High-Dose Immunosuppression and Autologous Transplantation for Multiple Sclerosis (HALT MS) Study

NCT ID: NCT00288626

Last Updated: 2017-09-19

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE2

Total Enrollment

25 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2006-07-31

Study Completion Date

2015-11-30

Brief Summary

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The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a new treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), a serious disease in which the immune system attacks the brain and spinal cord. MS can be progressive and severe and lead to significant disability. The study treatment involves the use of high-dose chemotherapeutic drugs to suppress the immune system. The participant's own (autologous) blood-forming (hematopoietic, CD34+) stem cells are collected before the chemotherapy is given, and then transplanted back into the body following treatment. Transplantation of autologous hematopoietic stem cells is required to prevent very prolonged periods of low blood cell counts after the high-dose chemotherapy.

Detailed Description

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MS is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which myelin, the protective coat that surrounds nerve cells, is damaged or destroyed by autoimmune T cells and macrophages, leading to an eventual loss of neurologic function. In a pilot study in Europe using high-dose chemotherapy, it was observed that 18 of 19 MS patients stabilized or improved clinically, and only one patient showed a new lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain at 4.5 years after treatment. Improvement was seen in quality-of-life assessments.

In ITN033AI, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous CD34-selected hematopoietic cell transplantation will be given to confirm the results from the pilot study and to offer therapy to patients with early MS and a poor prognosis. Research studies will be performed in addition to clinical assessments to better understand the effect of the treatment on the activity of MS. High-dose chemotherapy will be used to deplete autoreactive immune cells. These regimens also deplete the bone marrow, the source of blood-forming CD34+ stem cells which causes very low blood counts. Therefore, the participant's autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells will be collected before high dose immunosuppressive therapy is given and then returned as a transplant post-chemotherapy. Patients will be followed closely after the autologous transplantation since they will be at risk for infections after treatment.

At the beginning of the study, participants will undergo a number of screening and baseline procedures, including a physical exam, blood collection, MS-confirming neurology exams and questionnaires, and MRI procedures. Participants will be given prednisone and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood. When the peripheral blood CD34+ cell count reaches 20,000 cells/ml or greater, these cells will be collected by leukapheresis. In this process, a catheter is placed into a large blood vessel, peripheral blood is withdrawn, and a high speed sedimentation (leukapheresis) device is used to separate and retain the cells required for autologous transplantation. Other blood cells are then returned to the participant's body. In the laboratory, the CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell graft will be selected and prepared from the leukapheresis collection, and stored until needed for transplant. Seven or more days following the collection of their autologous graft, participants will be hospitalized and receive high-dose chemotherapy consisting of carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) and thymoglobulin. This is followed by transplantation of the autologous hematopoietic cell graft. Participants will remain in the hospital for observation during recovery of their peripheral blood cell counts, as described in the protocol. Participants will receive G-CSF and blood transfusions, if needed, and will be monitored for infections. Following discharge from the hospital, eight study visits will occur over sixty months (five years). During these visits, participants will undergo blood and urine collection, MRI studies, leukapheresis, and MS neurology exams and will complete questionnaires.

Conditions

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Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NA

Intervention Model

SINGLE_GROUP

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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MS Treatment

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell grafts were CD34+ selected; the participants then received high-dose treatment with carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan as well as rabbit antithymocyte globulin before autologous HCT.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and prednisone

Intervention Type DRUG

Growth factor regimen; occurs at study entry

Carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM)

Intervention Type DRUG

High-dose chemotherapy; occurs seven or more days following collection of autologous graft

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Occurs after growth factor regimen and collection of autologous graft

Interventions

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Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and prednisone

Growth factor regimen; occurs at study entry

Intervention Type DRUG

Carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM)

High-dose chemotherapy; occurs seven or more days following collection of autologous graft

Intervention Type DRUG

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Occurs after growth factor regimen and collection of autologous graft

