2001 May 17;411(6835):385-9. doi: 10.1038/35077251.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 11357147 (View on PubMed)

Armitage JO. Bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 1994 Mar 24;330(12):827-38. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199403243301206. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 8114836 (View on PubMed)

Balaguer H, Galmes A, Ventayol G, Bargay J, Besalduch J. Splenic rupture after granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor mobilization in a peripheral blood progenitor cell donor. Transfusion. 2004 Aug;44(8):1260-1. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.00413.x. No abstract available.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 15265137 (View on PubMed)

Giudice V, Banaszak LG, Gutierrez-Rodrigues F, Kajigaya S, Panjwani R, Ibanez MDPF, Rios O, Bleck CK, Stempinski ES, Raffo DQ, Townsley DM, Young NS. Circulating exosomal microRNAs in acquired aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Haematologica. 2018 Jul;103(7):1150-1159. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2017.182824. Epub 2018 Apr 19.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 29674506 (View on PubMed)

McIver ZA, Yin F, Hughes T, Battiwalla M, Ito S, Koklanaris E, Haggerty J, Hensel NF, Barrett AJ. Second hematopoietic SCT for leukemia relapsing after myeloablative T cell-depleted transplants does not prolong survival. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013 Sep;48(9):1192-7. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2013.39. Epub 2013 Mar 25.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 23524640 (View on PubMed)

McIver Z, Melenhorst JJ, Wu C, Grim A, Ito S, Cho I, Hensel N, Battiwalla M, Barrett AJ. Donor lymphocyte count and thymic activity predict lymphocyte recovery and outcomes after matched-sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Haematologica. 2013 Mar;98(3):346-52. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2012.072991. Epub 2012 Oct 12.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 23065508 (View on PubMed)

Melenhorst JJ, Tian X, Xu D, Sandler NG, Scheinberg P, Biancotto A, Scheinberg P, McCoy JP Jr, Hensel NF, McIver Z, Douek DC, Barrett AJ. Cytopenia and leukocyte recovery shape cytokine fluctuations after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica. 2012 Jun;97(6):867-73. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2011.053363. Epub 2011 Dec 1.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 22133778 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

http://clinicalstudies.info.nih.gov/cgi/detail.cgi?B_2006-H-0248.html

NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web Page

Other Identifiers

06-H-0248

Identifier Type: OTHER

Identifier Source: secondary_id

060248

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

NCT00398346

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: nct_alias