Intervention Type PROCEDURE

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Diagnosis of relapsing-remitting or progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis for less than 15 years using McDonald Criteria. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol
* Score between 3.0 and 5.5 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)
* T2 abnormalities on brain MRI consistent with MS
* Two or more relapses in 18 months time on interferon (IFN), glatiramer acetate (GA), natalizumab or cytotoxic therapy with EDSS increase of 1.0 or greater for participants with EDSS at screening of 3.0 to 3.5 (0.5 or greater for participants with EDSS at screening of 4.0 to 5.5) sustained at least 4 weeks after at least one of these relapses OR one relapse on IFN, GA, natalizumab or cytotoxic therapy with EDSS increase of 1.5 or greater (1.0 for subjects with EDSS at screening of 5.5) sustained at least 4 weeks, together with MRI changes consistent with poor prognosis. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol.
* On IFN or GA for at least 6 months before the relapses occur that are counted to satisfy previous inclusion criterion OR have received adequate doses of natalizumab or cytotoxic therapy on a treatment schedule before the relapses occur that are counted to satisfy previous inclusion criterion
* Approval by an MS Review Panel to participate in the study. More information on this criterion can be found in the protocol
* In good clinical condition with adequate organ function and without coexisting medical problems that would increase the risk to the participant
* Willing to use acceptable methods of contraception
* Willing and able to comply with all study requirements and
* Willing to accept and comprehend irreversible sterility as side effect of therapy.

Exclusion Criteria

* Primary progressive MS
* Secondary progressive MS without relapses (i.e., progression without exacerbations or relapses) for 12 or more months
* Neuromyelitis optica, a disease similar to MS
* Initiation of new immunosuppressant treatment after the participant becomes eligible for the protocol or continuance of immunosuppressant drugs after the participant is screened for the protocol. Treatment with IFN, GA, or corticosteroids is permitted after the participant becomes eligible for the protocol.
* Lapse of greater than 6 months between the time a participant is eligible for the protocol and initiation of protocol treatment except when judged acceptable by the MS Review Panel
* Prior treatment with investigational immunosuppressive agents within 3 months of study eligibility
* Positive baseline plasma and CSF testing for JC virus or a brain MRI that has changes consistent with a diagnosis of progressive multifocal encephalopathy (PML)
* History of cytopenia consistent with the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
* Active hepatitis B or C infection, cirrhosis, or HIV infection
* Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
* Uncontrolled viral, fungal, or bacterial infection. Patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria are not excluded
* Any illness that would jeopardize the ability to tolerate aggressive chemotherapy
* Prior history of malignancy, except localized basal cell or squamous skin cancer. Other malignancies for which the subject is judged cured by the administered therapy will be considered on an individual basis.
* Hypersensitivity to mouse, rabbit, or Escherichia coli-derived proteins or to iron compounds/medications
* Metallic objects implanted in the body that would affect MRI exams
* Psychiatric illness, mental deficiency, or cognitive dysfunction or
* Pregnancy.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

60 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Immune Tolerance Network (ITN)

NETWORK

Sponsor Role collaborator

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

NIH

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Richard A. Nash, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Colorado Blood Cancer Institute, Presbyterian/St. Luke's Medical Center, Denver

James D. Bowen, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Multiple Sclerosis Center, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington

George H. Kraft, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Departments of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington

George J. Hutton, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

The Maxine Messinger Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, The Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine

Uday Popat, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Michael K. Racke, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Department of Neurology, Ohio State University Medical Center

Steven M. Devine, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ohio State University Medical Center

Annette Wundes, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Department of Neurology, University of Washington

George E. Georges, MD

Role: STUDY_CHAIR

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, University of Washington

Locations

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Ohio State University School of Medicine

Columbus, Ohio, United States

Site Status

Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Transplant site, please contact Baylor College of Medicine

Houston, Texas, United States

Site Status

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Seattle, Washington, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Fassas A, Nash R. Stem cell transplantation for autoimmune disorders. Multiple sclerosis. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2004 Jun;17(2):247-62. doi: 10.1016/j.beha.2004.04.005.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15302338 (View on PubMed)

Muraro PA, Douek DC. Renewing the T cell repertoire to arrest autoimmune aggression. Trends Immunol. 2006 Feb;27(2):61-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2005.12.003. Epub 2006 Jan 6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16406806 (View on PubMed)

Muraro PA, Douek DC, Packer A, Chung K, Guenaga FJ, Cassiani-Ingoni R, Campbell C, Memon S, Nagle JW, Hakim FT, Gress RE, McFarland HF, Burt RK, Martin R. Thymic output generates a new and diverse TCR repertoire after autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis patients. J Exp Med. 2005 Mar 7;201(5):805-16. doi: 10.1084/jem.20041679. Epub 2005 Feb 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15738052 (View on PubMed)

Saccardi R, Mancardi GL, Solari A, Bosi A, Bruzzi P, Di Bartolomeo P, Donelli A, Filippi M, Guerrasio A, Gualandi F, La Nasa G, Murialdo A, Pagliai F, Papineschi F, Scappini B, Marmont AM. Autologous HSCT for severe progressive multiple sclerosis in a multicenter trial: impact on disease activity and quality of life. Blood. 2005 Mar 15;105(6):2601-7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-08-3205. Epub 2004 Nov 16.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15546956 (View on PubMed)

Tyndall A, Saccardi R. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of severe autoimmune disease: results from phase I/II studies, prospective randomized trials and future directions. Clin Exp Immunol. 2005 Jul;141(1):1-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02806.x.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 15958063 (View on PubMed)

Mancardi G, Saccardi R. Autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2008 Jul;7(7):626-36. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70138-8.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 18565456 (View on PubMed)

Nash RA, Hutton GJ, Racke MK, Popat U, Devine SM, Griffith LM, Muraro PA, Openshaw H, Sayre PH, Stuve O, Arnold DL, Spychala ME, McConville KC, Harris KM, Phippard D, Georges GE, Wundes A, Kraft GH, Bowen JD. High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (HALT-MS): a 3-year interim report. JAMA Neurol. 2015 Feb;72(2):159-69. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.3780.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 25546364 (View on PubMed)

Muraro PA, Robins H, Malhotra S, Howell M, Phippard D, Desmarais C, de Paula Alves Sousa A, Griffith LM, Lim N, Nash RA, Turka LA. T cell repertoire following autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis. J Clin Invest. 2014 Mar;124(3):1168-72. doi: 10.1172/JCI71691. Epub 2014 Feb 17.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 24531550 (View on PubMed)

Nash RA, Hutton GJ, Racke MK, Popat U, Devine SM, Steinmiller KC, Griffith LM, Muraro PA, Openshaw H, Sayre PH, Stuve O, Arnold DL, Wener MH, Georges GE, Wundes A, Kraft GH, Bowen JD. High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous HCT for relapsing-remitting MS. Neurology. 2017 Feb 28;88(9):842-852. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003660. Epub 2017 Feb 1.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28148635 (View on PubMed)

Keever-Taylor CA, Heimfeld S, Steinmiller KC, Nash RA, Sullivan KM, Czarniecki CW, Granderson TC, Goldstein JS, Griffith LM. Manufacture of Autologous CD34+ Selected Grafts in the NIAID-Sponsored HALT-MS and SCOT Multicenter Clinical Trials for Autoimmune Diseases. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2017 Sep;23(9):1463-1472. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.05.018. Epub 2017 Jun 30.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 28602891 (View on PubMed)

Harris KM, Lu T, Lim N, Turka LA. Challenges and Opportunities for Biomarkers of Clinical Response to AHSCT in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2018 Feb 2;9:100. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00100. eCollection 2018.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 29456529 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

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https://www.niaid.nih.gov/

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) website

http://www.immunetolerance.org

Immune Tolerance Network (ITN) website

Other Identifiers

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DAIT SCMS2

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: secondary_id

DAIT ITN033AI

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id